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Biomedical subjects

L Wide

Publications and source records attributed to L Wide.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effects of bromocriptine-induced pregnancy on prolactin-secreting pituitary tumours.

Twenty-eight women with hyperprolactinaemia and amenorrhoea received bromocriptine treatment which resulted in 31 term pregnancies. Bromocriptine treatment was stopped as soon as pregnancy was established. Nineteen of the women had radiological signs of a pituitary tumour. The pregnancies were clinically uneventful in all cases except one who developed headache. Post-partum sellar X-ray showed pregnancy-induced enlargement of the pituitary fossa in 4 of the 28 women. Regression of the radiological changes occurred in 3 of the 4 women within 2 years after the delivery. The women with abnormal sellar X-rays had no difference in the mean prolactin levels before treatment and after pregnancy and lactation while all the women with normal sellae had lower prolactin levels after pregnancy than before. Three women resumed regular spontaneous menstruations after pregnancy and lactation but only one conceived again. Thus, serious pituitary tumour complications are rare in hyperprolactinaemic women with bromocriptine-induced pregnancies. The pregnancy does not worsen the condition. Resolution of hyperprolactinaemia after bromocriptine-induced pregnancy is an unfrequent finding.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Regulation of iron therapy by S-ferritin estimations in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

Serum ferritin estimation was compared with bone marrow hemosiderin staining in the primary diagnosis of iron deficiency and overload in 19 patients on chronic hemodialysis. Serum ferritin estimation had a high predictive value: all 8 patients with marrow iron grade III had elevated S-ferritin values, and 3 out of 5 iron-deficient patients had subnormal values, the other 2 low-normal values. Serum iron and transferrin estimation was of very little value. Prophylactic treatment with 100 mg iron sulphate daily p.o. was inadequate for 13 of the 19 patients: 8 had iron overload. 5 had iron deficiency. Iron sulphate therapy was monitored by bone marrow hemosiderin and serum ferritin values and 15 patients could be followed up for one year. It was shown that serum ferritin estimations could be used to monitor the iron therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Electrophoretic and gel chromatographic analyses of follicle-stimulating hormone in human serum.

The pleomorphism of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in human serum was investigated by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and zone electrophoresis in agarose suspension. The FSH activity was measured by radioimmunoassay. By gel chromatography FSH in sera from 3 males and 5 females of various ages was eluted within a narrow range after albumin and no sex hormone related pleomorphism was found. Electrophoresis in 0.17% agarose suspension was found to be a technique suitable for analysis of differences in charge of FSH in sera from men and women. A total of 31 sera from 25 individuals was investigated. The results strongly indicate that there is in man a sex hormone related pleomorphism of FSH with less acidic forms of FSH in sera of normal women of fertile age than in sera of men and post-menopausal women. Qualitative analysis of FSH in serum by electrophoresis may become an important complement to the quantitative determinations of the FSH concentration for the clinical diagnosis of reproductive disorders and of FSH producing tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum prolactin in patients with hypothalamus and pituitary disorders.

Serum prolactin concentrations were studied in 115 patients with anatomically defined disorders in the hypothalamo-pituitary region. Fifty of the patients had expansively growing pituitary adenomas; in 17 of them (13 females and four males) the prolactin values were slightly raised (15 to 100 microgram/liter), and in 13 (11 females and two males) they were over 100 microgram/liter. The frequency of elevated prolactin values was higher for females than for males. Fifteen patients with invasively growing pituitary adenomas had very high serum prolactin levels (range 1230 to 31,500 microgram/liter). In a single case of malignant pituitary adenoma, the serum prolactin was at the lower level of detection. Of 49 further patients with suprasellar meningiomas, craniopharyngiomas, or other expansive or destructive lesions of the hypothalamus and sellar region, 15 had slightly raised prolactin values (maximum 114 microgram/liter). Eight of these 49 patients had sellar destruction, with a roentgenological picture similar to that in patients with invasive pituitary adenomas. Among these eight patients, the maximum prolactin value was 67 microgram/liter. It is concluded that moderately raised serum prolactin values (up to 100 microgram/liter) in a patient with a sellar tumor does not prove that the tumor is a prolactinoma. A serum prolactin value of 100 to 1000 microgram/liter strongly indicates a prolactin-producing tumor. In a patient with sellar destruction, a serum prolactin value of over 1000 microgram/liter is proof that the destruction is caused by an invasive pituitary adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

HCG-alpha and HCG-beta subunits as tumour markers during therapy in a case with so-called "non-functioning" islet cell tumour.

A 61-year-old man with a malignant endocrine pancreatic tumour, so-called "non-functioning" islet cell tumour, is described. The tumour consisted of enterochromaffin-like cells with positive immunocytochemistry for gastrin, glucagon and VIP, but neither of these or other peptides were elevated in the circulation. Elevated serum levels of HCG-alpha and HCG-beta subunits were found. They seemed to be valuable tumour markers during cytotoxic therapy.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1981

Phosphate metabolism in renal stone formers. (II): Relation to renal tubular functions and calcium metabolism.

Patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis (n = 57) and controls (n = 16) were investigated regarding the relationship between renal phosphate handling, other renal tubular functions and calcium metabolism. Incomplete renal tubular acidosis (RTA) was disclosed in 13 patients. RTA patients together with stone formers with normal renal acidification capacity (SF) exhibited low values for serum phosphate and renal threshold phosphate concentration (TmP/GFR) compared with controls. TmP/GFR was lower in RTA patients than in stone formers with normal renal acidification. Hypercalciuria of the absorptive type with normal serum PTH and urinary cAMP concentrations was a common finding in both stone patient groups, whereas no patient displayed unequivocal evidence of parathyroid hyperfunction. Fractional excretion of sodium was raised in both SF and RTA patients compared with controls. There was a positive relationship between the fractional excretion of phosphate and sodium in all subjects as a group. TmP/GFR was negatively correlated to fractional excretion of sodium. Twenty-three percent of RTA patients and 8% of SF displayed tubular proteinuria which often was associated with low TmP/GFR levels and enhanced natriuresis. It is concluded that a defective renal tubular phosphate handling is common in calcium stone formers and often associated with signs of other tubular dysfunctions. The altered phosphate handling seems to be unrelated to hypercalciuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Human pituitary prolactin: isolation and characterization of three isohormones with different bioassay and radioimmunoassay activities.

Three forms of human pituitary prolactin, separable at alkaline pH in a highly purified preparation, were isolated by means of column electrophoresis in agarose suspension. The most acidic component showed a significantly lower radioimmunological activity but a higher bioactivity than the other two components, which were approximately equipotent in both assays. Consequently, in both assays the most acidic component differed markedly from the other components. Amino acid analysis indicated close similarity between the three components and no size heterogeneity was observed by sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. A high degree of purity of the isolated components was demonstrated by analytical electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel at alkaline pH. Runs in the same medium also revealed that the difference in electrophoretic migration velocity remained after reduction and alkylation of the isohormones. A comparison of the migrations of the S-carboxymethylated and the S-carbamidomethylated derivatives with those of the unmodified components indicated that the diversity in electrophoretical behaviour of two adjacent isohormones was consistent with a difference in one single net charge. By analytical isoelectric focusing the component of intermediate migration velocity was resolved into two distinct bands proposed to contain isohormones differing only in the exchange of one residue of aspartic acid for one of glutamic acid. The isoelectric points of the prolactin isomers were all in the range of 5.7--5.9.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Human pituitary thyrotropin. Isolation and recombination of subunit isoforms.

The alpha and beta subunits of human pituitary thyrotropin were prepared by a process developed earlier. Each subunit preparation contained four isoforms which were isolated by preparative agarose-suspension electrophoresis. The alpha subunit isoforms were homogeneous upon examination by analytical electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Contrarily, the isolated beta subunit isoforms were always to some extent contaminated by the adjacent more acidic component. This was considered to show a transformation of these forms favoured by hydroxyl ions. Amino acid analysis revealed no differences between the alpha isoforms nor between the beta isoforms, and the amino acid compositions were in very good agreement with those earlier obtained for multi-alpha and multi-beta preparations. Attempts to recombine different alpha and beta isoforms were made at pH 7.0. The activities of recombined thyrotropin (in terms of MRC Research Standard A) ranged from 1.1 unit/mg (recombination of two minor components) to 3.5 units/mg (recombination of two major components). The activities of native and recombined thyrotropins as well as the subunit activities were followed by radioimmunoassays. The activity of native thyrotropin as a function of time was studied under different storage conditions. The subunit activities were also measured. All conditions resulted in a decrease in the thytrotropin activity (about 40% in 10 weeks). This decrease was not due to dissociation as the subunit activities remained approximately constant.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Luteolysis induced by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist is prevented by human chorionic gonadotropin.

The superactive stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) analogue D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRh was administered intranasally to five healthy women in a daily dose of 600 microgram during two successive days of the mid-luteal phase. Both the basal serum progesterone levels and the length of the luteal phase were reduced, i.e. luteolysis occurred. Three women who were given additional treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in a daily intramuscular dose of 1500 IU for 10 days, had increased basal progesterone levels and a prolongation of the luteal phase. Thus, HCG prevented the luteolytic effect caused by the LRH agonist.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist on luteal function in women.

The potent stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) analogue D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH was administered once daily during the luteal phase of the human menstrual cycle. The treatment was instituted in the early or mid-luteal phase of the cycle. Early luteal phase institution of intranasal treatment with 600 micrograms of the LRH agonist once daily reduced the basal progesterone levels during the luteal phase in 4 women but did not cause premature onset of menstruation. Mid-luteal phase institution of subcutaneous treatment with 10 micrograms of the LRH agonist once daily did not affect the progesterone levels or reduce the length of the luteal phase in 5 women. Thus, daily postovulatory administration of the LRH agonist D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH did not cause luteolysis in normally cycling women.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Estradiol receptor activity in uteri of pregnant mice given lead before implantation.

Lead chloride given intravenously to mice on day 4 of pregnancy has been shown previously to inhibit implantation that normally occurs on the following day. The effect of such lead treatment on the estradiol receptor activity in uterine cytosol from day 5 of pregnancy was investigated. The quantity of estradiol receptors, expressed per uterus, per wet weight of uterine tissue, and per amount of protein, was significantly (P < 0.001) larger in lead-treated animals than in control animals. The estradiol receptor binding affinities were similar for both groups. A possible relationship between the increased estradiol receptor activity and implantation failure in the lead-treated mice is discussed. In vitro addition of 1 and 5 mmoles of lead chloride/liter of cytosol resulted in reduced estradiol binding, which is in accord with previous reports. However, our study indicates that this reduction is due to co-precipitation of lead and receptor proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effects of long-term antithyroid drug treatment on serum reverse T3 in patients with Graves' disease.

The effects of long-term treatment with antithyroid drugs, carbimazole (CMI) or propylthiouracil (PTU), on serum reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) levels were studied in 23 patients with Graves' disease. Nineteen patients were given CMI and four PTU for a minimum of six months. After one month of treatment the serum levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and rT3 had normalized in both groups. When L-thyroxine was added to the regimens after two months of therapy, both serum T4 and rT3 levels increased, whereas serum T3 level continued to fall. The serum levels of rT3 seemed to be dependent on and followed the T4 levels so closely that determinations of rT3 in the medical management of patients with Graves' disease will be of little clinical use.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Serum ferritin in the regulation of iron therapy in blood donors.

12 regular blood donors were selected on the basis of subnormal serum ferritin levels as a criterion for iron deficiency. It was found that all had high transferrin levels but only 5 had subnormal serum iron or transferrin saturation. The donors were given oral iron therapy in a dose of 2,800 mg between each phlebotomy, and the donation interval was standardized to 8 weeks. Test samples were collected every 4th week. After an initial rise in ferritin during the first 2 months, 6 of the donors again had subnormal serum ferritin levels, and the iron dose was therefore doubled after 32 weeks. Following this, all subjects taking the higher dose had normal ferritin values and stainable marrow iron was found at the end of the study, after 92 weeks. 3 subjects did not take the higher dose, had no raised serum ferritin level or stainable hemosiderin. It is concluded that serum ferritin estimation can be used to monitor the therapy in blood donors so that a satisfactory amount of iron is stored.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1980

Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin in patients with cerebral infarction or bleeding.

By the use of a radioimmunoassay, ferritin was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of apparently healthy individuals at a mean concentration of 5.1 arb U/l, i.e. a level about 5% of the mean normal serum-ferritin concentration. Fourteen patients with acute cerebrovascular stroke or transient ischemic attacks (one case) were followed by serial determinations of CSF-ferritin during 2 weeks or more from onset of symptoms. After cerebral stroke all patients exhibited an increase of CSF-ferritin with peak levels between 4 and 6 days from admission. Those three patients in whom computed tomography showed cerebral bleeding had the highest peak CSF-ferritin was 28 +/- 11 arb U/l in the patients who had cerebral infarction without signs of bleeding. In seven patients CSF-ferritin returned to the control range after 2 weeks. The extent of the rise of ferritin in CSF could not be explained by damaged blood-CSF barrier. We suggest that the increment of ferritin in CSF of patients with cerebrovascular lesions may reflect an inflammatory response within the brain possibly mediated by macrophages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Quality requirements of basal S-TSH assays in prediction an S-TSH response to TRH.

Different variants of a solid phase TSH radioimmunoassay method (having optimal precision at different S-TSH levels) were investigated for their capability in predicting an S-TSH response to TRH from the basal S-TSH levels. Sera from 283 patients with, or suspected of having a thyroid disorder, were tested. There was a highly significant correlation between the basal S-TSH level and the increase of S-TSH after TRH for a group of individuals with normal S-TSH levels. The best discrimination of responders to TRH from non-responders was obtained with a TSH assay method with prolonged preincubation (144 h) of serum specimens and antibody. With this method assay of the basal S-TSH level was found to be useful in predicting an S-TSH response to TRH in untreated patients suspected of having hyperthyroidism. The assay offers a less expensive diagnostic alternative to the TRH test in this clinical situation. We demonstrated the effect of varying the weight of the ratio of false positive to false negative results on the optimal decision level. The basal S-TSH level should be measured by different variants of the assay method whether this is used in the diagnosis of hyper- or hypothyroidism.

False Negative Reactions↗