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Biomedical subjects

L Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to L Thompson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Social factors associated with behavioral problems in children with asthma.

The objective of this study was to describe the proportion of children with a behavior problem and examine which independent variables are associated with the presence of a behavior problem in a group of 392 inner-city children with asthma. Data on child asthma symptoms, medication use, health-care utilization, and school absences were obtained from the parent during a structured telephone interview. Included in the interview was a measure of behavior problems and social support questions. Children classified with a high level of asthma symptoms were more than twice as likely to experience a behavior problem than children classified with a low level of asthma symptoms (P = 0.002). Use of theophylline medication was not correlated with behavior problems (P = 0.45). Significant variables were low level of social support and high or moderate level of asthma symptoms. We have identified a group of children at risk for behavior problems, specifically in families that lack adequate social and financial resources.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1995

[Primary HIV infection. Clinical and serologic characteristics].

An acute clinical picture of variable intensity may occur during the initial primary phase of HIV infection, it may however pass unnoticed. We report 12 seronegative subjects (11 male homosexuals, 1 female heterosexual, aged 18 to 44 years old), that presented an acute clinical picture preceding seroconversion. All had a sudden beginning, resembling an acute mononucleosis in 10 and with an aseptic meningitis in two. Intensity and duration were variable, lasting a mean of 14 (range 5-44) days an remaining asymptomatic thereafter. Most patients presented a discrete leukopenia with lymphopenia at the expense of CD4 lymphocytes, followed by an absolute lymphocytosis in some, with an increase in CD8 lymphocytes. All became positive for HIV; circulating HIV antigen was identified in three and IgM anti-HIV antibodies were detected during the symptomatic period by third generation ELISA in other three. It is concluded that the clinical picture of primary HIV infection has identifiable clinical serological and immunological features and its recognition has diagnostic and preventive implications.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1995

Pregnant women and smoking.

One study estimates that smoking cessation programs for pregnant women could prevent several thousand low birthweight babies and save numerous lives each year. Cessation must be encouraged and supported at any point during pregnancy.

Canada↗
PubMed1995

Families' perceptions of their resources for caring for children with developmental disabilities.

Factors related to families' perceptions of internal resources when raising children with developmental disabilities were examined. Families enrolled in a Cash Subsidy Program were surveyed about their resources, use of services, and helpfulness of social supports. Parents saw their basic resources for daily life as adequate. However, they reported that their time, discretionary money, and child-care resources were not adequate for caring for their children. Helpfulness of social supports, the children's characteristics, and income were related to perception of resource adequacy. Findings suggest that support services must be flexible in the types and amounts of services provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Preventing pulmonary hypertensive crisis in the pediatric patient after cardiac surgery.

Pulmonary hypertension is seen in infants and young children who have congenital heart defects resulting in excess pulmonary blood flow. The critical care nurse can implement several interventions in the immediate postoperative period to help prevent the potentially lethal complication of pulmonary hypertensive crisis in a cardiac surgery patient. Respiratory interventions include hyperventilation, maintaining an alkalotic pH, supplemental oxygen, and low positive end-expiratory pressure. In addition, the nurse must consider the serum potassium, hematocrit, and patient temperature, and administer appropriate medications.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1995

[Fluconazole in treatment of urinary candidiasis. Experience with 24 patients].

Since fluconazole achieves high urine concentrations, we assessed its usefulness in the treatment of urinary candidiasis. We studied 24 patients (8 male) aged 23 to 97 years old, that presented pyuria with a negative urine culture for bacteria and fungal colony counts in urine of 10(4) CFU/ml or more. Isolated strains were Candida albicans in 20 cases, Candida kefyr in one case, Candida glabrata in one case and Candida spp in two cases. All patients were treated with fluconazole in doses of 50 to 100 mg/day for 2 to 4 weeks. The fungus was eradicated in 21 patients (88%), the infection persisted in two (8.5%) and one had a relapse (4.2%). Two patients had transient elevations of transaminases, one had abdominal pain and one, a purpuric syndrome without thrombocytopenia in whom the drug was discontinued. It is concluded that fluconazole is efficacious and safe in the treatment of urinary candidiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

2D and 3D high resolution gradient echo functional imaging of the brain: venous contributions to signal in motor cortex studies.

Recent emphasis on high resolution gradient echo studies in functional imaging has led to the conclusion that there are likely three domains of response to the blood circulation in the brain when considering field inhomogeneity effects of the venous blood pre- and during activation. The first is a coherent effect due to large or macroscopic vessels on the order of the size of the voxel (ca 200-500 microns in most studies). These can lead to very large signal changes (up to 100%). The second is at the venule level (ca 50-200 microns) and is associated with smaller parenchymal changes (usually ca 10% or less). The third is at the capillary level and is associated with much smaller signal changes at 1.5 T and even up to 4 T. The actual signal changes depend on field strength and sequence design. In this paper, we present our experience in detecting the first two domains with 2D and 3D gradient echo imaging at 1.5 T. We find that high resolution enables visualization of the larger small veins in motor cortex studies and that, on occasion, it is possible to see the venule effects as well. We suggest a simple model to explain the large signal changes based on susceptibility changes and partial volume effects. Comparisons of the functional imaging data to this model and to MR angiographic studies are also shown as evidence of the venous sources of the susceptibility changes.

Brain↗
PubMed1994

Clinical pharmacology and tissue disposition studies of 131I-labeled anticolorectal carcinoma human monoclonal antibody LiCO 16.88.

Antibody LiCO 16.88 is a human IgM recognizing a 30- to 45-kDa intracytoplasmic antigen present in human adenocarcinoma cells. An 8-mg sample of antibody labeled with 5 mCi 131I was co-administered i.v. with 120 mg (three patients), 240 mg (three patients) or 480 mg (four patients) unlabeled antibody as a 4-h infusion. The plasma half-life was 24 +/- 1.2 h and the immediate apparent volume of distribution was 5.2 +/- 0.2 l at the 28-mg dose level. The plasma half-lives and the cumulative urinary excretion of radiolabel did not seem to vary significantly with increasing doses of unlabeled antibody. However, both the volume of distribution and the clearance rate from plasma increased significantly with increasing antibody dose. Uptake of antibody into tumor tissues obtained during laparotomy 8-9 days after administration varied between 0.00002% ID/g and 0.00127% ID/g. In five of seven patients, the tumor content of antibody was higher than that in adjacent normal tissue. Tumor-to-normal tissue ratios ranged from 0.8 to 10 (mean = 3.8 +/- 1.0). In general, the higher radioactivity(cpm)/g tumor was confirmed by both immunoperoxidase and autoradiography. Antibody 16.88 localizes in tumors after administration and may be considered for use in radioimmunotherapy trials.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

Patient satisfaction with an antepartum home-care program.

Evaluation of patient satisfaction with alternative health-care delivery models is an important component of program evaluation. Patient satisfaction occurs when there is congruence between expected care and the care received. This descriptive study investigated patient satisfaction with the Antepartum Home Care Program in Winnipeg, Canada. A convenience sample of 66 pregnant women completed the Antepartum Home Care Program Evaluation Questionnaire. Most respondents were very satisfied with the physical and emotional care they received at home, including the information they received. Ninety-eight percent of the women indicated that the care they received from the program met their expectations. Being able to receive care at home, rather than in the hospital, was the most frequently identified benefit of the Antepartum Home Care Program. These results will assist program planners with decisions concerning program improvements and growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of Helicobacter pylori: a possible explanation of the effect of diet on peptic ulceration.

Diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids may protect against duodenal ulcer, possibly through inhibiting the growth of Helicobacter pylori. This hypothesis was tested in vitro by incubating H pylori microaerophilically with a range of polyunsaturated fatty acids. omega-3 Linolenic acid significantly, but reversibly, inhibited growth at 1.8, 2.5, and 5 x 10(-4) M (p < 0.01), while concentrations of 10(-3) M killed virtually all organisms, with cell lysis observed by electron microscopy. Similar inhibitory effects were seen with other polyunsaturated fatty acids, at concentrations of 2.5 x 10(-4) M the relative inhibitory potencies were oleic (C18:1) < linoleic (C18:2) < arachidonic (C20:4) < omega-3 linolenic (C18:3) = omega-6 linolenic (C18:3) = eicosapentanoic (C20:5) acid. Cell fractionation studies with 14C labelled linolenic acid showed that the linolenic acid was associated with the membrane fraction. Commonly ingested dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit the growth of H pylori in vitro, an effect which deserves further in vivo study.

Diet↗
PubMed1994

Use of community health workers with inner-city children who have asthma.

Use of community health workers (CHWs) to obtain health, social, and environmental information from African-American inner-city children with asthma was one component of a larger intervention study designed to reduce morbidity in African-American children with asthma. A subset of 140 school-aged children with asthma was recruited and enrolled in a program to receive home visits by CHWs for the purposes of obtaining medical information and teaching basic asthma education to the families. Data obtained by the CHWs revealed low inhaled steroid use, high beta 2 agonist use, frequent emergency-room visits, decreased primary-care visits, and increased allergen and irritant exposure. Appropriately recruited and trained CHWs are effective in obtaining useful medical information from inner-city families with children with asthma and providing basic asthma education in the home.

Asthma↗
PubMed1994

Conflicting values.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1994

Nursing case management: affecting quality and cost.

North Mississippi Health Services' nursing case management program has been deemed a success by all parties involved, especially the patients. High-risk patients with specific chronic health problems receive an enhanced level of care and experience significant reductions in cost, length of stay, and repeat hospitalizations. Quality of life for many of these patients is also improved. These outcomes are made possible by assigning a registered nurse to case manage or coordinate care for these patients.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1994

Food security: what the community wants. Learning through focus groups.

We used focus groups to learn the range of issues threatening food security of low income residents in our community. Five major themes emerged from the discussions: literacy, money, time, mental health and self-esteem, suggesting several approaches that could help ensure food security: 1) education, 2) sharing of resources, 3) coalition building, and 4) advocacy. Education programs have to be practical, allowing for demonstrations and hands-on learning while emphasizing skill building and problem solving. Incorporating a social aspect into learning may compensate for the social isolation and would capitalize on the impressive mutual support we witnessed. Strategies based on self-help and peer assistance may counteract low self-esteem and overcome suspicion of health professionals. A community-wide effort is needed to address the factors contributing to food insecurity. We envision the formation of a coalition of professionals, agencies, and low income people to develop a comprehensive strategy for achieving food security.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed1994

[Isolation of several species of the genus Aspergillus from soil of intrahospital ornamental plants].

The earth of ornamental plants is one of the main reservoirs of Aspergillus type of fungi in hospital areas. We studied 174 ornamental interior plants from a hospital at Santiago. Samples were obtained from the soil surface and sowed in Sabouraud-glucose agar, adding streptomycin and G-penicillin. After 72 h of culture, at least one strain of Aspergillus was isolated from 140 samples (80.5%). The most frequently isolated strain was A fumigatus (129 samples), followed by A niger (75 samples). A fumigatus and A niger were the only isolated strains in 65 and 11 samples respectively. These findings confirm that ornamental plants can be important reservoirs of Aspergillus strains, a potential infectious agent for immunocompromised patients, in hospital areas.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1994

[Neurosyphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)infection. Experience with 6 cases].

HIV infected population has a higher incidence of syphilis, being this an independent risk factor for HIV infection. We report 88 HIV infected patients seen during the last three years. Fourteen (16%) had reactive serum VDRL and FTA-ABS and neurosyphilis was diagnosed in six (6.8%). Three had a treponemal uveitis-retinitis, one a meningovascular syphilis and one a secondary syphilis with meningeal and otological involvement. Patients were treated with penicillin 20 million UI/day for 14 days with good clinical and laboratory response and CSF normalization in those subjected to a second lumbar puncture. It is concluded that neurosyphilis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological complications of HIV infections.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗