Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L W Frederiksen

Publications and source records attributed to L W Frederiksen.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Can across-treatment changes in cumulative puff duration predict treatment outcome during nicotine fading.

The smoking behavior of 10 male and 15 female smokers was assessed weekly during a standardized nicotine fading program to examine the relationship between compensatory smoking (i.e., increases in the number of cigarettes smoked per day, expired air carbon monoxide (CO), or the frequency and duration of puffs) and posttreatment abstinence from tobacco. Subjects who continued to smoke or relapsed immediately following treatment (Nonabstainers) smoked significantly more cigarettes per day during the program (p less than .05) and exhibited greater across-treatment increases in the time spent puffing a cigarette (i.e., cumulative puff duration) (p less than .05) than subjects who successfully quit smoking (Abstainers). Both Nonabstainers and Abstainers exhibited across-treatment decreases in expired air CO (p less than .001). Similar analyses conducted between subjects who were abstinent versus relapsed 3-6 months following treatment revealed no significant differences in smoking behavior, although both groups exhibited similar across-treatment decreases in CO (p less than .001) and time spent smoking a cigarette (i.e., time alite) (p less than .05). The findings are discussed in reference to their relevance to (a) the development of differential assessment procedures to match smokers to appropriate treatments; (b) the determination of appropriate procedural modifications in the nicotine fading protocol; and (c) nicotine regulation research.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nicotine fading, behavioral contracting, and extended treatment: effects on smoking cessation.

Twenty-eight subjects were randomly allocated to either a nicotine fading or a maintenance condition. The maintenance condition utilized behavioral contracting and extended treatment in addition to the nicotine fading to improve treatment outcome and avoid relapse. The maintenance condition achieved superior outcome on smoking measures at post-treatment and follow-up periods for self-reported smoking levels. Carbon monoxide levels were significantly lower for the maintenance condition at post-treatment, three month and six month follow-up. Saliva thiocyanate levels were significantly lower for the maintenance condition at the three month follow-up. Changes in health functioning indicated significantly lower diastolic and systolic blood pressure at six month follow-up for the maintenance condition. Additional research on nicotine regulation during nicotine fading and thiocyanate levels during experimental smoking would be useful. The use of behavioral contracting to enhance maintenance without therapeutic support warrants further research as well.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Encouraging long-term compliance with breast self-examination: the evaluation of prompting strategies.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of two prompting interventions on promoting long-term compliance with breast self-examination (BSE). Subjects were 83 faculty and staff at a state university who volunteered to learn BSE at a 1-hr workshop. Following the workshop, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: phone-prompt group, mail-prompt group, or control group. Prompted subjects received BSE reminders twice a month for 7 months. Performance of BSE was assessed by an ongoing, indirect behavioral measure. Results indicated that the prompts, particularly those delivered by phone, were effective in encouraging initial performance of BSE. However, for all conditions, BSE decreased over the course of the study. The implications of these findings are discussed, and recommendations for future research are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Assessment of smoking behavior.

The nature of smoking risk is first reviewed and a classification of procedures for assessing smoking behavior is presented. Areas requiring assessment include not only the traditionally measured smoking rate, but also the substance used and topography of consumption. Each of these areas may be assessed through a variety of self-report, observational, or indirect techniques. These techniques as well as some of their advantages and disadvantages are presented. Recently published (1975 to mid-1978) data-based smoking research appearing in four journals (Addictive Behaviors, Behavior Therapy, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, and Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology) is then reviewed with respect to measurement reliability and the use of multiple measures. Results show a strong tendency to assess only the risk area of smoking rate and a low frequency of appropriate measurement reliability checks, especially during baseline and treatment phases. Some of the implications of these results are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Controlled smoking.

The health risks of smoking are related to the interaction of what is smoked, smoking rate, and the topography of consumption. Assessment and treatment efforts should take all three of these factors into account. A working model of smoking behavior is proposed which involves the consideration of antecedents, concomitants, and consequences of smoking on cognitive, behavioral, situational and physiological levels. Further, the relative importance of these factors is not assumed to be the same across individuals. An approach to smoking risk reduction, called controlled smoking, is proposed which includes the elements of: (1) comprehensive assessment, (2) individualized goals, (3) emphasis on regulation, and (4) a skill development approach to treatment. Finally, some possible commonalities among behavioral approaches to substance abuse are presented.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1977

Experimental evaluation of classroom environments: scheduling planned activities.

Scheduling of planned activities in a classroom for TMR adolescents was investigated. Ten classroom activities were scheduled in either a predictable (fixed) or unpredictable (random) order using an ABAB design. Relative to fixed scheduling, random scheduling resulted in significantly lower rates of activity completion and higher rates of disruptions. Lower rates of task completion also generalized to two unmanipulated activities. Activity completion and rate of disruptions, while generally inversely related, were significantly correlated for only 2 of 11 students. Students with lower levels of task completion under fixed scheduling showed the largest decrements in performance under random scheduling. Higher rates of disruptions under fixed scheduling were also associated with greater increments in disruptive behavior under random-scheduling conditions. Factors relating to the generality of these findings were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Social-skills training to modify abusive verbal outbursts in adults.

Social-skills training was used to modify abusive verbal outbursts displayed by two adult psychiatric patients. Five target behaviors--looking, irrelevant comments, hostile comments, inappropriate requests, and appropriate requests were monitored during role-played situations. Social-skills training, consisting of behavior rehearsal with modelling, focused instructions, and feedback, was introduced in a multiple-baseline design across individuals. Training improved all target behaviors. The improved behavior generalized to: (1) novel scenes role-played with the original respondent, (2) training and novel scenes role-played with a different respondent, and (3) interpersonal situations on the hospital ward.

Adult↗