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Biomedical subjects

L Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to L Taylor.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Practice what we preach? HIV knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors of adolescents and adolescent peer educators.

The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the knowledge, beliefs, and sexual behaviors of urban adolescents and adolescent peer educators, and (b) identify elements needed to design effective HIV/AIDS prevention programs for out-of-school youth. Thirty-three predominantly African American adolescents (female = 14; male = 19) between the ages of 14 and 24 in a large urban city including adolescent (n = 18) and adolescent peer educators (n = 15) participated. Paper-and-pencil questionnaire and focus-group interviewing methods were used. Adolescents and adolescent peer educators had a moderately high level of HIV knowledge, confidence in their ability to use condoms, and beliefs that condom use would not decrease sexual pleasure or imply infidelity. Both groups reported low perceptions of susceptibility of HIV infection. Engagement in sexual risk behavior was low, but was significantly higher among males. Although adolescent male peer educators engaged in a higher frequency of risk behaviors over time, they had a lower frequency of sexual risk behaviors in the past 2 months compared with male adolescents. Study findings showed that HIV prevention interventions need to include information about specific risk behaviors, such as using condoms for oral sex, and cleaning drug paraphernalia. Community-based and church programs, visible HIV prevention messages, specifically those aimed at increasing perceptions of HIV risk, and the development of condom-use skills were identified by adolescents and adolescent peer educators as relevant approaches to reduce HIV infection among this population.

Adolescent↗
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Time-series designs in clinical nursing research: human issues.

Prospective time-series research methods require substantially greater commitment and effort from both subjects and investigators compared to designs that involve one-time data collection. Human issues such as retention, confidentiality, burnout, and clinician-researcher role conflict have not been adequately addressed in existing literature on time-series methodology. To maintain the scientific integrity of a time-series design and minimize unnecessary costs associated with subject and staff attrition, these issues should not be overlooked.

Adult↗
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Perceptions of control at school among students in special education programs.

Data are reported on special and regular education students' perceptions of control at school and the importance to the students of having such control. For both special and regular education populations, comparisons were made between students enrolled in experimental and nonexperimental programs. Findings indicate comparability among the four groups with regard to areas in which control is valued. Perceptions of control at school for those in the standard special education group were lower than the ratings of regular education students and lower than those given by special education students in the experimental program.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluating the Pegasus Trinova: a data hierarchy approach.

Understanding the efficacy of patient support surfaces is essential if pressure sore management is to be both efficient and effective. However, laboratory and clinical studies in this area are fraught with well recognized problems. This investigation reports a combination of laboratory, randomized controlled trial (efficacy data) and measures of effectiveness to illustrate the beneficial role of a new dynamic integrated mattress and seat cushion system: the Pegasus Trinova. Successful prevention of sores among a vulnerable patient population, along with positive comments regarding the system's comfort and 'user-friendliness' are supported by laboratory measures of interface pressure to provide a hierarchy of data. Such an approach may present one solution to the lack of timeliness of most mattress clinical trials, thus allowing decisions regarding new support surfaces to be made upon the basis of evidence, not on anecdote or solely upon marketing claims.

Beds↗
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Bedside capillary glucose monitoring in the general hospital.

We assessed the accuracy and reliability of capillary glucose monitoring (CGM) for 20 hospitalized patients as an alternative to repeated venipunctures for laboratory blood glucose (LBG) determination. A total of 330 pairs of observations was obtained. Pearson correlation between patient estimates using Chemstrip bG and the laboratory glucose-oxidase method was 0.87. The mean LBG determination was 197 +/- 5 mg/dl compared with 176.4 +/- 4.3 mg/dl for patient CGM estimates. The mean deviation was 17.6 +/- 2.9 mg/dl or 8.9%, which is well within the 20% range that is generally accepted as sufficiently accurate. Certain individual patients may require relatively more instruction and supervision to reliably carry out these measurements. These patients may represent 10-25% of all diabetic patients. Neither age nor years of schooling is a useful index to identify these patients. Therefore, we suggest as a routine that 10 or more CGM be checked against simultaneous LBG to confirm accuracy before relying on bedside CGM estimates alone in managing the hospitalized patient. Patients who can carry out CGM accurately may be managed with CGM alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anthrax the facts.

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Anthrax↗
PubMedDate not supplied

p53 as a prognostic factor for stage III serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary.

Expression of mutant p53 in 19 patients with stage III moderately differentiated serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary, who all had optimal primary cytoreductive surgery and six cycles of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide was analyzed to determine its prognostic significance. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 48 months. Immunohistochemical analysis for mutant p53 was by means of monoclonal antibody DO7 and Pab240. Mean survival for patients expressing mutant p53 was 44 months and 117 months for those not expressing mutant p53. In our study, expression of mutant p53 proved to be a statistically adverse prognostic factor (p = 0.029).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination of urea in water-soluble urea-formaldehyde fertilizer products and in aqueous urea solutions: collaborative study.

Water soluble urea-formaldehyde (UF) fertilizers, manufactured by complex reaction of urea and formaldehyde, typically contain varying amounts of unreacted urea. A liquid chromatography method for the analysis of urea in these products, and in aqueous urea solutions, was collaboratively studied. An amine chromatography column was used to separate the unreacted urea from numerous UF reaction products present in these liquid fertilizers. Unreacted urea was determined by using external urea standards with UV detection at 195 nm. The standards and test samples were prepared in the mobile phase of 85% (v/v) acetonitrile in water. Ten laboratories analyzed 5 different UF-based commercial products containing unreacted urea in the range of 6 to 17% by weight, and 5 different concentrations of urea in water equivalent to commercial products of that nature. The aqueous urea solutions contained 2-20% urea (w/w). The range of s(R) values for the 5 UF-based commercial fertilizers was 0.49-1.02 and the %RSD(R) was 1.94-6.14. The s(R) range for the 5 urea solutions was 0.10 to 0.79 and the %RSD(R) range was 2.54 to 4.88. The average recovery of urea from the aqueous urea solutions was 96-103%. Therefore, this method is capable of monitoring urea nitrogen manufacturers' label claims and total nitrogen claims in those cases where urea is the sole source of plant food nitrogen. Based on the collaborative study data, the authors recommend this method be approved for AOAC Official First Action status.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cost of control.

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Cost-Benefit Analysis↗