A study was made of photoinhibition of spinach chloroplast reactions. The kinetics and spectral characteristics of the photoinhibition over a range between 230 and 700 mmu have been examined. The decline of activity due to preillumination was independent of wavelength, and dependent upon the number of quanta applied, not upon the rate of application. The effectiveness spectra of photoinhibition indicate that active ultraviolet light is absorbed by a pigment which is not a normal light absorber for photosynthesis and acts with a high quantum efficiency (> 0.1) for photoinhibition.Active visible light is absorbed by the pigments which sensitize photosynthesis (chlorophyll, carotenoids). A very low quantum efficiency (about 10(-4)) was observed for the photoinhibition with visible light.The action spectrum of the photoinhibition of dye reduction by chloroplasts and lyophylized Anacystis cells indicated that the damage caused by visible light is due to quanta absorbed by photosystem II. However, since system I might not be involved in dye reduction, the spectra may reflect only damage to photosystem II.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1966

Photoinhibition of Chloroplast Reactions. II. Multiple Effects.

Ultraviolet light inhibits the photoreduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindo-phenol or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate with water as the electron donor (evolution of oxygen) but not the photoreduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate with ascorbate as the electron donor. It inhibits photophosphorylation associated with either system. Experiments undertaken to test whether plastoquinone is the site of UV inhibition yielded inconclusive results.Visible light (> 420 mmu) causes the loss of all chloroplast activities, photosystem I being more sensitive than system II. The data suggests 2 modes of action for visible light. The one sensitized by system II results in damage resembling that of UV light. The other, sensitized by system I, results in the destruction of the reaction center of this system.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1964

Enhancement in the Blue-Green Alga, Anacystis nidulans.

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Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Endorectal surface coil MR imaging of prostatic carcinoma with the inversion-recovery sequence.

The value of inversion-recovery (IR) sequences in the diagnosis and staging of prostatic carcinoma with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was studied. Twenty-six patients with carcinoma of the prostate were imaged at 1.5 T with an endorectal surface coil and with a variety of IR sequences and a set of spin-echo (SE) sequences for comparison. Ex vivo prostate specimens were imaged again at the same field strength. The two images were correlated with histologic sections. Cancer was identified with MR imaging in 96% of patients. Of the tumors more than 4 mm in diameter, 87% were identified on T2-weighted SE images, whereas only 26% were identified on IR images. However, IR images may be more useful in local staging of carcinoma. Gross capsular infiltration was present in only two patients; however, it was detectable (and excluded in five other patients) by means of IR images. It was not detectable on SE images. The high quality of images obtained with the endorectal coil was confirmed. The authors conclude that addition of the IR sequence to MR imaging with the endorectal coil may improve the usefulness of this examination.

Adult↗