Amebic keratitis due to a mixed infection with Acanthamoeba and Hartmanella species.
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Acanthamoeba Keratitis↗
Biomedical subjects
L Watt
Publications and source records attributed to L Watt.
Cognitive skills associated with estrogen replacement in women with Alzheimer's disease.
To delineate putative cognitive effects of estrogen in women with Alzheimer's disease, we compared neuropsychological performances in three groups of patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: women receiving estrogen replacement therapy (n = 9), women not receiving replacement therapy (n = 27), and men (n = 26). Untreated women and men were matched by age, education, and duration of dementia symptoms to women receiving estrogen replacement. We hypothesized that treated women would have better scores on neuropsychological tasks. Results showed that women receiving hormonal therapy performed significantly better than other women on some, but not all, tasks; on no task did women receiving estrogen score significantly worse. The largest group difference was on the Boston Naming Test, a semantic memory task previously shown to be more impaired in women with Alzheimer's disease than in men with this diagnosis. Of tests considered in a discriminant analysis, the naming task was the only neuropsychological variable to distinguish between the two women's groups. Mean differences between estrogen-treated women and men were small and were not statistically significant. Findings support the hypothesis that estrogen therapy for women with Alzheimer's disease is associated with better cognitive skills and that previously noted gender-associated differences in Alzheimer's disease may reflect a state of acquired estrogen deficiency among women with this disorder.
Aged↗
Two years of school injuries in a Scottish education sub-division.
Injuries sustained in schools account for 20-30% of all accident and emergency attendances in school age children. Little information has been available on the epidemiology of school accidents in the United Kingdom. Two years of routine school incident reports were analysed from Renfrew Sub-Region, an area with a school roll of 55,521 children attending 135 schools. Schools returned 1,660 report forms in the two year period, of which 1,440 referred to injuries to school children. The peak incidence of injuries was in the 10-12 year age group. The male:female ratio was 1.37:1. Cuts/ laceration and fractures were the commonest diagnoses reported for both Primary and Secondary Schools. Injuries to face and features were commonest in Primary, and upper limb injuries in Secondary Schools. Uncontrolled areas, e.g. playgrounds, stairways and corridors were the most frequent places of occurrence in Primary Schools (Relative Risk 5.24, 95% C.I. 3.28-8.35). Report accuracy was assessed by comparing one year of school reports in a Local Government District to records in the local District General Hospital. This identified 156 children who had attended hospital as the result of a school accident. Schools overestimated the number of fractures by 27%, but where schools had not provided a diagnosis, 15.4% were identified as fractures in hospital records. Each child seen at the hospital received an average of 2.1 X-rays. Nine children underwent manipulations under general anaesthetic. Seventeen children were admitted to hospital, and the group required 103 outpatient follow-up appointments.
Adolescent↗
Expression of airway secretory epithelial functions by lung carcinoma cells.
We examined 12 non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines for expression of airway goblet, serous, and mucous cell characteristics. The cells expressed some ultrastructural traits of secretory epithelial cells but none contained secretory granules typical of the airway secretory cells. Using immunocytochemistry and cell-specific monoclonal antibodies, we identified heterogeneous expression of goblet, mucous, and serous cell markers among the cell lines. After metabolic radiolabeling, cells incorporated isotope into high molecular weight material. Incubation of pulse-radiolabeled cells with a number of known mucus secretogogues revealed that 5 of the 12 cell lines released radiolabeled material in response to the agonists. However, in each cell line only one of the receptor-activated pathways tested was intact. Although we did not identify a single cell line expressing a phenotype similar to normal airway secretory cells, particular functions retained by some of these cell lines may make them useful for specific studies of mucus production or secretion.
Bronchi↗
Tuberculous peritonitis: two case reports.
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Antitubercular Agents↗
Protein meal-stimulated pancreatic polypeptide secretion in Prader-Willi syndrome of adults.
Children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are characterized by obesity, hyperphagia, hypogonadism, and mental retardation with underlying hypothalamic dysfunction and are known to have blunted or absent pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion in response to protein meals. In this communication, adults (26 +/- 3 years of age) with PWS were compared with age-matched normal obese and normal weight controls in regards to plasma glucose, insulin, PP, cholecystokinin (CCK), cholesterol, and triglyceride after a high protein meal. Compared with normal weight controls, adults with PWS showed a smaller and delayed rise in plasma insulin, and relatively smaller and delayed PP elevation whereas obese controls revealed hyperglycemia, markedly higher insulin, and moderately higher PP, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels than those with PWS. There was a small increment of CCK levels after a protein meal in all groups of adults. After a protein meal, the molar ratio of PP to CCK doubled in normal weight and PWS groups, and this ratio tripled in the normal obese group, suggesting no reduced PP secretion in PWS in response to CCK stimulation. PP hyposecretion in PWS thus appears to be a part of multiple endocrinopathy associated with hypothalamic dysfunction.
Adult↗
Repeat self-harm: an 18-month follow-up.
An 18-month follow-up of cases of deliberate self-harm (DSH) revealed that 30% had repeated the act. Of a large number of items recorded at index DSH only one, a past history of self-harm, was associated with repetition. It is suggested that some factors not predictive of longer term repeat DSH may be important in the assessment of risk for immediate further self-harm.
Female↗
Wegener's granulomatosis and autoantibodies to neutrophil antigens.
We report five cases of Wegener's granulomatosis all of whom had clinical and histological evidence of disease activity at presentation and in whom autoantibodies to neutrophil antigens were detected. This test may prove useful for the diagnosis of this serious condition and help to monitor disease activity during treatment.
Adult↗
Deliberate self harm--correlates of suicidal intent and severity of depression.
In a study of 98 cases of deliberate self harm, a high correlation was obtained between a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (M.D.D.) and scores on both the Hamilton Rating Scale for depression (HRS) and the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS). There was also a high correlation between HRS and SIS scores. A higher score on HRS and SIS correlated with increasing age, as also did a diagnosis of M.D.D.
Adolescent↗
Deliberate self-harm and predictors of out-patient attendance.
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Adult↗
Cognitive deficits in systemic sclerosis.
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Cognition Disorders↗
Esophageal acid perfusion in coronary artery disease. Induction of myocardial ischemia.
Although coronary artery disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease are common conditions which, therefore, may coexist, it is unknown whether or not the presence of one affects the other. We performed esophageal acid perfusion tests, with concurrent blood pressure, heart rate, and 12-lead electrocardiographic monitoring, in 37 patients, 25 with angiographically documented coronary disease and 12 with normal coronary arteries. Rate-pressure product, an index of myocardial work load, was calculated. In patients with coronary disease who developed chest pain during acid perfusion, rate-pressure product increased from 10.0 +/- 1.0 x 10(3) (mean +/- SEM) basally to 15.2 +/- 1.5 x 10(3) (p less than 0.001), and 3 of 9 patients showed concomitant electrocardiogram evidence of myocardial ischemia. In addition, in coronary disease, 64% of patients with infrequent or absent reflux symptoms by history had positive acid perfusion tests, and 56% of patients with coronary disease who developed pain during esophageal acid perfusion could not distinguish that pain from their usual angina. We conclude that in coronary disease, acid perfusion (and, presumably, gastroesophageal reflux) resulting in chest pain causes rate-pressure product elevation and can induce myocardial ischemia. The presence of esophageal acid sensitivity is not accurately predicted by clinical history in coronary disease, and pain of esophageal origin is often confused with angina.
Angina Pectoris↗
Chlamydial infection of the urogenital tract in promiscuous and non-promiscuous women.
Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the urogenital tract of women presumed to be non-promiscuous, and in presumably promiscuous women attending a Special Clinic in Manchester was studied. Two hundred female members of hospital staff, who formed the non-promiscuous group, were found to have a 1% incidence of chlamydial infection. This compared with an incidence of 26% among 200 women attending the clinic. Among the clinic patients, chlamydial infection was significantly linked with the presence of gonorrhoea, mixed infections, and other sexually transmissible diseases--such as, trichomoniasis. No correlation could be made be made between the incidence of chlamydial infection and the use of oral contraceptives.
Chlamydia Infections↗