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Biomedical subjects

L Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to L Shaw.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The purification and properties of ox liver short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

The FAD-containing short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase was purified from ox liver mitochondria by using (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and chromatofocusing on PBE 94 resin. The enzyme is a tetramer, with a native Mr of approx. 162 000 and a subunit Mr of 41 000. Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases are usually isolated in a green form. The chromatofocusing step in the purification presented here partially resolved the enzyme into a green form and a yellow form. In the dye-mediated assay system, the enzyme exhibited optimal activity towards 50 microM-butyryl-CoA at pH 7.1. Kinetic parameters were also determined for a number of other straight-chain acyl-CoA substrates. The u.v.- and visible-absorption characteristics of the native forms of the enzyme are described, together with complexes formed by addition of butyryl-CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA and CoA persulphide.

Acetyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1984

Glutaric aciduria type II: biochemical investigation and treatment of a child diagnosed prenatally.

Two sibs with the acute neonatal form of glutaric aciduria type II (deficient in vivo activity of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenases) are described. In the second case diagnosis was made prenatally on the basis of reduced oxidation of palmitate by cultured amniotic fluid cells. With prompt intervention in the neonatal period and a carefully controlled diet later, this second progressed well up to 4 months of age but died suddenly of cardiac failure, probably attributable to accumulation of fat. Neither patient showed any congenital morphological abnormality. Cultured fibroblasts from the second case showed a marked defect in the oxidation of a range of substrates requiring acyl-CoA dehydrogenases for their catabolism, but residual activity for some substrates was quite high. Large quantities of sarcosine were excreted in urine, again suggesting that the mutation leaves some residual dehydrogenation activity. Butyryl-, octanoyl- and palmitoyl-CoA dehydrogenases were present in essentially normal quantities in postmortem liver.

Adipates↗
PubMed1983

Effect of phenobarbital on serum and biliary parameters in a patient with Crigler-Najjar syndrome, type II and acquired cholestasis.

The effect of phenobarbital treatment on bilirubin metabolism and bile secretion was studied in a patient with Crigler-Najjar syndrome, type II and acquired cholestasis. Following cholecystectomy and choledochostomy, a balloon inflatable T tube was inserted to facilitate bile collection. Hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferase in surgically obtained liver tissue was 25% of normal activity and bilirubin monoconjugates accounted for greater than 80% of the pigments in bile. Phenobarbital therapy decreased the concentration of fasting serum bile acids by 33% and partially reestablished their enterohepatic cycling postprandially. The total fasting serum bilirubin concentration (greater than 90% unconjugated) increased 21% during phenobarbital treatment and was unaffected by caloric intake. Bile flow was increased 2.7 times after phenobarbital treatment. The biliary concentration of total bilirubin was increased 2.4 times, primarily due to monoconjugated bilirubin, which accounted for 91% of the biliary pigments. Bile acid, phospholipid, cholesterol, and calcium concentrations in bile were significantly increased after phenobarbital. The data indicate that even in the presence of cholestasis an underlying deficiency in bilirubin conjugation may be confirmed by biliary pigment analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Early placenta previa and delivery outcome.

Ultrasound scan showed some degree of placenta previa in 503 patients. Of this group, 5.6% (28) had clinically significant bleeding or documented placenta previa at delivery. A scoring system based on placental localization was not successful in predicting who was at high risk for bleeding. However, the likelihood of clinically excessive bleeding did significantly increase if the placenta previa was noted after 30 weeks' gestation. The study did not find a greater incidence of small-for-gestational-age babies in women with low-lying placentas.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Effect of conflict awareness on visual dominance.

Previous literature suggests that the visual dominance normally resulting from a visual-tactual shape conflict may be eliminated if the conflict is signalled by a cue other than the shape difference per se. The intent of the present study was to provide support for this notion by presenting a visual-tactual shape conflict in which the seen and felt objects were also spatially separated. Contrary to expectation, although a position difference did effectively alert the subject to the presence of a conflict, estimates of shape still reflected the visual and not the tactual information.

Awareness↗
PubMed1982

Developmental double jeopardy: a study of clumsiness and self esteem in children with learning problems.

This study was undertaken to discern the impact of gross motor incoordination upon the self-esteem of children with school problems. Twenty-three 8- to 12-year-old boys were studied in a hospital clinic for learning disorders. The determination of motor problems was based on a pediatric neurodevelopmental examination as well as parent and teacher questionnaires. Two scales of self-esteem and human figure drawings were given to both groups. Significantly lower self-esteem was documented in the gross motor-delayed group. In addition, there was evidence that boys with poor coordination rated themselves lower in their same sex social relationships but did not view themselves as less physically attractive. There were indications that parents were not sensitive to some of the issues regarding self-esteem. Finally, youngsters with gross motor delays were found to be significantly less happy.

Child↗
PubMed1980

A 3-year clinical trial into the effect of fluoride content and toothpaste abrasivity on the caries inhibitory properties of a dentifrice.

The effect of reducing the abrasivity of toothpaste on dental caries was observed in a 3-year clinical trial involving 1106 11-13-year-old Berkshire schoolchildren were divided into three groups; Group 1 were allocated a low abrasivity paste containing 0.8% sodium monofluorophosphate, Group 2 a paste of conventional abrasivity also containing 0.8% sodium monofluorophosphate and Group 3 a low abrasivity non-fluoride paste. After 3 years the net DMFS increments (clinical and radiographic scores combined) were 4.22 in Group 1, 4.72 in Group 2 and 6.43 in Group 3. The differences between Groups 1 and 3 and between Groups 2 and 3 were highly significant (P less than 0.001). The mean increment in Group 1 was lower than in Group 2 but did not reach statistical significance. Reducing the abrasivity of the toothpaste had no meaningful effect on the standard of oral hygiene and prevalence of gingivitis as measured by the Gingival and Plaque Indices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Caries susceptibility of permanent first and second molars in children aged 5-15 years.

Clinical examinations of 276 5-year-old children were carried out twice yearly for 2 1/2 years, and a further 1104 11--12-year-old children were examined annually for 3 years. Fifty per cent of permanent first molar teeth had erupted by 6.4 years; the mean age of eruption for permanent second molar teeth was 12.2 years. One year after these mean eruption dates over 10% of first molars and 45% of second permanent molars were already carious. Although development of caries was initially slower in permanent first molars, between the ages of 7.5 and 8.5 years the caries increment rose to 18.8%. By the age of 15 years the DMF was 92% for first and 68% for second molar teeth. The missing and filled proportion of the total DMF rose consistently. This represents the amount of treated caries and exceeded the amount of untreated caries in permanent first molars at all age levels. The rate of caries initiation in the present investigation emphasizes that restorative programmes and preventive regimens for children must be based on frequent recall examinations of not more than 6-monthly intervals.

Adolescent↗