Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Stern

Publications and source records attributed to L Stern.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Oxygen toxicity in premature infants.

With the current state of our knowledge regarding uses, hazards, and dangers, the cavalier offhanded attitude which in the past has all too frequently characterized oxygen use in the premature is no longer acceptable. Sufficient knowledge and technical expertise now exist in spezialized centers which will allow maximal benefit at minimum risk from oxygen usage. Where such centers are readily accessible, the need for oxygen therapy should be considered as a major criterion for transfer from a lesser to a more sophisticated newborn care unit.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1975

The lack of effect of phototherapy on serum bilirubin-binding capacity in newborn infants.

Using a Sephadex G-25 separation technique, the total bilirubin-binding capacity was measured in 18 jaundiced infants before and after phototherapy. The initial total bilirubin-binding capacity obtained at 20 to 113 hours of age averaged 17.5 +/- 4.4 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) and was unchanged during phototherapy at 34 to 135 hours of age. In ten infants, the total bilirubin-binding capacity was measured before, during, and 24 hours after the cessation of phototherapy. Here too, phototherapy did not significantly influence the TBBC. These data indicate that in vivo, phototherapy does not alter the serum bilirubin binding capacity of newborn infants.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1975

Effect of positive-pressure breathing on aADN2 in hyaline membrane disease.

In seven subjects with hyaline membrane disease and breathing 40-70% oxygen in nitrogen, the effect of continuous positive-pressure breathing (CPPB) was examined by application of a continuous negative pressure (10 cm water) about the thorax and assessment of the alveolar-arterial tension differences for nitrogen (aADn2) and oxygen (AaDo2). On CPPB, there was a decrease in the aADn2 by a mean 9 mmHg and a decrease in the AaDo2 by a mean 44 mmHg. This corresponded to a decrease in the total venous admixture (Qva/Qt) of 0.20 and to a decrease in the venous admixture due to a true right-to-left shunt (Qs/Qt) of 0.19. These data were interpreted to mean a significant improvement in Va/Qc imbalance within open ventilated parts of the lung, which could be responsible, particularly by relief of local alveolar hypoxia, for reduction of the pulmonary vascular resistance and the true right-to-left shunt.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1975

Maternal thyroid status and the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome: evaluation of a proposed relationship.

In order to establish whether maternal thyroid hormones cross the placenta and produce surfactant in the fetus, possibly reducing the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDD), a retrospective analysis of low-birthweight infants was undertaken. Results indicate that maternal thyroid hormones play a negligible role and that any thyroid mediation would result from fetal thyroid activity.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1975

Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in the human neonate: formation of acetaminophen glucuronide and sulfate in relation to plasma bilirubin concentration and D-glucaric acid excretion.

The purpose of this study was to determine if certain physiologic parameters (plasma bilirubin concentration and urinary excretion rate of D-glucaric acid) can be used to predict a newborn infant's ability to eliminate a phenolic drug, and particularly to predict the ability to conjugate that drug with glucuronic acid. Tweleve healthy 2- to 3-day-old full-term infants with plasma bilirubin concentrations of 1.0 to 11.6 mg/100 ml and D-glucaric acid excretion rates of 0.131 to 0.345 mg/kg/day received a single oral dose of acetaminophen, 12 mg/kg. Urine was collected serially for 48 hours and analyzed for acetaminophen, acetaminophen glucuronide, acetaminophen sulfate, and D-glucaric acid. The biologic half-life of acetaminophen was 3.5 plus or minus 0.85 hours (average plus or minus SD) as compared to average values of 1.9 to 2.2 hours observed in five reported studies on a total of 39 adults. The rate constant for acetaminophen glucuronide formation in neonates was considerably smaller, on the average, than in adults but the average rate constant for acetaminophen sulfate formation was somewhat larger than in adults. There is not statistically significant colucaric acid excretion. The results of this study suggest that the limited ability of neonates to conjugate phenolic drugs with glucuronic acid is compensated to a degree by a well-developed capability for sulfate conjugation.

Acetaminophen↗