Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Wide

Publications and source records attributed to L Wide.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Detection of circulating IgG aggregates and immune complexes using 125I protein A from Staphylococcus aureus.

A method for detection of circulating immune complexes by the use of 125I labelled staphylococcal protein A is described. In a polyethylene glycol solution as little as 1-2 mg/l of soluble heat aggregated human IgG could be quantitated. Variables which might influence the assay were examined. Separation of immune complexes in serum from monomeric IgG was essential and achieved by gel chromatography on Sephadex G200. This assay may be suitable for clinical routine for detection and quantitation of immune complexes. A preliminary study on the clinical application of the method is presented. 58% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 42% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis had increased levels of immune aggregates in serum compared to a group of healthy individuals.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1976

A RAST neutralization test for detection of blocking antibodies in serum after hyposensitization.

The RAST, originally developed for the assay of reaginic IgE antibodies, was applied for the detection of blocking antibodies. Sera taken ante- or post-hyposensitization were incubated with solid phase coupled allergen which neutralized reaginic IgE antibodies in the serum. The remaining activity of the reaginic IgE antibodies was measured by the RAST. When blocking antibodies were present in the serum they competed with the reaginic IgE antibodies and the amount of reaginic antibodies that was neutralized by the solid phase coupled allergen was decreased. The blocking antibodies were found in the IgG fraction of the serum taken post-hyposensitization. Blocking antibodies to various allergens were detected in 25 out of 26 tests on sera taken post-hyposensitization. The results were compared with those of Prusnitz-Küstner neutralization tests and/or patient self-neutralization tests. There was no correlation between semi-quantitative results of these in vivo tests and those of the RAST neutralization tests. However, cases with subjectively a strong improvement had a significantly higher mean value for RAST neutralization index than those with subjectively a weak improvement. The method is suggested as a supplement to clinical tests for evaluation of hyposensitization treatments.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1976

Influence of suckling and of suckling followed by TRH or LH-RH on plasma prolactin, TSH, GH and FSH.

Ten women were studied during the first post-partum week. Suckling for 20 min induced a marked increase in plasma prolactin, reaching a maximum within 0-25 min after the end of suckling and then returning to pre-suckling levels after 120 min. Suckling induced no changes in plasma thyrotrophin (TSH), growth hormone (GH) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The iv injection of 200 mug of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) immediately after suckling resulted in an additional increase in plasma prolactin and a rise in TSH. When given 120 min after suckling TRH was followed by increased plasma levels of prolactin and TSH, which for both hormones were of a magnitude comparable to the TRH induced increment seen immediately after suckling. Thus, suckling did not inhibit the effect of TRH on the release of TSH. These studies indicate that TRH is probably not involved in the suckling induced increase in prolactin secretion. The mean plasma FSH level was below the limit of detection before and after suckling. Neither plasma FSH nor prolactin showed any appearant changes following the iv injection of 25 mug of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH), when given immediately after and 120 min after suckling. When given after suckling as indicated above, TRH induced no changes in plasma GH or FSH and similarly LH-RH was without influence on plasma GH and TSH.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The insulin tolerance test after pre-treatment with dexamethasone.

The plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid and serum GH responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia were studied in 25 healthy volunteers. The results of a control insulin tolerance test were compared with those of 2 similar tests which were performed after pre-treatment with dexamethasone 0.5 and 1.0 mg, respectively. The GH response to hypoglycaemia was significantly lower in women than in men in all 3 tests. In men, but not in women, the GH response was lower after pre-treatment with 1 mg dexamethasone than in the other 2 tests. The plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid response was significantly greater after pre-treatment with 0.5 mg dexamethasone than in the control test, and was at least as good after 1 mg dexamethasone. After pre-treatment with dexamethasone the subjects experienced less discomfort and a shorter duration of sweating than in the control insulin tolerance test. Pre-treatment with 1 mg dexamethasone also has other advantages. Thus, the basal plasma cortisol level is low and stable, which facilitates estimation of the magnitude of the cortisol response. Furthermore, information is obtained about the dexamethasone suppression response.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1976

Progesterone-induced augmentation of pituitary gonadotrophin responses to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in oestrogen-pre-treated amenorrhoeic women.

Modulating effects of oestradiol--17 beta and progesterone on the pituitary responsiveness in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) were investigated in 12 women with functional amenorrhoea. The pituitary reserve capacity for gonadotrophin section was investigated with repeated intravenous LRH tests before and after administration of oestradiol-1 beta followed by either progesterone or saline. Intramuscular injection of 1 mg of oestradiol-17 beta benzoate resulted in a suppression of both the basal gonadotrophin levels in serum and the gonadotrophin responses to LRH 24 h later. Progesterone, 25 mg im, was then administered in eleven experiments. Six h later, when the mean serum progesterone level had increased to levels similar to those seen in the early post-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, there was a marked augmentation of the pituitary capacity to release both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in response to LRH. This was not found in eight experiments where saline was given instead of progesterone after oestrogen pretreatment. These findings suggest that the greatly increased pituitary sensitivity to LRH at midcycle may be caused not only by the oestradiol increase in blood during the late follicular phase but also in part by the small pre-ovulatory rise of progesterone during the mid-cyclic LH peak. Furthermore, they add further support to the hypothesis that progesterone as well as oestradiol is involved in the induction of the LH peak at mid-cycle. Progesterone may be of importance to secure the release of enought LH for ovulation and normal corpus luteum formation to occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A solid phase radioimmunoassay for pancreatic glucagon.

A solid phase radioimmunoassay procedure has been applied for the determination of glucagon and some variables of the assay procedure were studied. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 pg of glucagon for samples assayed in triplicate. This assay method which has a high precision and is technically simple as compared with other radioimmunoassays, was found to be suitable for studies on glucagon release in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The early serum insulin response to intravenous glucose in patients with decreased glucose tolerance and in subjects with a familial history of diabetes mellitus.

Intravenous glucose tolerance tests with estimations of K values and measurements of serum insulin concentrations at 0, 4, 6, and 8 min after the start of the glucose injection were performed in connection with a health examination survey of middle-aged men. The possible predictive value for later diabetes mellitus of early serum insulin response after intravenous glucose administration was evaluated by studying subjects with a familial history of diabetes mellitus and patients with different degrees of glucose intolerance. The following conclusions were drawn: The early appearance of glucose-stimulated serum insulin should be studied during the first 6 min after start of the glucose injection. The advantage of making calculations for early insulin secretion by including approximate considerations of the fractional removal rate of serum insulin is not apparent. Serum insulin values in patients with decreased glucose tolerance and subjects with a familial history of diabetes mellitus were best characterized by an insulin concentration index (glucose-stimulated early serum insulin concentration divided by basal serum insulin concentration). This index was significantly lower in these groups than in healthy controls.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1975

Human pituitary luteinizing hormone. Isolation and characterization of four glycoproteins with luteinizing activity.

Two major and two minor components of human luteinizing hormone (lutropin) were isolated from whole frozen pituitaries by a procedure involving extraction of homogenized pituitaries, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100, and SE-Sephadex C-50 and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The isolation procedure was monitored by both bioassays and radioimmunoassays. Contamination of the final products by other pituitary hormone activities was very low. The four lutropin components were all homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (a sieving medium) and by free zone electrophoresis (a non-sieving medium). No heterogeneity was observed when the components were studied in the ultracentrifuge by sedimentation-equilibrium technique. The molecular weights of the components were in the range of 34 000-40 000. Sedimentation velocity experiments with the two major components revealed in each case one boundary with S20,W values of 3.2 S and 3.5 S. Further evidence for the homogeneity of the components was the observation of only one precipitin line for each component upon immunodiffusion against a rabbit anti-human lutropin serum. Amino acid and carbohydrate analyses indicated close similarity among the four components. From the analysis data the molecular weights of the components were calculated to be 31 000-33 000.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone treatment for induction of follicular maturation and ovulation in amenorrhoeic women with anorexia nervosa.

Follicular maturation and ovulation can be induced in amenorrhoeic women with anorexia nervosa by long-term treatment with 500 mug of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) every eight hours. In some women, however, treatment with LH-RH alone results in ovulatory menstrual cycles with indications of luteal phase insufficiency. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was therefore given with LH-RH during three treatment cycles. This resulted in ovulation and normal corpus-luteum function, as shown by the occurrence of a single pregnancy in the only involuntarily sterile patient. During the prolonged LH-RH treatment the LH response to LH-RH increased in parallel with the increased oestrogen secretion while the follicle-stimulating hormone response to LH-RH decreased. These changes in the pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH may result from modulating effects on the pituitary by the sex steroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Successful induction of follicular maturation and ovulation by prolonged treatment with LH-releasing hormone in women with anorexia nervosa.

Four women with anorexia nervosa were treated with synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LRH) in an attempt to induce ovulation. All the women had very low pretreatment levels of gonadotropins and estrogens. Administration of LRH resulted in significant gonadotropin increases. The FSH response to LRH in relation to the LH response was higher than in regularly menstruating women. LRH (500 mug) was administered parenterally three times daily over about 4 weeks. During this period there were no significant effects on mood, eating behavior, weight, or libido. All the women responded with follicular maturation and ovulation to the prolonged LRH treatment.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1975

Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone in hyperlipoproteinemia.

Similar serum lipoprotein abnormalities have been demonstrated in hyperlipoproteinemia type III and hypothyroidism. In this study the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone in serum were determined in clinically euthyroid patients with different types of hyperlipoproteinemias and in subjects with a normal lipoprotein pattern. The mean value for thyroid-stimulating hormone was significantly higher in the group with hyperlipoproteinemia type III than in normal controls (p smaller than 0.01) and in the group with hyperlipoproteinemia type II A (p smaller than 0.02). The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone were positively correlated to the triglyceride and cholesterol concentration in the very low density lipoprotein fraction and the ""III-index''.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1975

Isolation of five active thyrotropin components from human pituitary gland.

A procedure is described for the isolation of human pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin). The starting material was a side-fraction provided by the earlier developed process for the purification of growth hormone from whole frozen pituitaries. This fraction was further purified by successive chromatography on Bio-Gel P-150, Bio-Gel HT hydroxyapatite, and SP-Sephadex C-50. The resulting preparation was obtained in yields of 10 mg/kg of pituitary tissue and had a thyrotropin potency of 11 units human Research Standard A/mg as measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. Contamination by other pituitary hormone activities was low. In the ultracentrifuge a single sedimenting boundary was registered with an s20,w value of 2.7 S. The molecular weight as determined by sedimentation-equilibrium experiments was 34 000 in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and 17 700 in 1 M propionic acid. This thyrotropin preparation was, however, electrophoretically heterogenous. Following preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis five different components associated with thyrotropin activity were isolated. Isolation on a preparative scale of electrophoretically homogeneous human thyrotropin has not earlier been reported. One of the thyrotropin components was characterized with respect to molecular weight and amino acid composition. The data were consistent with a molecular weight of 33 000 from sedimentation-equilibrium analysis at pH 7 and with 268 amino acid residues per molecule.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

L-asparaginase and prednisolone pretreatment followed by rubidomycin and cytosine arabinoside for induction of remission in adult patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia.

77 unselected adult patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML), including practically all AML patients from an area with 1.9 million inhabitants, were randomized for either (1) 5 days pretreatment with 1-asparaginase and prednisolone followed by a combination of rubidomycin and cytosine arabinoside (ARAP), or (2) treatment with a combination of rubidomycin, cytosine arabinoside and prednisolone without 1-asparaginase pretreatment (RAP). Complete remission was induced with ARAP in 12 patients (31%) and with RAP in 13 patients (34%). Thus pretreatment with 1-asparaginase did not improve the therapeutic response. The overall remission frequency was significantly higher below the age of 60; 50% compared to 13% above this age. Side-effects such as liver dysfunction, nausea and vomiting were more common in patients pretreated with 1-asparaginase. Sterilization of the gut did not improve the remission frequency with either regime.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Serum growth hormone and gonadotrophins and urinary steroids in adolescent girls.

In a series of 146 school girls and nurses in the serum levels of growth hormone (GH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined in the afternoon after 4-5 hours' fast. Blood specimens of the menstruating girls were taken on the 7th to 10th day from the beginning of the preceding menstrual bleeding. From the 24-hour urines collected on the previous day the excretion of total oestrogens, 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydrocorticosteroids was determined. The series was grouped according to skeletal age which varied from 8.0 years to the adult stage. In the girls aged 11-13 years the GH curve showed a significant rise parallel with the mean height curve. The FSH values at the early age of 8-9 years corresponded to the follicular phase of adult women. The LH level increased syteeply up to the 15th year of bone age and mean values of adults were found to be about three times those of childhood. The excretion of total oestrogens and 17-ketosteroids increased steadily up to the full maturity of skeletal age. In the oldest group of girls the excretion was about four times that of the group aged 8-9 years. The hormonal maturation seems to continue until late puberty. The 17-OHCS, on the other hand, reached the adult level in the group with a bone age of 13 years. The excretion of 17-OHCS shows a steep rise from the age of 11 to 12 years and this acceleration of excretion perhaps exceeds the increase in surface area.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1975

The plasma prolactin levels in man during prolongation of darkness in the morning.

The plasma prolactin levels were studied in 4 healthy subjects with a constant sleep-waking cycle and a constant activity schedule before and after experimental alteration of the dark-light cycle. The subjects slept in the dark from 10.30 p.m. to 6.30 a.m. During a control period of 10 days the subjects stayed in rooms which were well lighted after 6.30 a.m. During the following 10 days darkness was prolonged by 4 hours until 10.30 a.m. Blood samples were obtained at 10.30 p.m., and each hour from 2.30 to 11.30 a.m. on days 9 and 10 of each period of investigation. In all the subjects an increase of the plasma prolactin level occurred during sleep. At about the time of waking the concentration fell rapidly. There was no apparent shift in the waking-related decrease in the prolactin level during the experimental period with extended darkness. Present data do not indicate that the dark-light transition in the morning is essential for the waking-related decrease in the prolactin level.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The effect of apomorphine on basal and TRH stimulated release of thyrotrophin and prolactin in man.

Studies were performed in two groups of healthy male volunteers to evaluate the effect of apomorphine on the secretion of thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin under basal conditions and following the administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH). Apomorphine HCl, administered sc in a dose of 0.75 mg had no effect on the basal levels of plasma TSH or serum prolactin. The iv injection of 200 mug TRH was followed by an increase in TSH and prolactin in all subjects, with a maximum 20-30 min after the injection. When 0.75 mg of apomorphine was injected sc 30 min before TRH, the increase in prolactin was significantly reduced whereas the TSH response was unaltered. Our studies indicate that the TRH induced secretion of prolactin in man can be suppressed through a dopaminergic mechanism whereas the secretion of TSH is not influenced.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Relationship of the sex of the foetus to the amount of human chorionic gonadotrophin in placentae; single and dizygotic twin placentae compared.

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was assayed by biological and radioimmunological methods in placentae from 16 women with a normal twin pregnancy. When the concentration and total amount of HCG in placentae was related to the sex of the twin foetus, no significant difference between 'male' and 'female' placentae was found. This is contrary to findings that there is a significant (P less than 0-005) difference in the concentration of HCG per g and per placenta of singletons at term. A comparison between the grouped geometric mean data from bioassays shows that the amount of HCG per g and per placenta falls between the geometric mean values for 'male' and 'female' singleton placentae.

Adult↗