[Assay and survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in environmental samples].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Volterra.
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Samples of marine waters have been analyzed for recovering faecal streptococci applying the membrane filtration technique on Slanatez-Bartley medium. It has been pointed out that this medium can yield high proportions of non-group D streptococci: in fact its selectivity seems to be rather low at least for certain samples. This study aims to test and to overcome the disadvantage of the high counts of faecal streptococci due to background microrganisms. The hydrolysis of esculin may be used as a confirmatory test for increasing the selectivity. Membranes showing high numbers of streptococci-like colonies have been transferred from Slanetz-Bartley (MEA) medium to an esculin iron agar (EIA) plate. After 20 min at 41 degrees C small black spots appeared on the backside of the membrane where the colonies had hydrolyzed esculin were resident. The number of positive colonies may be recorded as the real number of faecal streptococci.
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A tentative quantitative method is proposed to evaluate keratinophilic flora in the environment (soil and sand). It associates the MPN methodology to the "hair bait" technique. The methodology developed on sand samples has been able to detect shores with high amounts of keratinophilic flora (Focene, Torvaianica) besides clean areas.
A comparative work was carried out on two different incubation temperatures that may be used for faecal streptococci recovery. Analyses were made on sediments samples collected in the bay of Naples in a larger survey of environmental pollution detection. Results showed a selective effect of 44 degrees C temperature on the isolation of the Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus faecium and Streptococcus durans species that may be considered properly faecal streptococci.
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Faecal indicators of pollution were analysed in water and sediment samples which were collected in stations located in the gulf of Naples. Results showed the generalised build-up capacity typical of the sediments. Analyses stressed the extent of the pollution in the gulf: sediments might be polluted also in zones where the overlying waters remained faecally uncontaminated.
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An attempt of computer data processing carried out on microbiological analysis of marine coastal waters is reported in the present paper. The Ligurian coast was chosen because of the extensive analyses executed by the Laboratori Provinciali di Igiene e Profilassi. These have supplied us with their results concerning the marine environment. The elaboration performed discriminates between those stations constantly polluted and the punctual pollution phenomena that seldom affect more than one station. Data obtained could be utilized for a correct management of the coast and of the adjacent land.
Total coliforms, faecal coliforms, enterococci and heterotrophic bacteria were determined in shellfish samples collected both in the marine environment (at Bacoli and Coroglio in the Bay of Naples) and from the local market. The same bacteriological analyses were carried out on water samples obtained from the shellfish growing areas. The results are considered in relation to standards applied in Italy and elsewhere to shellfish and shellfish cultures.
The nucleic acid content of two viral populations in a strain of Penicillium citrinum is shown to be double-stranded ribonucleic acid, resolved through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into 10 size groups ranging from 1.17 to 3.98 megadaltons.
Two icosahedral virus-like particles (28 and 19 nm in diameter, respectively) have been detected in sporogenic and asporogenic segregants of a strain of Penicillium citrinum. The distribution of the two particles differed among the two segregants.
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