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Biomedical subjects

L Strauss

Publications and source records attributed to L Strauss.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Osteoblastic metastases from astrocytomas: a report of two cases.

The spread of primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms beyond the confines of the neuraxis is a relatively uncommon observation. Extraneural metastases involving bone are quite rare, and have been observed almost exclusively in cases of medulloblastoma, high-grade (III-IV) astrocytoma, and glioblastoma multiforme. To date there has been only one case reported of bone metastasis from a "well-differentiated" astrocytoma. We now report two cases of astrocytoma in children with diffuse osteoblastic metastases and a fulminant clinical course. These cases demonstrate that due to the potential morphologic heterogeneity of these neoplasms, an initial biopsy diagnosis of low-grade astrocytoma does not always imply a benign clinical course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The value of positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of recurrent rectal cancer].

In 21 patients with clinically suspected recurrent rectal cancer showing a mass in the pelvic CT scan, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was performed to measure metabolic rate of the mass. In 13 of the 21 patients an increased F-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the suspect tissue could be found. All of these patients were proven to suffer recurrent cancer by biopsy. 8 of the 21 patients showed normal uptake and 7 of them revealed scar tissue by histology. Therefore PET could distinguish clearly between cancer and scar tissue.

Deoxyglucose↗
PubMed1986

Bronchopleural fistula in a neonate.

Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) produced by endotracheal suction catheter is a known cause of persistent pneumothorax in preterm infants in intensive care nurseries. This report describes the pulmonary pathology of a neonate who had sustained this injury. The observation suggests that the abnormal airflow results in severe damage of the involved lobe and an unusually mild bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the rest of the lung. This is in agreement with the fact that BPF acts as the path of least resistance for the oxygen-rich air from the ventilator.

Bronchial Fistula↗
PubMed1986

123I-N-isopropyl-amphetamine single photon emission computed tomography as a brain imaging technique in dementia.

Because of its binding to specific cerebral amine receptor sites 123I-N-isopropyl-amphetamine (IMP) tracer activity can be used as a measure for the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the human brain. In 21 psychiatric in-patients an IMP perfusion study was performed using a rotating gamma camera system. The findings at single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were compared with different clinical parameters including conventional transmission computed tomography. In SPECT, two different patterns of decrease in IMP uptake could be identified. In patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease SPECT showed asymmetrical, multifocal microcirculatory defects without preference for either hemisphere. In patients with suggested Alzheimer type dementia the perfusion deficits involved the gray and white matter of the parieto-occipital lobes in a bilaterally symmetrical mode with variable extension. Thus, by using IMP-SPECT, it was possible to define the underlying pathologic condition in dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hallucinogenic amphetamine selectively destroys brain serotonin nerve terminals.

(+/-)-3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), an amphetamine analog with hallucinogenic activity, produced selective long-lasting reductions in the level of serotonin, the number of serotonin uptake sites, and the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rat brain. Morphological studies suggested that these neurochemical deficits were due to serotonin nerve terminal degeneration. These results show that MDA has toxic activity for serotonin neurons in rats and raise the question of whether exposure to MDA and related hallucinogenic amphetamines can produce serotonin neurotoxicity in the human brain.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗
PubMed1985

[1 year's experience with a 57-cm image intensifier in a universal roentgen work station].

3342 patients were examined by means of a 57 cm image intensifier during one year. The installation permits examination with the patient standing or lying. The resolution was measured with a lead grid under conditions resembling actual practice and were found to be similar to those obtained with angiographic equipment. Using a medium format technique for examining the gut and vascular system resulted in radiographic quality which was not significantly different from the use of a large format technique. For examination of the skeleton, radiographic quality, using the intensifier, was markedly poorer than that resulting from Bucky examinations. There was no diagnostic difference when carrying out lymphograms. The large intensifier window of 53 cm was particularly advantageous for DSA of the pelvic and lower limb vessels when compared with smaller intensifiers. Possible savings of film and contrast medium costs are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Use of lectins in the study of histogenesis of renal cysts.

Two peroxidase-labeled lectins, from Tetragonolobus lotus and from peanut (Arachis hypogaea), were used in the study of five cases of polycystic kidney of different types. The two lectins bind with high selectivity of proximal tubules and collecting ducts, respectively. It was found that in infantile polycystic kidneys the cyst walls consistently stained with peanut lectin but not with Tetragonolobus lectin, confirming their origin from collecting ducts only. In adult polycystic kidneys there was mixture of two types of cysts: one positive for peanut, the other positive for Tetragonolobus. The two lectins were, however, mutually exclusive. Moreover, some cysts did not stain for either lectin. The findings suggest that in this type of disease a cyst can originate from any portion of the nephron. The data are also consistent with reports in the literature which used microdissection techniques or chemical analysis of the cyst content. The use of lectins will probably be useful in investigating other types of cystic kidneys, such as dysplastic kidneys and experimental models. The technique is relatively easy to use, but must be applied under strictly controlled conditions, especially when using surgical or postmortem material.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Tumor infiltration of the bone marrow: comparative study using computed tomography.

During the past two years five patients with malignant primary bone tumors undergoing amputation or resection of the involved bone had preoperative computed tomography (CT) examination of the medullary cavity. The contralateral extremity was used as a control in all cases. The positive attenuation coefficient of the marrow indicated the extent of tumor infiltration. The correlation between the preoperative CT and pathologic measurement ranged between 1-8 mm, an accuracy greater than 94%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The human fetal heart in the second trimester of gestation: a gross morphometric study of normal fetuses.

One hundred fifty-three midtrimester fetuses obtained from normal pregnancies terminated for nonmedical reasons were studied to establish normal standard measurements. Mean, standard deviation, range, and percentiles of body weight, foot length, crown-rump length, biparietal diameter, cardiac weight, thickness of ventricles, and ventricular septum were derived by computer analysis. Statistical analysis showed no sex difference. Equations for predicting body weight, cardiac weight, and septal thickness were derived with the use of fetal age and biparietal diameter as variables. The mean ratio of septal to left ventricular wall thickness was 1.14 +/- 0.34; a ratio of 1.3 or greater was found in 25% and a ratio of 1.5 or greater in 10% of this cohort. The results are at variance with the reported high incidence of septal hypertrophy seen in normal developing fetal hearts. We suggest that septal hypertrophy, ratio of 1.5 or greater, may reflect disturbances in fetal or placental circulation and warrants careful monitoring of the pregnancy.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1983

Benign glandular inclusions in lymph nodes, endosalpingiosis, and salpingitis isthmica nodosa in a young girl with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix.

A 12-year-old girl underwent radical surgery for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the endocervix. Bilaterally dilated fallopian tubes with hyperplastic mucosal folds and salpingitis isthmica nodosa were found in association with benign glandular inclusions in a para-aortic lymph node and in the serosa of pelvic organs. Changes in the müllerian-derived epithelium appear to be a common denominator of these unusual lesions in this young girl. A primary growth disturbance of the cells of the müllerian system, which was conditioned during embryonic development and manifested itself later in life in response to appropriate stimuli associated with menarche, is postulated as the underlying abnormality.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Histochemical study of Hurler's disease by the use of peroxidase-labelled lectins.

Peroxidase-labelled lectins specific for various carbohydrate residues were used as histochemical reagents in the investigation of Hurler's syndrome. Peanut lectin was used to detect terminal D-galactose, wheatgerm lectin for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, soybean lectin for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, Tetragonolobus lotus lectin for alpha-L-fucose and Bandeiraea S. lectin for alpha-D-galactose. It was found that Kupffer cells in the liver and splenic reticulo-endothelial cells contain acid mucopolysaccharides which bind lectins in paraffin sections after appropriate fixation. The pattern of lectin binding suggests that such cells contain significant amounts of D-galactose, L-fucose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It is likely that the last named carbohydrate is present as a polymer. Neurones contain a different carbohydrate, rich in galactose and fucose but poor in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This compound is resident to lipid extraction. Hepatocytes, as a rule, do not react with lectins, most likely because of loss of the more soluble mucopolysaccharides during fixation. The results are consistent with the biochemical data of Hurler's syndrome and indicate that lectins can be a useful tool for the investigation of the cytochemistry of storage disorders.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Radioisotope therapy of cystic craniopharyngomas.

Eighteen patients suffering from cystic craniopharyngeoma were treated with intracavitary irradiation. The beta-emitting radioisotope 90y (2.25 MeV) was instilled into the cyst following stereotactic puncture of the space-occupying lesion. The surgical approach was planned using angiograms and reconstructed transmission computer tomography (TCT) coronal and saggital sections. Therapy was devised to deliver 20,000 rad to the cyst's wall. Eleven patients received follow-up TCT examinations after four months. Eight of 11 patients had a significant volume decrease in the craniopharyngeoma cyst. In two patients, the cystic volume remained unchanged; one had progression of disease. It is concluded that the intracavitary treatment of cystic craniopharyngeoma will result in a reduction of the size of the space-occupying lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Renovascular hypertension associated with a pelvic kidney and multicystic dysplasia.

We report on a 9-year-old boy with severe hypertension due to a variant of fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal artery supplying a functioning pelvic kidney. The other kidney proved to be a nonfunctioning multicystic remnant and several other congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary tract were present. Corrective vascular surgery was followed by normalization of arterial pressure and significant reduction of plasma renin activity. This is the first case report of renovascular hypertension due to renal artery stenosis in a single functioning pelvic kidney.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗