We can say yes to sexuality no to unplanned pregnancy, exploitation, std's.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
L Smith
Publications and source records attributed to L Smith.
A critique of family-focused tertiary prevention with the adolescent mother and her child.
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Adaptation, Psychological↗
Isolation of four forms of acetone-induced cytochrome P-450 in chicken liver by h.p.l.c. and their enzymic characterization.
The purpose of this study was to purify and characterize the forms of cytochrome P-450 induced in chicken liver by acetone or ethanol. Using high performance liquid ion-exchange chromatography, we were able to isolate at least four different forms of cytochrome P-450 which were induced by acetone in chicken liver. All four forms of cytochrome P-450 proved to be distinct proteins, as indicated by their N-terminal amino acid sequences and their reconstituted catalytic activities. Two of these forms, also induced by glutethimide in chicken embryo liver, appeared to be cytochromes P450IIH1 and P450IIH2. Both of these cytochromes P-450 have identical catalytic activities towards benzphetamine demethylation. However, they differ in their abilities to hydroxylate p-nitrophenol and to convert acetaminophen into a metabolite that forms a covalent adduct with glutathione at the 3-position. Another form of cytochrome P-450 induced by acetone is highly active in the hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol and in the conversion of acetaminophen to a reactive metabolite, similar to reactions catalysed by mammalian cytochrome P450IIE. Yet the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this form has only 30-33% similarity with cytochrome P450IIE purified from rat, rabbit and human livers. A fourth form of cytochrome P-450 was identified whose N-terminal amino acid sequence and enzymic activities do not correspond to any mammalian cytochromes P-450 reported to be induced by acetone or ethanol.
Acetaminophen↗
Adhesion to laminin and expression of laminin in clonally related transformed and control sublines from an alveolar epithelial cell strain.
Clonally related sublines of the NAL1A cell strain were used to examine the expression of laminin and the importance for the attachment and morphology of these control and spontaneously transformed alveolar epithelial cells. A laminin component was detected by immunoblot analysis in extracts of control cells cultured on plastic as a Mr 410,000 species consisting of disulfide-linked Mr 200,000 components. The laminin content of the malignant cells was reduced at least 40-fold as compared to that of the control cells. Cell attachment to laminin or to a laminin-like neurite promotion factor was compared with attachment to fibronectin and to extracellular matrix from bovine endothelial cells. Both control and transformed cells attached as well to laminin or neurite promotion factor as to fibronectin, in a serum-free adhesion assay. The control cells showed enhanced cell spreading on the surfaces coated with laminin, neurite promotion factor, or fibronectin. The transformed cells had very similar cell shape, as determined by phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy, when cultured on laminin or neurite promotion factor or fibronectin, as on tissue culture plastic.
Animals↗
Conduct unbecoming a consultant.
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Clinical Competence↗
Defective processing and presentation of exogenous antigens in mutants with normal HLA class II genes.
Presentation of an exogenous protein antigen to helper (CD4+)T-lymphocytes by antigen presenting cells (APC) generally requires that the APCs degrade the native protein antigen into an immunogenic peptide, a process termed 'antigen processing', and that this peptide bind to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule. The complex of peptide and MHC molecule on the APC surface provides the stimulatory ligand for the alpha beta T cell receptor. The intracellular pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of the peptide-MHC complex are not well understood. Here, we describe several mutant APCs which are altered in their ability to present native exogenous protein antigens but effectively present immunogenic peptides derived from these proteins. The lesions in these mutants are not in the class II structural genes, but they affect the conformation of mature class II dimers.
Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
Rearrangement and expression of p53 in the chronic phase and blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
We tested a population of over 60 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) for changes in the structure and expression of the p53 gene, which is located on chromosome 17. Six of 27 (22%) blast crisis samples and 3 of 5 (60%) accelerated phase samples had rearrangements of chromosome 17, whereas only 3 of 42 (7%) chronic phase patients had cytogenetic changes in chromosome 17. There was no loss of heterozygosity during the transition to blastic crisis among seven individuals who were informative for polymorphic probes for regions in or around the p53 gene on 17p. One patient in the chronic phase and one patient in the blastic phase of the 61 CML patients studied exhibited rearrangements of the p53 gene that were detectable by Southern analysis. One p53 allele was rearranged in the chronic phase patient and both p53 alleles were rearranged in the blastic phase patient. The p53 messenger RNA (mRNA) was of normal size (2.8 kb) in chronic phase and blast crisis, and the expression of the p53 gene was at least as high or higher in blast crisis as in the chronic phase of CML. The high incidence of abnormalities of chromosome 17 in blast-crisis CML found in our studies and the discovery of rearrangements of the p53 gene in two CML patients studied suggest that further study with probes for the p53 gene and anonymous polymorphic sites in chromosome 17 should be conducted in CML.
Blast Crisis↗
The synthesis and secretion of collagen by cultured sea urchin micromeres.
Circumstantial evidence in several previous studies has suggested that sea urchin embryo micromeres, the source of primary mesenchyme cells which produce the embryonic skeleton, contribute to the extracellular matrix of the embryo by synthesizing collagen. A direct test of this possibility was carried out by culturing isolated micromeres of the sea urchin Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus in artificial sea water containing 4% (v/v) horse serum. Under these conditions the micromeres divide and differentiate to produce spicules with the same timing as intact embryos. Collagen synthesis was determined by labeling cultures with [3H]proline or [35S]methionine and the medium and cell layer were assayed for collagen. The results indicate that by the second day in culture micromeres synthesize and secrete a collagenase-sensitive protein doublet with a molecular weight of about 210 kDa. Densitometry indicates a 2:1 ratio of the respective bands in the doublet which is characteristic of Type I collagen. The doublet is insensitive to digestion with pepsin. This differential sensitivity is characteristic of collagen. Over 90% of the collagen synthesized by micromeres is soluble in the seawater culture medium. On days 2-4 in culture, collagen accounts for 5% of the total protein synthesized and secreted. Additional collagenase-sensitive bands are noted at 145 and 51 kDa. The relationship of the described collagen metabolism to previously characterized collagen gene expression in sea urchin embryos is discussed.
Animals↗
Ceftriaxone vs. azlocillin and netilmicin in the treatment of febrile neutropenic children.
Efficacy of the cephalosporin, ceftriaxone, was compared with that of the combination of the aminoglycoside, netilmicin, and the penicillin, azlocillin, in the treatment of febrile episodes in immunocompromised neutropenic children undergoing chemotherapy for neoplastic disease. During 100 separate febrile episodes, 40 strains of bacteria were isolated from the blood of 34 patients and a further 55 strains from other sites. Nine strains (four of which were staphylococci) to both netilmicin and azlocillin. There was no difference in clinical response between the two therapeutic regimens as assessed 4 and 7 days after treatment began. Ceftriaxone had the considerable practical advantages of once daily dosage without a need for blood monitoring. Ceftriaxone would appear to be effective as initial monotherapy in the treatment of bacterial infections in severely neutropenic children.
Adolescent↗
Venous endoscopy in thrombectomy of the iliac veins using the choledochoscope.
In the present communication venoscopy using a flexible choledochoscope is advocated after thrombectomy of the iliac veins. In 10 patients operated upon for occlusive thrombi in the pelvic veins, venoscopy was used to assess the status of the vein. The procedure was conveniently performed using a regular flexible choledochoscope. Venoscopy gave detailed information of the veins and lead to altered therapy in seven of the 10 patients. Venoscopy is recommended for intra-operative control during surgical thrombectomy and the use of a choledochoscope can simplify this procedure.
Endoscopes↗
Point mutations define positions in HLA-DR3 molecules that affect antigen presentation.
Allelic differences in major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded class II molecules affect both the binding of immunogenic peptides to class II molecules and the recognition of MHC molecule-peptide complexes by T cells. As yet, there has been no extensive mapping of these functions to the fine structure of human class II molecules. To determine sites on the HLA-DR3 molecule involved in antigen presentation to T cells, we used monoclonal antibodies specific for HLA-DR3 to immunoselect mutants of a B-lymphoblastoid line. We located the sites of single amino acid substitutions in the HLA-DR3 molecule and correlated these structural changes with patterns of recognition by HLA-DR3-restricted, antigen-specific T cells, allospecific T cells, and allospecific anti-DR3 monoclonal antibodies. We analyzed seven mutations. One mutation, at position 74 in domain 1 of the DR beta chain, affected recognition by all T cells tested, whereas others, at positions 9, 45, 73, 151, and 204 of the DR beta chain and position 115 of the DR alpha chain, altered recognition by some T cells, but not others. Each of the substitutions resulted in a unique pattern of T-cell stimulation. In addition, each T-cell clone recognized a different subset of the mutants. These results indicate that different residues of the DR3 molecule are involved in presentation of antigen to different DR3-restricted T cells. These studies further show that substitutions which most likely affect peptide binding alter recognition of DR3 molecules by an alloreactive T-cell clone and some allospecific antibodies.
Alleles↗
The process of providing support to recently divorced single mothers.
Social support is a combination of a person's perceptions of support, the belief that the support is personally satisfying, and the actual provision of services. Although the literature is replete with the work of researchers who have addressed the components of support, there is a notable limitation--the perspective of the providers of support. This perspective is important for clinicians who work with a person's natural support system to enhance its effectiveness. In this descriptive study, 252 people identified by recently divorced women with children as providing their most significant support were interviewed. The authors' purpose in conducting the study was to identify the underlying processes involved in social support based on interviews with the women's significant support people. In the qualitative portion of the study the data analysis yielded eleven processes: deliberating, withdrawing, continuing, understanding, availing, anchoring, distancing, protecting, nurturing, valuing, and intruding. Each of these processes is described in this paper.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Pitch scaling and speech understanding by patients who use the Ineraid cochlear implant.
Pitch scaling was assessed for 10 normal-hearing listeners and 8 patients who use the Ineraid multichannel cochlear implant. For two patients who were excellent users of the prosthesis, pitch increased over a wide range of frequencies (100 Hz to 2333-3000 Hz). For three patients who were above average users of the prosthesis, pitch increased with frequency over a smaller range (100 Hz to 1200-2300 Hz). For three patients who demonstrated poor word recognition ability, pitch increased with frequency over a very small range (100 Hz to 600-1000 Hz). These results suggest that differences in speech understanding among patients who use the Ineraid may be accounted for, in part, by the range of pitch available through the implant.
Acoustics↗
Longitudinal changes in word recognition by patients who use the Ineraid cochlear implant.
The time course for reacquisition of spondee word recognition was examined for 27 patients who use the Ineraid cochlear implant. At 1 month postfitting, test scores ranged from 0 to 84% correct. The median score was 10% correct. At 22 to 28 months postfitting, the scores ranged from 0 to 100% correct. The median score was 56% correct. The rate of improvement in spondee recognition varied greatly within the sample. Most patients continued to extract new information from the electrically evoked representation of the speech signal over a period of a year or more.
Cochlear Implants↗
Energy dependence of sodium-calcium exchange in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Three different types of mitochondrial poisons (oligomycin, antimycin A, and dinitrophenol) strongly inhibited Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange in aortic myocytes. Exchange activity was assayed as 45Ca2+ uptake that depended on inverting the Na+ gradient and was inhibited by 25 microM dimethylbenzamil. Glucose markedly decreased the inhibition of exchange activity by these three poisons. Glucose also prevented rotenone from inhibiting exchange and depleting cellular ATP. In the absence of glucose, rotenone decreased ATP and exchange activity with half-times of 0.8 and 0.9 min, respectively. Almost eliminating cellular ATP with rotenone maximally inhibited exchange by 80%. Repletion of ATP with glucose substantially restored Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange activity. Ca2+ uptake by organelles, subsequent to entry via exchange for Na+, does not appear to contribute significantly to exchange activity as assayed in intact myocytes. The specific activity of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange was approximately 30 nmol.min-1.mg protein-1. These findings suggest that ATP modulates exchange activity and that there are approximately 150,000 Na(+)-Ca2+ exchangers per cell, assuming that the turnover number is 1,000 s-1.
Animals↗
S-antigen: preparation and characterization of site-specific monoclonal antibodies.
Previous attempts to prepare monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against S-antigen, a photoreceptor cell protein involved in the visual process and a potent autoantigen for the induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), have yielded MAbs which define only carboxyl terminal epitopes. In this study we devised alternate strategies to prepare five MAbs directed to other regions of the molecule. MAbC10C10 and MAbH11-A2 were prepared against synthetic peptides known to be uveitopathogenic and they were selected for more detailed studies. MAbC10C10 was generated against synthetic peptide BSA281-302 which contains a predictive consensus sequence for defined T cell epitopes (GIALD) as well as a consensus sequence for GTP-binding proteins. One human adenosine deaminase synthetic peptide containing an extensive amino acid sequence homology to BSA281-302 was a potent inhibitor of MAbC10C10 binding in a competitive inhibition radioimmunoassay. MAbH11-A2 was generated against peptide BSA303-332 which also contains a uveitopathogenic site. The binding site of MAbH11-A2 was determined to be within amino acid positions 305 to 314 (NLASSTIIKE) in S-antigen. This binding site corresponded closely to the binding site of an affinity-purified rat polyclonal antibody raised to human S-antigen. MAb5C6.47 was isolated from a mouse hyperimmunized with bovine S-antigen and was specific for a highly conserved sequence near the amino terminus, amino acid residues 42 to 48 (DGVVLVD). Both MAbC10C10 and MAb5C.47 were useful in screening gt11 cDNA libraries expressing S-antigen polypeptides as fusion proteins. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of producing site-specific MAbs potentially useful in the study of T cell-mediated immune mechanisms in EAU as well as in the phototransduction of vision.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Integrating the halfway house with day-hospital treatment: three perspectives.
In this paper, three treaters from three different psychiatric hospitals delineate specific criteria for developing a mutually beneficial, interactive relationship between day hospitals and halfway houses. Ideas for setting up such a cooperative venture are based on the strengths of these three existing programs at the Menninger Clinic, Timberlawn Psychiatric Hospital, and Harding Hospital. Potential problem areas are discussed such as admission and discharge criteria, communication between separate program components, treatment responsibility, staff roles, and program goals and boundaries.
Communication↗
Randomised, double-blind, three-way cross-over study of dilevalol 200 and 400 mg and atenolol 100 mg once-daily in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris.
Eighteen male patients (aged 40-66 years) with confirmed ischaemic heart disease and a minimum of four angina attacks per week were included in a double-blind comparison of dilevalol 200 mg, dilevalol 400 mg and atenolol 100 mg. Following a one-week placebo run-in period patients were randomly allocated to one of the three treatments, after which they crossed to the remaining two treatments according to a balanced Latin square design. Each treatment was given once-daily over four weeks. Symptom-limited treadmill exercise testing using a modified Bruce protocol was performed at the end of placebo, and after each treatment around 24 hours post-dosing. The mean exercise time on placebo was 7.0 (+/- 0.91) minutes which changed to 7.8 (+/- 0.93) minutes on dilevalol 200 mg, 7.3 (+/- 0.88) minutes on dilevalol 400 mg and 8.2 minutes (+/- 1.06) on atenolol 100 mg. Nine patients had a greater exercise tolerance on dilevalol (200 or 400 mg), and nine a greater exercise tolerance on atenolol. Maximum exercise heart rate on placebo was 113 (+/- 5.0) beats per minute (bpm) which was reduced to 101 (+/- 3.6), 96 (+/- 2.7) and 98 (+/- 4.9) bpm. on dilevalol 200 mg, dilevalol 400 mg and atenolol 100 mg, respectively. Correspondingly, the rate-pressure product was reduced from 18.1 (x 10(3)) units on placebo to 14.8, 13.4 and 14.4 (x 10(3)) units on each treatment. Pairwise comparisons by the least square mean procedure showed no significant differences between treatments for any of the measured parameters. All treatments caused a reduction in both angina attack rates and trinitrate consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Administration, Oral↗