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Biomedical subjects

L W Ripa

Publications and source records attributed to L W Ripa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Rinses for the control of dental caries.

Fluoride mouthrinsing at two different strengths and two different rinse frequencies has proven a versatile method of caries control for individual home-based programmes and community school-based programmes. An advantage of mouthrinsing is that the vehicle is not complex and does not interfere with the intraoral distribution of fluoride ions to caries predilection sites. An average caries reduction of about 30 per cent can be expected from use of this method. The percentage caries reduction, which is a relative figure, is considered to be a property that is intrinsic to the preventive regimen itself, in this case fluoride mouthrinsing, and is unaffected by the caries attack rate of the population being served. On the other hand, the benefit of the procedure is a function of the numerical caries reduction achieved by the intervention. Numerical reductions are absolute figures which do depend upon the caries rate of the population. High caries attack rates increase the numerical caries reduction because there are more lesions to inhibit; low attack rates produce low numerical reductions and consequently low benefits. Therefore, the decision to use fluoride mouthrinsing for either an individual or a community must be based upon knowledge of the caries risk of the targeted individual or group.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Nursing caries in Head Start children, St. Thomas U.S. Virgin Islands: assessed by examiners with different dental backgrounds.

The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of nursing caries in 3- to 5-year-old Head Start (HS) children on St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands and to assess the reliability of examiners with different dental backgrounds. A dentist, hygienist, and nondental HS personnel participated in a 1/2 day training session (lecture and workshop) and then independently conducted visual examinations for caries of the maxillary anterior teeth including nursing caries. Twenty-three HS personnel examined a total of 375 children; the dentist and hygienist examined a random sample of 74 and 73 children, respectively. Seventy-one children received all three independent examinations. Reliability was assessed by percent agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value. The dentist found 41% of the children had caries of the maxillary incisors, which included nursing caries. The percentage of children with nursing caries was 12%. There was strong-to-good diagnostic agreement between the dentist and hygienist. The HS personnel also found that 12% of the children had nursing caries, but the diagnostic agreement between the dentist and HS personnel was only good-to-fair.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1992

Preventive resin restorations: indications, technique, and success.

Although preventive resin restorations have been reported since 1977, there is little uniformity concerning the indications for this procedure, nor is there a standard technique. This article proposes diagnostic criteria for pit and fissure occlusal caries and diagnosis-related considerations for treatment planning for preventive resin restorations. A step-by-step "laminate" technique, which includes, successively, a glass-ionomer cement liner, a posterior composite resin, and a sealant, is described. The success rates reported for several clinical studies of preventive resin restorations are presented, although the criteria for this restoration, treatment methodology, and the determinates of success vary from study to study.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1979

Two years' effect on the primary dentition of mouthrinsing with a 0.2% neutral NaF solution.

The benefits to the primary teeth from a school-based fluoride mouthrinsing program are presented. Children in grades 1--4, residents of a fluoride-deficient community in New York, rinsed an average of 49 times during 2 school years using a 0.2% neutral NaF solution. Rinsing was done under the supervision of homeroom teachers. Differences in caries prevalence of 20.0% (dfs/child) or 23.8% (dfs/100s) were found in children who participated in the rinsing program for 2 years compared with baseline caries scores of children who never rinsed. Surface specific differences in caries prevalence after 2 years were: 27.5% for proximal surfaces, 24.1% for buccolingual surfaces, and 12.4% for occlusal surfaces.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Supervised weekly rinsing with a 0.2% neutral NaF solution: results from a demonstration program after two school years.

The implementation of a school-based mouth-rinsing program in a Long Island, NY, community was described. In this program, children rinse once a week with a neutral 0.2% sodium fluoride solution under the supervision of homeroom teachers. Although the children reside in a fluoride-deficient community (F less than or equal to 0.1 ppm), the baseline dental caries prevalence of a subsample of the group (11 to 13 years old) was similar to that of comparably aged children who were residents of a fluoridated community and from approximately a third to a half lower than that of other fluoride-deficient communities. Despite the initially low caries activity in the study population, there was a 19.9% difference in mean DMFT prevalence scores between the baseline and two-year examination and a 20.3% difference in DMFS scores after two years of rinsing (average of 49 rinses). The greatest difference, 40.0%, was found between proximal surfaces; differences for occlusal and buccolingual surfaces were 19.6% and 15.6%, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Snack food intake of adolescents and caries development.

The relationship between the frequency of eating various snack foods, socioeconomic variables, and an increment in caries was studied in 143 adolescents. There were negative correlations between DMFT increments and the frequency of apples, fruit juice, and sugarless gum intake, and a positive association of DMFT increments with chocolate candy intake and spending money.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The use of behavior modification techniques to successfully manage the child dental patient.

Techniques of desensitization, modeling, and contingency management that can be used in the dental office for reducing anxiety and encouraging appropriate behavior in children are discussed. The "tell, show and do" approach is one desensitization technique easily applied in the private practice. Language should be at the child's level of understanding. An older sibling will frequently serve as an excellent model for a fearful child. Social reinforcers-a handshake, a smile, or praise-should be dispensed throughout dental treatment. Rewards should only follow desired behavior.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1976

Comparisons of caries prevalence of children with different daily toothbrushing frequencies.

Clinical caries examinations, supplemented by bite-wing radiographs, were conducted on 290 schoolchildren. The children ranged from 12 to 15 years of age and were residents of a fluoride-deficient community in New York State. The children were divided into two groups based upon their stated daily toothbrushing frequency, namely, those brushing once or less/day and those brushing twice or more/day. Mean DMFS and DMFT scores were recorded for children in both categories. A trend was noted that more frequent brushing was associated with less caries activity. For females and male-females combined the differences in mean DMFS and DMFT scores between those children brushing once a day or less. The caries scores for males in these two brushing groups were marginally significant (P less than .05). Ninety percent of the children used fluoride-containing dentifrices. The inverse relationship between brushing frequency and caries activity may be related to the more frequent fluoride contact when the children brush.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The effect of toothbrushing frequency on oral hygiene and gingival health in school children: reassessment after two and one-half years.

An epidemiological survey of brushing frequency, oral hygiene (OHI-S), and gingival condition (GI modified) was conducted on 290, 12- to 15-year-old schoolschildren. The purpose of the survey was to compare the clinical findings with the children's states frequency of toothbrushing. Since the same children had participated in a similar study approximately 2 1/2 years earlier, it was also of interest to determine what effect, if any, a change in reported brushing habits might exert over the oral status of the children. As in a previous study, the stated level of brushing activity was high. Approximately 46 percent of the children claimed to brush twice a day, and 40 percent once a day. The poorest oral hygiene and highest level of gingivitis were associated with the group of children that claimed to brush less than once a day. In general, the children that claimed to brush their teeth more frequently had lower mean OHI-S and GI scores indicating less oral debris and gingivitis. For males-females combined the optimal effect on oral hygiene and gingival condition, on a statistical basis, was detected at the level of twice-daily brushing. Increased brushing frequency beyond this level did not produce significant improvement in OHI-S or GI scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoride deposition in human enamel in vivo from professionally applied fluoride prophylaxis paste.

Deciduous teeth were collected from children who received professional prophylaxis with an acidulated phosphate-fluoride (APF) or placebo paste and were analyzed to determine fluoride uptake. Enamel fluoride level was increased by the APF paste approximately 300 ppm at a depth of 2.5 micrometers during the first month after the prophylaxis was administered, after which it returned to pretreatment levels.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preface.

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Dental Materials↗