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Biomedical subjects

L Samuelsson

Publications and source records attributed to L Samuelsson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

CT demonstration of fistulae in patients with gynecologic neoplasms.

Ten women treated for gynecologic neoplasms (8 cervical carcinomas, one vaginal and one endometrial carcinoma) were found at computed tomography (CT) to have a fistula although only 5 patients had symptoms that could be related to a fistula. Five women had vesico-vaginal fistulae, 2 recto-vaginal, 2 entero-cervical and one a vulvo-pubical fistula. We regard CT as the radiologic method of choice in diagnosing gynecologic fistulae.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Influence of "nuclear" estrogen receptor content on prognosis of early stage carcinoma of the uterine body. A short-time follow-up.

Sixty-five patients with Stage I and II endometrial carcinoma were investigated. After a short-time follow-up (17-24 months) significant differences in frequency of relapses were observed between patients with tumors containing low amounts of estrogen receptor (ER less than 60 fmol/mg DNA) in the nuclear pellet, and those with tumors containing greater than 60 fmol ER/mg DNA (p = 0.01). Other prognostic factors showed no differences in frequency of relapses. In this small patient material with a short-time follow-up we therefore suggest that ER in the nuclear pellet may be an important prognostic factor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Prognostic factors influencing survival in combined radiotherapy and surgery of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with special reference to a histopathologic grading system.

Sixty-six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with combined surgery and radiotherapy, mostly in a sandwich fashion. Fourteen patients received misonidazole during preoperative radiotherapy. Prospective cumulative survival at 1, 2, and 5 years was 60%, 35%, and 17%, respectively. Original biopsy specimens and operation specimens were evaluated according to a histopathologic grading system based on an evaluation of the tumor cell population in terms of cell differentiation, structure, nuclear polymorphism, and the frequency of mitotic figures. The tumor-host relationship was also estimated by the mode of invasion, stage of invasion, vascular invasion, and degree of lymphocytic infiltration. A multivariate regression analysis according to Cox and actuarial survival were used to determine the relative contributions of the clinical and histopathologic parameters to patient outcome. The major results were as follows: (1) patients who were old (70 to 80 years) fared as well as younger patients (P = 0.9198); (2) tumor site did not influence therapeutic outcome (P = 0.1100); (3) there was an insignificant difference in survival between patients with M0 and M1 disease (P = 0.7130); (4) radical surgery gave better survival; (5) misonidazole administered preoperatively was associated with worse survival (P = 0.0147); and (6) the histopathologic malignancy grading score system was very useful for prognostication--the tumor-host score in the operative specimen was the strongest of all analyzed predictive parameters. Since palliation was excellent in all patients treated in the combined fashion, selection criteria should be wide for such a program, not the least since long-term survival is possible also for patients with very advanced tumors.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

Scoliosis in myelomeningocele.

Prevalence, type, and magnitude of scoliosis were studied in 163 patients with myelomeningocele. A scoliosis was diagnosed in 143 of them, congenital in 15 percent of the cases and developmental in the remaining patients. The severity of scoliosis increased with age and was more severe the higher the level of the neurologic deficit. The direction of the curves was correlated with pelvic obliquity, but not with hip dislocation. Although some patients with low level anomalies may develop severe scoliosis, patients with levels above L3 run a considerably higher risk in this respect. The radiographic baseline examination of the spine carried out in the newborn seems to permit a reasonable prognosis in regard to future scoliosis. Gross syringohydromyelia caused or contributed to scoliosis in 5 percent of the cases. However, less extensive syringohydromyelia and Chiari malformations due to abnormal neuromuscular control also promote the development of scoliosis in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Radiation in dwellings and cancer in children.

Indoor radiation, especially radon exposure, has been in focus in the public domain during the past several years. The growing concern among parents of children with cancer possibly having high radiation levels in their homes led us to study the levels of gamma- and alpha-radiation levels in the homes of a group of children in the county of Ostergötland. The indoor concentration of alpha-emitting radon daughters was measured by a high-voltage method. The gamma activity was measured with a standard detector scintillation meter. The yearly average for radon-daughter concentration in both cases (57 Bq/m3) and controls (61 Bq/m3) corresponds fairly well with the national average of 53 Bq/m3. The yearly average for gamma radiation (cases 0.37 mGy, controls 0.36 mGy) is much lower than the permissible upper level in dwellings (2.5 mGy/year). The values seem to be of the same order as the subtracted cosmic radiation, which is 0.24-0.26 mGy. No appreciable difference could thus be found between cases and controls either from gamma radiation or radon-daughter exposure. We cannot from our study rule out the possibility of an effect of low-level radiation in susceptible individuals, but it seems clear that children who get cancer do not live in more radioactive homes than other children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence of mammary carcinoma in patients with gynaecologic cancer.

Six hundred and forty-four patients with primary malignant tumours of the female genital tract were subject to a two-stage screening program on admission, with clinical examination in all and mammography in 380. Clinical examination alone revealed 4 cancers, while supplementary mammography screening of 369 patients with normal clinical examination revealed an additional 6 tumours, of which 5 were invasive. The prevalence rate was about three times that found in two mass-screening programs in different parts of Sweden. Thus, it could be concluded that there is an increased risk for mammary carcinoma in patients with gynaecologic malignancies. It seems reasonable therefore, to recommend mammography routinely in this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Accuracy of radiological staging procedures in non-seminomatous testis cancer compared with findings from surgical exploration and histopathological studies of extirpated tissue.

Preliminary and reviewed statements describing results from abdominal CT and US were compared with surgical findings and with the report from the histopathological investigation of extirpated retroperitoneal tissue. No false positive diagnoses of retroperitoneal metastases were made by CT investigation, while US made one false positive but revealed metastases in one patient overlooked by CT. The overall accuracies (correct answers/all patients) were 81% with CT and 80% with US (31 and 21 patients in Group I respectively). Surgical exploration alone was no more sensitive than either of the two other methods. CT and US are highly reliable when positive but the risks of obtaining false negative results are considerable.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

CT staging of oesophageal carcinoma.

It has been generally accepted that the normal oesophagus, usually in its entire length, is surrounded by fat which facilitates assessment of tumour extension at CT examination in patients with carcinoma. As this contradicts the clinical experience at the hospital, 25 normal subjects and 36 patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus were investigated with computed tomography. In the middle part, where most tumours arise, the oesophagus as a rule was poorly delineated against important structures such as the left main bronchus and the pericardium (left atrium). In the upper and lower oesophagus the delineation was usually better, but none of the normal subjects had a good or at least discernible fat plane in every slice. The typical tumour appeared as a concentric thickening of the wall with broad contact surfaces without interposed fat with adjacent structures such as the trachea, left main bronchus, left atrium, aorta or vertebrae. Most patients received 24 Gy MV treatment followed by surgery and then 40 Gy of radiation. Ten tumours with broad contact surfaces were easily excised while of the five lesions which were relatively well demarcated two needed sharp dissection. These facts make it very difficult to anticipate the surgical findings at CT. The only reliable sign of inoperability was big bulky tumours encroaching on neighbouring organs.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography in advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Computed tomography (CT) and clinical examination including complete evaluation of the true pelvis were performed in 32 patients of whom 2 had possible advanced primary and 30 possible recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Confirmation of the staging by surgery or autopsy was obtained in 22 patients and by repeat clinical examinations and CT in 10 patients. The CT diagnosis was correct in 29 and the clinical pelvic examination in 25 patients. The results confirm previous reports that CT is a complementary method to pelvic examination in advanced cervical carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Pneumopyopericardium.

Pneumopyopericardium is a rare disease, the etiology of which can be traumatic or non-traumatic. Today the most common cause of non-traumatic disease seems to be ulceration or carcinoma in the lower esophagus or upper stomach. The present cases were caused by ulcerations in two patients and a postoperative penetrating abscess in the third. All had connections with surgery in the region. Chest radiography disclosing fluid and gas in the expanded pericardium was the main diagnostic method. The prognosis is poor and all three patients died.

Abscess↗
PubMed1983

Experimental evaluation of a new instrument for transcatheter electrocoagulation.

A new coaxial electrode catheter design has been tested in 19 renal arteries of pigs with excellent results, i.e. 100 per cent thrombosis. One vessel ruptured. The electrode (anode) is situated on a thin inner catheter and after electrolysis it is pulled back into a shielding outer catheter. This should reduce downstream embolization. Usual currents have been 8 to 10 mA at 10 V and doses of 16 to 36 C have been used depending on the size of the artery. In the single case of rupture of the vessel a current of 20 mA was used. The method appears to be ready for clinical testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Percutaneous treatment of pulmonary tumors by electrolysis.

Five lung tumors in four patients were treated with electrolysis. One of the tumors was probably primary, while the others were metastases. Under local anesthesia, two or three platinum electrodes (diameter 3 mm) were introduced through the thoracic wall into the lung tumor using biplane fluoroscopy. The patient was sedated before the procedure and a chest tube was inserted into the pleural cavity. Between anode and cathode a direct current of 80 mA and 10 V was passed during 2-4 h, creating substantial electrolytic destruction mainly through chlorine liberation. Observations at autopsy, surgery, chest X-ray, and CT showed that 60%-80% of the tumor mass was destroyed. No tumor was completely destroyed. The patients tolerated the procedure well.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Ruptured aneurysm of the internal iliac artery.

Isolated aneurysms of the iliac arteries are rare and can be difficult to diagnose. The diagnosis is frequently delayed. One patient with a ruptured aneurysm of the left internal iliac artery is presented, and the computed tomography findings are compared to those of a case of a ruptured aortic aneurysm. The hemorrhages had much in common, and we want to stress the importance of including the iliac arteries when no cause of a retroperitoneal hemorrhage is found higher up.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Electrocoagulation. Experimental intra-arterial electrolysis.

Intra-arterial electrolysis was performed in the renal arteries of 10 pigs with platinum electrodes. Direct current was used and with correct technique firmly adherent thromboses in the arteries could regularly be made. The method is somewhat time-consuming and with unsuitable electrodes, too much current or too high current strength, vessel perforations occurred. Further experiments are under way to improve the method.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

Fine-needle biopsy of chest lesions.

The results are presented of transthoracic, mainly fine-needle biopsies in 500 patients. The procedure was carried out under biplane fluoroscopic control. The overall accuracy was 89% in establishing malignancy for lung lesions (93% for lesions with a diameter greater than 20 mm and 71% for lesions less than 20 mm diameter). Biopsies were done on pleural lesions and mediastinal lesions with an accuracy of 76% and 83%, respectively. The complications were few: a pleural tube was needed in only 2% of the patients and one patient died. Inadequate material was attained from small peripheral lesions (diameter less than 20 mm) in 24% of the patients, so efforts should be made to improve the method in this respect.

Aged↗