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Biomedical subjects

L V Martin

Publications and source records attributed to L V Martin.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The absence of teratogenic effects of some analgesics used in anaesthesia. Additional evidence from a mouse model.

The possibility exists that agents used in anaesthesia may have adverse teratogenic effects on staff, patients, and developing fetuses. It has been shown that a range of neurotropic drugs, when injected into pregnant mice on the 9th day of gestation, produce a characteristic group of central nervous system malformations in their fetuses. We have studied the possible teratogenicity of pethidine, fentanyl, phenoperidine and lignocaine when tested in this way and conclude that they appear to have less effect than other neurotropic drugs previously tested.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1992

A simple system for patient-controlled analgesia.

A simple system for patient-controlled analgesia made from disposable items and using hydrostatic pressure for its driving force is described. The system has been used in 200 patients undergoing intra-abdominal gynaecological surgery who were supervised in a general ward. Morphine was used as the analgesic in 150 patients and pethidine in 50. In the morphine group, analgesia was inadequate in eight and use was discontinued in a further 20 patients for various reasons. In the remaining 122, the system worked well and the majority of patients obtained satisfactory analgesia. Details of analgesic administration and requirements, pain and sedation assessments, and patient appreciation in 50 patients are given. In the group receiving pethidine, analgesia was unsatisfactory in two and use was discontinued in eight. The 24-h consumption of pethidine in 20 patients is recorded together with FVC and FEV1 changes and linear analogue scores for pain. It is suggested that the system provides a means of making the benefits of patient-controlled analgesia more widely available.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Teratogenic potential of two neurotropic drugs, haloperidol and dextromoramide, tested on mouse embryos.

Potential teratogenic activity of two neurotropic drugs, haloperidol and dextromoramide tartrate, was tested by using the mouse embryo experimental model. Like numerous other drugs of this class these two are also embryotoxic. After treatment 1 hour into the 9th gestation day they induce the neurotropic syndrome of malformations comprising exencephaly, craniorachischisis, kinking of the spinal cord, brachyury, and dilation of the fourth brain ventricle. In addition, dextromoramide tartrate was found to induce one more, so far unknown, neural tube defect, namely the ectopia of the neural tube. Delay of treatment by 1 or 2 hours tends to displace the location of the neural tube defects along the length of the neural axis towards the anterior and posterior directions. Even after accumulating these results at relatively high doses, it is difficult to estimate human reproductive risks from this animal data for human therapeutic doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Volatile agent use.

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Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Twenty-five years of respiratory intensive care.

During the years 1961 to 1986 the four-bedded Artificial Ventilation Unit of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh has treated 3046 patients with respiratory problems of all types. There has been a steady increase in the number of patients admitted each year to the present level of 180-190, a fall in mean length of stay from 15 to six days and the mortality rate has been reduced to 13%. The type of case admitted has shown considerable variation over the years with the most significant change being a large increase in the patients admitted post-operatively. The size of the unit has placed severe restrictions on the work that can be undertaken.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pressure-volume relationships in the lung during laparoscopy.

Pressure-volume relationships for the total respiratory system and for the lung were recorded in anaesthetized and paralysed patients, during deflation from an airway pressure of 3 kPa to FRC at a rate of 2 litre min-1. Pleural pressure was estimated by means of an oesophageal balloon. A group of nine female patients (mean age 32.7 yr) about to undergo laparoscopy were each studied in four successive states: supine, 15 degrees head down tilt, tilt and lithotomy position, and again in this position after abdominal inflation with nitrous oxide to a pressure of 0.8(-1) kPa. Compliance values were calculated from the curves. Mean total compliance was increased significantly by moving to the lithotomy position, and reduced markedly after inflation of the abdomen, because of a large reduction in thoracic compliance. Mean lung compliance was unaltered, except for a slight but statistically significant increase on moving from the supine to the Trendelenburg position. Measurement of FRC by helium dilution in a group of seven patients showed that abdominal inflation caused a mean decrease of 19%. Airway closure manoeuvres were carried out using a helium bolus technique from FRC in five patients, but closing volume could be measured in only one patient, in the supine position. The absence of an inflexion in the slope of the pressure-volume curves for the other patients supported this negative finding.

Adult↗