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Biomedical subjects

L V Ackerman

Publications and source records attributed to L V Ackerman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The significance of microscopic invasive cancer in endoscopically removed polyps of the large bowel. A clinicopathologic study of 51 cases.

A clinicopathologic study of 51 patients with endoscopically removed large bowel polyps showing histologic evidence of malignancy, either focally, to a massive extent, or comprising the entire polyp, revealed only one absolute finding capable of predicting residual disease, namely, the presence of cancer at the resection line. Of 23 radical resections, only one was justified. This case showed evidence of residual disease in the colectomy specimen that could have been predicted on the basis of involvement of the diathermy margin by carcinoma. Of 28 patients having polypectomy alone, 1 patient developed a Dukes' B carcinoma. The polyp, removed 9 months previously from the same site, had shown involvement of the margin by carcinoma. A conservative approach is thus advocated in the absence of this finding.

Colectomy↗
PubMed1982

Computed measures on computed tomograms of the head.

Measures of average parietal bone mass (APBM) and average parietal skull width (APSW) were developed using automatic image processing techniques and a special polar coordinate system. The precision of the technique is about 2%; the measures are obtained by processing one section of a computed tomographic head scan obtained without special apparatus. In males the APBM does not decrease with age; in females it splits into two groups of age, probably based on postmenopausal changes. The APSW in both males and females increases slightly with age. The clinical utility of the measures is discussed.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1981

Computers in radiology. A question of compatibility.

Given the increasing diversification of computers in most areas of radiology, the ability to solve problems resulting from incompatibility between systems is becoming essential. Manufacturers should supply hardware and software documentation to allow connections between different systems and give the radiology department of the future the capability to operate a network of computers.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma in the People's Republic of China.

Eighteen cases of heptocellular carcinoma from the People's Republic of China were investigated for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and tumor cells. The Sternberger-PAP immunoperoxidase technique utilizing monospecific antibody to HBsAg and a modified orcein method demonstrated cytoplasmic HBsAg in hepatocytes of 15 cases (83.3%) and tumor cells of 3 cases (16.7%). Thirteen of these cases were also investigated for HBs antigenemia and of these 11 were positive (84.6%). These hepatomas were often associated with macronodular cirrhosis and/or a persistent inflammatory process in the hepatic parenchyma. The high association of HBsAg and hepatoma indicates that the hepatitis B virus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this malignancy in China. It is concluded that a major public health effort to eradicate endemic hepatitis B infection is the most reasonable way to decrease the incidence of this cancer, which is common in China.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography scans on paper.

A method to display CT scans on paper has been developed using an electrostatic printer. The scans are displayed in threshold and gray level form, allowing the radiologist to utilize the CT values in the analysis of the scan. This system also has logistic, storage, and economic advantages.

Data Display↗
PubMed1977

The concept of minimal breast cancer and the pathologist's role in the diagnosis of "early carcinoma".

Minimal breast cancer has been variously defined as a lesion 1 cm or less, or even 5 mm or less. Some authorities consider intraductal cancer and lobular carcinoma in situ as minimal, but we believe that these should be excluded from consideration. Minimal cancer is not early cancer inasmuch as a 1 cm lesion represents 30 doubling times, and a certain percentage of these small cancers have already disseminated. The pathologist's responsibility in diagnosing minimal cancer has become more difficult. His problem is in three major areas: Is this proliferative cystic lesion cancer? Is this lobular or intraductal proliferative lesion in situ carcinoma? And if so, he must be concerned also with the treatment as well as the diagnosis. In any screening program, these minimal cancers, either invasive or in situ, should be evaluated by a group of experts in order that the program be entirely accurate.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Use of automated measurements of mean density as an adjunct to computed tomography.

A system integrated with a first-generation computed tomography (CT) head scanner is described. With the assistance of an additional program and minimal hardware changes, it was possible to examine specific areas on the preinfusion studies and obtain instantaneous printouts of a number of parameters including mean densities. This measurement technique was then applied to the preinfusion scans of "lucent" lesions--abscesses, glioblastomas--as well as "dense" lesions--recent hemorrhages, some uncalcified meningiomas, and some metastatic melanomas. These five lesions had characteristic mean attenuation values that seem to allow classification of each of the five entities. Hardware and software changes are described and practical application of the system is discussed.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1977

Determination of volume from computerized tomograms: finding the volume of fluid-filled brain cavities.

The concept of characteristic computed density is introduced and used as the basis of a method for computing the volume of reconstructed objects. The interpretation of a computed tomographic (CT) scan as a picture is considered to be misleading for this purpose, and is replaced by the notion of a CT scan as a reconstructed slice, or slice array. A pattern recognition system for estimating the volume of fluid-filled brain cavities is described. Operational definitions for certain structures in the brain are given. Finding the volume of brain cavities is seen to hinge on an adequate estimation of the characteristic density of brain tissue bordering the cavities. Computer methods are discussed for producing a normalized (relative distance) map of a brain slice and for searching in three dimensions through a stack of slice arrays. An evaluation of the system, on mock brain tissue and ventricles in a human skull, yielded encouraging results.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1976

Common errors made by pathologists in the diagnosis of bone tumors.

The pathologist must obtain X-rays before attempting to make a diagnosis in a bone tumor. Errors are made with both benign and malignant lesions associated with calluses. Infection may stimulate a malignant bone tumor radiographically and pathologically. Secondary aneurysmal bone cyst may dominate the radiographic and pathologic findings and obscure the primary diagnosis. Osteoblastomas are becoming increasingly difficult to diagnose. The question of whether such an entity can become malignant has not been resolved. Cartilagenous tumors are often difficult to diagnose and the pathologist must not only rely on histologic findings, but in particular pay attention to the radiographic pattern which is often diagnostic. Accuracy of diagnosis in Ewing's sarcoma is essential because the treatment now can result in a cure rate of almost 40%. Certain lesions such as lymphoma or osteosarcoma can mimic this tumor. To re-emphasize the problem, the pathologist must have all the clinical information before attempting a diagnosis of a bone tumor and without the pertinent X-ray, errors are almost inevitable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Non-randomized comparison of preoperative irradiation and surgery versus irradiation alone in the management of carcinoma of the tonsil.

This is a non-randomized comparison of 98 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the tonsil treated by preoperative irradiation and surgery and 97 patients receiving irradiation alone. Patients treated with preoperative irradiation received, in most instances, 3,000 rads tumor dose in three weeks through ipsilateral portals, followed within two to six weeks after completion of therapy by an en bloc tumor resection and radical neck dissection. The group treated with irradiation alone received tumor doses in the range of 5,500-6,500 rads in six weeks. No significant difference was noted in the survival yielded by either treatment modality. Both treatment modalities were equally effective in controlling the tumor in the metastatic ipsilateral lymph nodes. In selected cases, a combination of both modalitites may offer better results, but this remains to be proved.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗