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Biomedical subjects

L Shulman

Publications and source records attributed to L Shulman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Ultrasonography in the management of liver trauma in children.

Three cases of blunt abdominal trauma with conservative management are presented. All cases were followed with ultrasonography. In two cases the lesions showed significant increases in their cystic components before reduction in size and complete resolution. The natural history of damaged liver tissue is discussed. Conservative management with ultrasonographic follow-up of selected cases of liver trauma in children is advocated.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Somatic cell genetics and flow cytometry.

Human genes coding cell surface molecules can be introduced into mouse host cells using a variety of somatic cell genetic techniques. Because these human gene products can be detected using indirect immunofluorescence on viable cells, the genes themselves can be monitored and manipulated using flow cytometry and sorting. In this paper, we review ways that we have used cell sorting to develop a somatic cell genetic analysis of the human cell surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The professional connection with self-help groups in health care settings.

The growth of self-help groups relating to health and mental health agencies has been a significant phenomenon of the past decade. Self-help groups offer important benefits to their members as they provide a structure for mutual aid and support and a forum for social/legislative action around a felt social problem. As therapeutic and physical extenders of services they are of significance to professional providers. This paper provides a framework for the professional social worker to view the self-help phenomenon, presents a typology of self-help groups relating to health care agencies, and describes the role of social work in several self-help groups.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Learning dynamic psychotherapy in psychiatric training.

At a time when psychiatric training is undergoing major shifts in response to social and economic pressures, it is crucial to preserve the trainee's opportunity to learn the techniques of dynamic psychotherapy. The author describes the course of the treatment of a patient to illustrate the way in which the central psychological issue had to be learned by sitting with her through the evolution of its discovery. This process of independent, experimental learning is crucial for the trainee's development of a sound and flexible understanding of the basic principles of psychodynamics.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Interferon-dependent induction of mRNA activity for (2'-5')oligo-isoadenylate synthetase.

At least three different enzymes involved in the regulation of protein synthesis are induced in a variety of cells by interferon (IFN). Sensitive assays for these enzymes have been developed and used to establish the specificity, dose dependence and time course of their induction by IFN. One of these enzymes, the oligo-isoadenylate synthetase E, whose product (2'-5')pppApApA activates the latent ribonuclease F, is increased over 50-fold after IFN treatment. We describe here the assay for an mRNA from IFN-treated mouse L cells, that produces oligo-isoadenylate synthetase activity when injected into Xenopus oocytes. This mRNA is found in the cells only after exposure to IFN. The mRNA increases in mouse L cells with the same time course as the enzyme activity itself. In particular, there is a 3-h lag period between IFN addition and the onset of enzyme and mRNA accumulation. Using anti-IFN antibodies, we show that during this lag period the continued interaction of IFN with the cells is necessary for the full induction of the oligo-isoadenylate synthetase.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
PubMed1980

Two interferon mRNAs in human fibroblasts: in vitro translation and Escherichia coli cloning studies.

Two mRNA species that produce biologically active interferon were isolated from human fibroblasts and studied by size fractionation and cloning in Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. The major fibroblast interferon (Hu IFN-beta 1) is coded for by the smaller of the two mRNAs, an 11S species, 900 nucleotides long, which in cell-free systems yields a 20,000 Mr protein. The second interferon mRNA species (Hu IFN-beta 2) is 14S, about 1300 nucleotides long, and codes for another protein of 23,000-26,000 Mr. The two interferon mRNAs do not cross-hybridize. Both are induced by poly(rI.rC), but IFN-beta 2 mRNA is induced to about 10% in cells by cycloheximide treatment alone whereas under these conditions IFN-beta 1 is not induced.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1979

The interferon-induced protein kinase PK-i from mouse L cells.

Interferon-treated L cells are characterized by an increased protein kinase activity that can selectively phosphorylate the small subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2. This protein kinase, PK-i, has been extensively purified and shown to be a potent inhibitor of mRNA translation. The purified PK-i contains the endogenously phosphorylated 67,000 Mr protein characteristic of interferon-treated cell extracts. PK-i can also phosphorylate arginine-rich histones. Purified PK-i can be activated by preincubation with ATP (but not adenylyl imidodiphosphate) and low concentrations of double-stranded RNA. The activation results in an increase in the first rate of eIF-2 phosphorylation. Activated PK-i becomes resistant to high concentrations of double-stranded RNA and more thermostable. A stimulator of PK-i activity, factor A, was isolated, as well as a specific phosphoprotein phosphatase that dephosphorylates the 67,000 Mr protein and eIF-2. These two factors, which are present in untreated L cells, may regulate the translation inhibitory activity of the interferon-induced and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PK-i.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

An interferon-induced phosphodiesterase degrading (2'-5') oligoisoadenylate and the C-C-A terminus of tRNA.

A phosphodiesterase characterized by a generally higher activity on 2'-5' than on 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds was isolated from mouse L cells treated with interferon. A similar enzyme was purified from mouse reticulocytes. The phosphodiesterase 2'-PDi splits the 2'-phosphate bond of pppA2'p5'A2'p5'A, the oligonucleotide activator of ribonuclease F. The level of phosphodiesterase 2'-PDi is increased by interferon treatment of L cells. The phosphodiesterase was also shown to degrade the C-C-A terminus of tRNA and to reduce the amino acid acceptance of tRNA in cell-free extracts, thereby causing a tRNA-reversible inhibition of mRNA translation.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMed1979

Kinetics of the induction of three translation-regulatory enzymes by interferon.

Three enzymes that cause inhibition of mRNA translation, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 protein kinase PK-i, oligoisoadenylate synthetase E, and phosphodiesterase 2'-PDi, have been recently isolated from interferon-treated cells. We show that the rise in these three enzyme activities may be used to study the response of uninfected cells to interferon. For each enzyme, a specific microassay that can be carried out on extracts from 2-5 x 10(4) monolayer cells from mouse, monkey, or man was developed. With these assays, the kinetics of induction of the three enzymes in mouse L cells are compared. The dose dependence for protein kinase PK-i induction is shown to be similar to that for the development of the antiviral state. Actinomycin D and anti-interferon serum block enzyme induction if added to the cells early after interferon treatment. The quantitative measurements of the intracellular level of these enzymes provide a new and convenient model to study the cell's response to interferon.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1978

Drug abuse--a major public health hazard.

An attempt is made to reveal the escalation of drug abuse in our community as a public health hazard, to initiate the concept of a team approach as the only way to provide early effective treatment, and also to develop preventive measures as the necessary alternative to ostracism and punishment.

Ethanol↗
PubMed1978

Presence of human chromosome 21 alone is sufficient for hybrid cell sensitivity to human interferon.

Human/mouse somatic cell hybrids with chromosome 21 as the only detectable human genetic material were sensitive to both human leukocyte and fibroblast interferons. The presence of additional human chromosomes decreased the amount of interferon needed to attain a given level of virus resistance. Decreased cytopathic effects, decreased virus yields, and the appearance of a specific phosphorylated protein associated with interferon treatment were all observed in hybrids maintaining only human chromosome 21. The phosphorylated protein found in extracts of these human interferon-treated hybrid cells was of mouse origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Discharge planning.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗