Where is the simple idea that will make us care about the elderly.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
L Thomas
Publications and source records attributed to L Thomas.
Nurse adviser, Society of Geriatric Nursing, discusses middle age. I'm on the brink of the time of my life.
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Female↗
Constant noise can dull positive patient communication. Perpetual tv and radio could harm health. Interview by Steve Ellis.
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Aged↗
Evaluation of the role of prostaglandins E and F in human cholecystitis.
The role of chemical mediation by arachidonic acid metabolites of inflammation in human cholecystitis was evaluated by comparing gallbladder PGE and PGF formation to the degree of inflammation present. Twenty-five human gallbladders containing stones were operatively removed. A strip of fundus was used for histologic evaluation. In a blinded fashion, three pathologists quantitated the amount of inflammation present using a histologic scoring system. Gallbladder mucosal cells were separated from muscle wall by submucosal injection of EDTA and shaking in tissue culture media. Separated mucosal cells and finely minced muscle wall were maintained in tissue culture medium for 3 hours. Hourly PGE and PGF levels in media (extracellular) and mucosal cell and muscle tissue homogenate (intracellular) PGE and PGF concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. PGE production increased by both mucosal cell and muscle tissue with increasing inflammation. A significant positive linear correlation existed between the histologic score of inflammation and PGE production by gallbladder mucosal cells and muscle tissue. No correlation existed between the amount of inflammation present and PGF production by mucosal cells or muscle tissue. The results demonstrate an increase in PGE production by human gallbladder tissue with increasing inflammation and suggest that arachidonic acid metabolites may be important mediators of the inflammatory process in human cholecystitis.
Adult↗
Ankle and subtalar motion during gait in arthritic patients.
The purposes of this study were 1) to document ankle and subtalar motion during gait in 20 healthy subjects and in 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 2) to determine stride characteristics with and without the use of an extended University of California Biomechanics Laboratory orthosis in RA patients with painful ankle and hindfoot deformity. An insole foot-switch system and ankle and subtalar electrogoniometers measured stride characteristics and dynamic range of motion (ROM). Arthritic patients demonstrated less ROM than healthy subjects except for ROM of hindfoot valgus. Arthritic patients also had slower gait velocity and less single limb support (SLS) time. In five new and five current orthotic wearers, a significant increase (p less than .01) in velocity and SLS time occurred with shoes and a further significant increase (p less than .01) occurred with the orthosis. Nine of 10 patients reported a decrease in ankle and hindfoot pain after using the orthosis. This study demonstrates the value of an orthosis for the treatment of arthritic patients with ankle and hindfoot pain and deformity.
Adult↗
Efficacy of bromocriptine versus breast binders as inhibitors of postpartum lactation.
Fifty postpartum patients were randomly given either bromocriptine (2.5 mg by mouth b.i.d. X 30 doses) or breast binders for inhibiting lactation. The breast binder group had a high incidence of symptoms (breast pain, engorgement, secretion) for the first week postpartum; these symptoms rapidly decreased by the second week. Bromocriptine successfully suppressed the breast problems in virtually all of the patients who took the drug correctly. Because of the high rate of side effects and a significant incidence of "rebound," the dosage of bromocriptine should probably be changed, and we recommend a revised dosage.
Adolescent↗
Effect of HEPES buffer on corneal storage in MK medium.
Rabbit corneas were stored for 7 days in either MK medium containing gentamicin or modified MK medium containing HEPES buffer, gentamicin and phenol red. Corneas stored for 7 days in modified MK medium were thicker than corneas stored in MK medium. Corneal endothelial permeability to inulin and dextran was similar following 7 days of storage in either solution. Transmission electron microscopy of corneal endothelial cells stored in either solution showed intact cell membranes and organelles. In vitro perfusion of rabbit corneas in the specular microscope with Krebs Ringer bicarbonate containing HEPES buffer swelled at 17 +/- 1 micron/h, whereas those perfused with Krebs Ringer bicarbonate alone swelled at 7 +/- micron/h. Perfusion with Krebs Ringer bicarbonate containing phenol red did not result in an increased corneal swelling rate. The work indicates that HEPES buffer has an adverse effect on corneal endothelial pumping function, and this results in corneal swelling during storage as well as during perfusion in the specular microscope. The adverse effect appears to be, at least in part, transient: however, the ultimate, long term effect of HEPES buffer on corneas stored prior to penetrating keratoplasty is not known and deserves continued investigation.
Animals↗
Relative roles of insulin clearance and insulin sensitivity in the prebreakfast increase in insulin requirements in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
During continuous subcutaneous or intravenous insulin infusion therapy, many patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) require more insulin in the prebreakfast period (0600-0800 h) than earlier in the morning (0100-0300 h). This study was designed to assess whether variations in insulin clearance or insulin sensitivity might contribute to overnight variations in insulin requirements. Euglycemic insulin clamp studies were performed in random sequence from 2400 to 0300 h and from 0500 to 0800 h on successive nights in 10 subjects with IDD. Insulin was infused at a rate of 40 mU/min/m2 and plasma glucose concentration was maintained at 100 mg/dl by a variable rate glucose infusion from a Biostator GCIIS (Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, Indiana). Insulin clearance was (mean +/- SEM) 277 +/- 41 ml/min/m2 between 0700 and 0800 h compared with 256 +/- 41 ml/min/m2 between 0200 and 0300 h (P less than 0.05), while glucose infusion rates were the same [3.86 +/- 0.52 mg/kg/min from 0730 to 0800 h versus 3.99 +/- 0.51 mg/kg/min from 0230 to 0300 h (P = NS)]. All eight patients with a previously documented prebreakfast increase in insulin requirements had higher insulin clearance at this time. These results indicate that differences in insulin clearance between the prebreakfast period and the early morning may account partially for the higher prebreakfast insulin requirements in some subjects with IDD, and the variations in insulin requirements during the night are not due to variations in insulin sensitivity.
Adult↗
Chemosensory identity of H-2 heterozygotes.
Mice can recognize the H-2 haplotypes of other mice by scent, and mice show mating preferences for partners of one H-2 type rather than another, usually for partners of an H-2 type different from their own. This olfactory sensing of H-2 odor phenotypes can favor particular H-2 types and promote H-2 diversity, at least under laboratory conditions. This is one reason why we wished to know whether the odor phenotypes of H-2 heterozygotes have distinctive features due to H-2 heterozygosity per se, because such differences could be a further vehicle for reproductive preferences promoting diversity of H-2. A more general reason for interest in the chemosensory individuality of H-2 heterozygotes is that this may shed light on the physical constitution of H-2-related odor phenotypes. The question addressed in this report is whether mice can distinguish the scent of an H-2 heterozygote from the combined scents of the constituent H-2 homozygotes. As in previous studies, the test system employed was the Y maze, in which mice are trained by water deprivation and reward to distinguish the scents of urine samples from alternative panels of donor mice. The critical distinction of the scent of heterozygotes from the combined scents of constituent homozygotes was tested by the transfer-of-training procedure, in which coded urine samples are presented to the trained mice without reward.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Hydrogen peroxide-mediated corneal endothelial damage. Induction by oxygen free radical.
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other inflammatory cells release superoxide anion and additional oxidant species following stimulation. Corneal endothelial cells were exposed to a flux of chemically generated superoxide anion (oxygen-free radical) produced by the combination of 1 mM hypoxanthine and 0.06 U/ml xanthine oxidase. Exposure of endothelial cells to the combination of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase resulted in anatomic disruption of the cells with interference in the function of endothelial water movement and resultant swelling of the corneal stroma. Catalase reduced the corneal swelling caused by exposure of endothelium to the oxygen-free radical generating system, whereas superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, D-mannitol, and ethanol did not prevent damage. The data suggest that hydrogen peroxide produced during the dismutation reaction of the superoxide anion is one of the toxic species, whereas the superoxide anion itself and the hydroxyl-free radical probably do not participate. The data suggest that corneal endothelial cells are susceptible to physiologic and anatomic damage induced by the products of reactive oxygen species, which, from previous studies, are known to be generated by inflammatory cells. The development of therapeutic modalities directed at the prevention of damage produced by hydrogen peroxide and other oxidant species may be of benefit in reducing corneal endothelial cell damage secondary to ocular inflammatory disease processes.
Animals↗
Recognition of H-2 types in relation to the blocking of pregnancy in mice.
Inbred BALB/c females were mated and subsequently exposed in a divided cage to "stimulus" males or females whose H-2 type was similar or dissimilar to the stud male's. The incidence of pregnancy blocking was considerably higher when stud and stimulus males differed in H-2 type than when they did not. Similar results were obtained with urine samples of H-2 identical and nonidentical males. Females exposed after mating to other females whose H-2 type differed from the stud male, under the same experimental conditions, also showed an appreciable incidence of pregnancy block. It is therefore concluded that chemosensory recognition of H-2 types affects the reproductive hormonal status of the pregnant female.
Animals↗
Nurses: the most human of professionals.
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Interprofessional Relations↗
Calcific salpingitis associated with intrauterine pregnancy.
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Adult↗
Comparative cost of walking in young and old adults.
Normative data that summarize the energy requirements and gait characteristics of level outdoor walking were determined in 111 normal subjects between the ages of 20 and 80 years. Subjects were divided into two age groups: young adults (20-59 years) and senior subjects (60-80 years). The mean rate of oxygen consumption for young adults and senior subjects did not significantly differ, averaging 11.9 ml/kg-min for both groups. The data on heart rate paralleled the findings on oxygen consumption, averaging 100 and 103 beats/min, respectively. The net oxygen cost per meter walked for senior subjects, 0.16 ml/kg-m, was significantly greater (p less than 0.0005) than the value for young adults, 0.15 ml/kg-m, due to a decline in the average walking speed. The average gait velocity for senior subjects, 73 m/min, was statistically significantly less (p less than 0.0005) than the values for the younger adults, 80 m/min.
Adult↗
Granular cell tumor of the bronchus coexisting with a bronchogenic adenocarcinoma: a case report.
A case of endobronchial granular cell tumor and an adenocarcinoma in the same lobe of the lung are presented. A review of the literature documents 2 cases where there was coexistence of a bronchogenic carcinoma and a granular cell tumor. The different theories regarding the origin of granular cell tumors are considered. The treatment of choice would be that indicated for the carcinoma irrespective of the granular cell tumor.
Adenocarcinoma↗