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Biomedical subjects

L W Ripa

Publications and source records attributed to L W Ripa.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Fluoride rinsing: what dentists should know.

Self-application of fluoride by rinsing has gained popularity as a relatively easy method of providing frequent topical fluoride contact to the teeth. The two principal fluoride rinsing methods, low potency / high frequency and high potency / low frequency, are described.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Recruitment of a clinical field trial population: reasons for nonparticipation.

Open-ended telephone interviews were conducted with 294 families who refused participation in a school-based program of professionally applied topical fluoride. While the program was conducted in a flouride-deficient community, the level of topical fluoride contact in the homes of the nonparticipants was high. The traditional antifluoridationist reasons for nonparticipation were not expressed with frequency. Instead, the most frequent reason for returning a negative consent form was that the child was already receiving topical flouride applications from the family dentist. The second most frequent reason was that the child did not wish to participate. Many of the reasons given for nonparticipation were not cogent, suggesting that if the parents had been more informed about the nature of the project and about fluoride in general their responses might have been positive.

Attitude↗
PubMed1980

Ethical and legal considerations associated with clinical field trials.

As members of a hypothetical review board, we have evaluated the protocol of a clinical caries trial following the recommendations proposed by the National Commission. The potential risks to the subjects were described as well as the potential benefits that both the participants and society might derive from the study. A new element of the institutional review process was the determination of the scientific validity of the study. The Commission was cautious in indicating that, while such a review should be conducted, studies of marginal scientific importance might be allowed, as long as the risks were minimal. Clinical studies of cariostatic agents traditionally use children as subjects. The rights of children as research subjects were addressed in detail by the Commission. Its recommendation that "assent" of the children be secured is significant. Nevertheless, the Commission distinguished between consent and assent. Consent of parents must be actively secured while assent of the children is acquired by their passive acquiescence to participation. We have raised questions at a practical level throughout this presentation in order to stimulate discussion. These questions, however, do not have simple answers. In the time remaining, we trust the complex issues involved will be discussed further.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Supervised weekly rinsing with a 0.2% neutral NaF solution: results from a demonstration program after three school years.

A school-based fluoride rinsing program was instituted in 1975 in the Three Village Central School District, Long Island, NY. The children rinsed once a week with a 0.2% neutral NaF solution under supervision of the homeroom teachers. After three years, the participants had rinsed an average of 77 times. Children in grades 3 through 7 who had participated during all three years of rinsing had a reduction in caries prevalence of 30.9% for DMFS and 28.5% for DMFT. The greatest reduction occurred on proximal surfaces (48.7%), followed by buccolingual surfaces (30.0%) and occlusal surfaces (28.2%). The benefits of fluoride rinsing increased with the duration of the program.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Two years' effect on the primary dentition of mouthrinsing with a 0.2% neutral NaF solution.

The benefits to the primary teeth from a school-based fluoride mouthrinsing program are presented. Children in grades 1--4, residents of a fluoride-deficient community in New York, rinsed an average of 49 times during 2 school years using a 0.2% neutral NaF solution. Rinsing was done under the supervision of homeroom teachers. Differences in caries prevalence of 20.0% (dfs/child) or 23.8% (dfs/100s) were found in children who participated in the rinsing program for 2 years compared with baseline caries scores of children who never rinsed. Surface specific differences in caries prevalence after 2 years were: 27.5% for proximal surfaces, 24.1% for buccolingual surfaces, and 12.4% for occlusal surfaces.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Supervised weekly rinsing with a 0.2% neutral NaF solution: results from a demonstration program after two school years.

The implementation of a school-based mouth-rinsing program in a Long Island, NY, community was described. In this program, children rinse once a week with a neutral 0.2% sodium fluoride solution under the supervision of homeroom teachers. Although the children reside in a fluoride-deficient community (F less than or equal to 0.1 ppm), the baseline dental caries prevalence of a subsample of the group (11 to 13 years old) was similar to that of comparably aged children who were residents of a fluoridated community and from approximately a third to a half lower than that of other fluoride-deficient communities. Despite the initially low caries activity in the study population, there was a 19.9% difference in mean DMFT prevalence scores between the baseline and two-year examination and a 20.3% difference in DMFS scores after two years of rinsing (average of 49 rinses). The greatest difference, 40.0%, was found between proximal surfaces; differences for occlusal and buccolingual surfaces were 19.6% and 15.6%, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Snack food intake of adolescents and caries development.

The relationship between the frequency of eating various snack foods, socioeconomic variables, and an increment in caries was studied in 143 adolescents. There were negative correlations between DMFT increments and the frequency of apples, fruit juice, and sugarless gum intake, and a positive association of DMFT increments with chocolate candy intake and spending money.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The use of behavior modification techniques to successfully manage the child dental patient.

Techniques of desensitization, modeling, and contingency management that can be used in the dental office for reducing anxiety and encouraging appropriate behavior in children are discussed. The "tell, show and do" approach is one desensitization technique easily applied in the private practice. Language should be at the child's level of understanding. An older sibling will frequently serve as an excellent model for a fearful child. Social reinforcers-a handshake, a smile, or praise-should be dispensed throughout dental treatment. Rewards should only follow desired behavior.

Behavior Therapy↗