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Biomedical subjects

L Weingärtner

Publications and source records attributed to L Weingärtner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Mezlocillin in neonatal medicine].

The acylureido penicillin mezlocillin was tested clinically and pharmacologically in neonates and young infants who received the antibiotic for prophylactic and therapeutic reasons. On the basis of blood level determinations following the administration of various dosages, we consider a dose of 200 mg/kg per day necessary for premature babies and 300-400 mg/kg per day for full-term babies. Pharmacokinetic data showed age-dependent features. The clinical results were good in 40 children treated with mezlocillin. Twenty of these children received a combination of mezlocillin and gentamicin. No child died of an infection. Therapy was not successful in three babies suffering from productive bronchopulmonary infections. Important side-effects were not observed.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1979

[D-penicillamine in various diseases in childhood (author's transl)].

D-pencillamine, a stable not physiological amino acid, has a manifold mode of action. Of special importance there is its influence on the collagen-metabolism, the gelose of heavy metals and the effect on immunologic processes. The use of D-penicillamine is possible in different diseases, such as Wilson's syndrome, collagenoses of diverse kinds, especially the rheumatoid arthritis, further chronic hepatitis and lung fibrosis. In this paper we report about 52 children, who were treated with D-penicillamine. The biggest group presented chronic liver diseases in 24 patients and rheumaoid arthritis in 21 patients. The therapy was carried out for a longer time, in some cases over years. The dose varied from 15 to 35 mg/kg of body weight. The number of side-effects was lower in children than in adults. They were more frequent in the group of collagenoses than in the group of liver diseases. Whether later on liver damages will occur is not predictable by the pediatrician. The results were excellent for the chronic active hepatitis; we can recommend D-penicillamine for such affections. Also for the rheumatoid arthritis we could partially obtain good successes, but not as convincing as in liver-diseases.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗
PubMed1979

[Experience with sisomicin in pediatrics (author's transl)].

Sisomicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is especially effective against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. It has a bactericidal action. Although sisomicin is similar to the other aminoglycoside antibiotics, there is not complete cross-resistance to them. Our own pharmacokinetic investigations showed that a dose of 2--3 mg/kg body weight of sisomicin twice daily is necessary in the neonatal period. Infants should be given 2.5 mg/kg body weight three times daily, and school children 1.5--20 mg/kg body weight, likewise three times daily. Excretion of sisomicin in the urine is lower in children than in adults, amounting within 24 hours to only 10--20% in newborns, and 30--40% in school-children. Sisomicin induces excretion of some enzymes in higher quantities from the tubular part of the kidneys, especially alaninaminopeptidase. A report is given on 58 patients, especially newborns and prematures, who were treated for about seven days with sisomicin. The results obtained with a wide variety of infections (such as omphalitis, aspiration of amniotic fluid with broncho-pneumonia, phlegmons of the galea, and also pyelonephritis and mucoviscidosis with pulmonary complications) can be described as good, with a success rate of 85%. On only seven occasions were insignificant transitory side-effects, such as slight increase in transaminases, toxic-allergic exanthema and pain in the region in injection, observed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[On the epidemiology of recurrent and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases -- an examination of about 18,000 children. 6th report: summary of the investigation in the four districts (author's transl)].

In 3 districts of the county of Halle and in the cities of Halle and Halle-Neustadt about 18,000 children of different groups of age were examined wether they were suffering from recurrent or chronic nonspecific lung diseases (CNSLD). Among the 18,000 children we found 4.3% with lung diseases. The morbidity rate was the lowest in the city of Halle and in the district of Quedlinburg, while in Bitterfeld, the district with the highest air pollution, about two times more children had fallen ill. In all districts the prevalence of CNSLD in young children was much higher than in elder ones. In the district with the highest air pollution with increasing age of the children the rate of prevalence lowered more slowly than in the other districts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Pediatric pharmacology of azlocilin (author's transl)].

Pharmacokinetic investigations of acylureido-penicillins azlocillin in newborns, infants and school shildren showed age dependend results. The differences were especially evident in a prolongation of the serum half-life to 2,56 hours in newborns compared to 0.94 hours in school children. On the basis of our pharmacokinetic results and of the dosages resulting from the data the antibiotic was used clinically in twenty eight patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and one patient with a Proteus mirabilis infection. The results were much better in infections of the urinary tract than in infections of the respiratory tract. This might be due to an observe bacterial presistence in spite of highly effective levels of azlocillin in bronchial secretion. The tolerance to the antibiotic was good.

Child↗
PubMed1979

[On the excretion of azlocillin with bronchial secretion in children (author's transl)].

This pharmacokinetic study involved school children who were treated with 6-[(R)-2-(2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido)-2-phenyl-acetamido]-penicillanic acid sodium walt (azlocillin, Securopen) at doses of 50 mg/kg bodyweight or 75 mg/kg body weight i.v. Kinetics of the first order were found for the concentrations measured at the same time, being proportionate to the administered dose, while there was no dose dependence for the relative distribution volume. The elimination half-life was about 55 min. In 25 children of different age who had to undergo bronchoscopy for diagnositic and therapeutic reasons, the azlocillin concentrations in the bronchial secretions were measured 1 h and 4 h after the administration of 75 mg/kg quantity of bronchial secretion was obtained, azlocillin concentrations of 30 - 240 microgram/g were found. Measurements of azlocillin concentration in the bronchial secretion and in the serum, which were made at the same time, did not show any correlation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Pharmacokinetic investigations on sisomicin in children (author's transl)].

Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside effective against gramnegative germs. The sensitiveness of coli, proteus, pseudomonas and klebsiella ranges from 0,1 to 0,4 mcg/ml. Germs with inhibition-values of up to 1 mcg/ml are certainly Sisomicin-sensitive. The side-effects of Sisomicin resemble those of other aminoglycosides, as for instance lesions of the VIIth cranial nerve and the kidney. Since aminoglycosides have a relatively small therapeutic range between toxicity and effective minimal-concentration, investigations are important especially in children. 66 children of different age groups received Sisomicin in doses of 3 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, and examined pharmacokineticly. Serum-levels were measured after 30 min 1, 2, and 4h, in some cases also after 6 and 8 h. In a separate group we determined the values after 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 min. The urinary output was controlled and the content of Sisomicin in meconium determined. Based on these results we recommend an individual, Sisomicin dosage for each age group. Clinically the Sisomicin proved to be well tolerated and effective antibioticum.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

[Treatment of chronic infantile hepatitis with D-penicillamine (author's transl)].

Detailed discussion of action, indication and side effects of D-Penicillamine which was used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis of infancy. Of 18 patients, 7 had chronic-active hepatitis, 6 chronic persisting hepatitis, 2 subacute hepatitis and 3 fibrosis of the liver. Control of results was based on numerous clinical chemical investigations and repeated liver biopsies. The transaminases and histology of the biopsies were the essential parameters. Doses between 15 and 35 mg/kg of body weight gave very favorable results in these 18 patients, treated over 5 to 24 months. Australia antigen-negative, chronic active hepatitis appeared to be particularly suited for this type of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[The congenital lobar emphysema (author's transl)].

The congenital lobar emphysema has no uniform etiology. We can however suppose that malformations especially of the cartilage are of importance. The whole lobe is mostly involved, with predilection of the left upper-lobe. The symptomatology of the congenital lobar emphysema is a manifold one. Striking are respiratory embarrassement with dyspnea and cyanosis. For the diagnosis an X-ray is necessary. Remarkable is a transparent lung in which you can still see an unimportant pattern. For the differential diagnosis et first congenital cysts come in question. By intercurrent infections a sudden severe deterioration can result, also if the cases show a favourable course. The method of choice is a timely operation, necessary is the resection of the affected lobe. This is a report of 17 own observations. In 11 cases we found a congenital lobar emphysema, in 6 cases congenital lung-cysts. We could examine 10 patients till to eleven years from the beginning of the disease. All the children had a normal development, except of insignificant residues.

Cysts↗
PubMed1977

Experience with amoxycillin in neonates and premature babies.

Amoxycillin, a semi-synthetic penicillin, resembles ampicillin in many respects. There is cross-resistance between the two antibiotics. Numerous Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms are sensitive to amoxycillin at relatively low dosage. Investigations using oral amoxycillin, 50 mg/kg body weight were carried out in neonates and premature babies in the first days of life. Peak values of 38 microng/ml and 59 microng/ml at 4 1/4 hours were obtained for the neonates and premature babies respectively. The 10-hour value for the first group was 13 microng/ml and for the second 19 microng/ml. With a single dose of amoxycillin, serum levels of 0.9 microng/ml were still obtained after 24 hours. In children who received the same dose twice daily, the serum values were 6.5 microng/ml after 24 hours. The urinary excretion of amoxycillin was, on an average, 41% in 24 hours. Amoxycillin was also found in the meconoium, but the quantity in the different portions showed a large dispersion. Amoxycillin can, therefore, be recommended as an effective and well tolerated antibiotic for use in the neonatal and premature period. In general the drug should be administered 12-hourly at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. Only in severe illnesses is 8-hourly administration required.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1977

[Amoxicillin and its excretion into bronchial secretion (author's transl)].

Various dates on amoxicillin (resorption, distribution, elimination, tissue passage, urinary excretion) are presented. The bacterial spectrum is more fully discussed. Amoxicillin is compared with ampicillin. Dosage and therapeutical results are presented. Within repeated bronchoscopic examinations necessary on account of bronchopulmonary affections determination of germs were done in 88 children. At the same time examination of ampicillin levels in bronchial secretions were performed after amoxicillin therapy with different high doses (3 x 125 mg to 3 x 750 mg) for 7 days. It could be shown that good antibiotic levels could be found in secretion specimens above all obtained 2 to 4 hours after the last amoxicillin administration. They could be found too, if there did not exist any purulent secretion or stronger inflammation. There are relations between the amount of dosage, the level in secretion as well as the influence on germs.

Adolescent↗