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Biomedical subjects

L Salazar

Publications and source records attributed to L Salazar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Fluctuating asymmetry in quantitative dermatoglyphic traits: twins and singletons.

Fluctuating asymmetry for the digital quantitative value was analyzed in a sample of twins (mono and dizygotic) and singletons. The aim was to check if the influence of twinning on the development is expressed in a higher fluctuating asymmetry in twins than in singletons. The results have shown that significant differences exist among the three groups studied, and these differences are fundamentally expressed when the radial and ulnar counts are considered separately.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1990

Dermatoglyphic analysis of autistic basque children.

We have analyzed the digital and palmar dermatoglyphics in a sample of autistic children from the Basque Country. The results have been compared with those from a control sample having the same characteristics relative to the ethnic region. We found significant differences between the digital dermatoglyphics of autistic boys and control boys. Autistic children have a higher frequency of transitional radial loops and a lower frequency of dicentric whorls; also the total finger ridge count (TFRC) and radial count are lower in autistic individuals. There were no significant differences in the girls. In palmar dermatoglyphics, autistic girls have a lower frequency of radial loops in the hypothenar area, and the value of the "atd" angle is higher than in control girls. These differences were significant. The a-b interdigital ridge count is significantly lower in autistic boys. Autistic children of both sexes have a higher frequency of aberrant palmar creases. The results obtained in the present study do not contradict the hypothesis that genetic factors may be important in autism of unknown cause.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1990

Simple disturbance of the dam in the neonatal period can alter haloperidol-induced catalepsy in the adult offspring.

Three experiments were performed to determine whether apparently minimal disturbances of dams and litters would influence haloperidol-induced akinesia. In Experiment I, Long-Evans hooded rats (a) were left unmanipulated, (b) received nestcage relocation and observation, (c) received nestcage relocation/observation and maternal separation, or (d) received nestcage relocation/observation and pup handling. The male adult offspring received open-field testing and later received forepaw-on-dowel catalepsy testing following saline, morphine (20 mg/kg), or haloperidol (2 mg/kg). In Experiment II, hooded rats received (a) no manipulation, (b) nestcage relocation, (c) maternal separation, or (d) pup handling. At weaning, dams were tested in the open-field. Activity wheel locomotion of the offspring was assessed following saline or haloperidol for 3 days/week for 3 weeks; then, 5 and 7 days later, rats received haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) and catalepsy testing. In both experiments, manipulations involving the dam reduced the offsprings' haloperidol-induced catalepsy, but, in Experiment II, a history of haloperidol administration distinguished between the effects of nestcage relocation and maternal separation. In Experiment III, Swiss albino mice received (a) no treatment, (b) nestcage relocation and maternal separation, (c) relocation/separation and mild cold stress of pups, (d) relocation/separation and pup handling, or (e) relocation/separation and severe cold stress of pups. Adult male mice received saline or haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg) and inclined grid catalepsy testing. Mice receiving relocation/separation and mice receiving relocation/separation and severe cold stress showed enhanced catalepsy versus control mice. Thus, it was concluded that seemingly innocuous events in infancy can influence the intensity of extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptics in adulthood.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Growth rate and production of a microcin by Salmonella typhimurium LT2 (strain M799-0) in continuous culture.

The production of a bacteriostatic microcin, of molecular weight 520 kD by Salmonella typhimurium LT2, strain M799-0, was studied in continuous culture. The effect of specific growth rate (mu) on microcin production was measured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In aerobiosis the microcin specific production rate (qp) was found to be strictly associated with cell growth. Thus, it is constitutively synthesized though at low production rate. As growth conditions become limited (i.e. anaerobiosis) its production is clearly induced and the highest yields are reached. Under the latter conditions microcin production follows a kinetic partial growth-linked process.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of digital patterns in the Basque valley of Deba: multivariate comparison with other populations.

Eighty-six females and 79 males from the Basque valley of Deba were analyzed with respect to their digital patterns using correspondence analysis. We found that there was a significant sexual difference for only one type of pattern, tented arch. Also, this population was compared with other Basque valley populations and with other Spanish populations. We found great variability among Basque subpopulations, despite their supposed common origin. Dermatoglyphic distances for some traits can be interpreted as genetic distances because there is high heritability of these traits. The results of the comparison between the Deba valley population and other Spanish populations showed that the Deba population is markedly distant from the other populations.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative and qualitative finger dermatoglyphics in the Basque Valley of Urola, Spain.

Digital dermatoglyphics of an indigenous sample of 87 males and 101 females from the Urola Valley in the Spanish Basque Country are compared with those from the nine other Basque valleys previously analyzed. In both sexes of the Urola Valley, there is a very high frequency of radial loops; the mean found in this valley extends the range of variation for South European-Mediterranean populations, and it is in the superior limit of all Caucasian populations. There are bimanual and sex differences in the frequencies of whorls and loops. Contrary to what occurs normally in populations, in the Urola Valley the frequency of whorls is higher in females and the quantitative value of digital patterns is lower in males. The results of this study show the existence of heterogeneity among valleys for digital trait frequencies and for finger ridge count, and this heterogeneity is more marked in females.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1989

National community health worker programs: how can they be strengthened?

This article is based on a collaborative research study of policy and practice in national community health worker (CHW) programs in developing countries. The study involved a review of the relevant literature, case studies in Botswana, Colombia and Sri Lanka, and an international workshop where the future of such programs was discussed. The findings of this research are discussed under four headings: unrealistic expectations, poor initial planning, problems of sustainability, and the difficulties of maintaining quality. It is clear that existing national community health worker programs have suffered from conceptual and implementation problems. However, given the interest and political will, governments can address these problems by adopting more flexible approaches within their CHW programs, by planning for them within the context of all health sector activities rather than as a separate activity, and by immediately addressing weaknesses in task allocation, training and supervision. CHWs represent an important health resource, whose potential in extending coverage and providing a reasonable level of care to otherwise underserved populations must be fully tapped.

Botswana↗
PubMed1988

Social factors influence haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rat.

This study employed manipulations which presumably influence social interactions in rats: (1) paired housing with a heavier conspecific and (2) exposure to the odors of other rats. The dependent variable was the akinetic state induced by haloperidol, a neuroleptic and dopamine antagonist. In Experiment 1, adult male Long-Evans hooded rats were matched by weight and caged alone or in pairs with one rat 30 g heavier than its cagemate. All rats received haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg) and catalepsy testing. Heavy rats showed more catalepsy than the lighter member of pairs or weight-matched, singly housed controls. In Experiment 2, adult male rats were left unrecaged or were recaged into cages with bedding recently soiled by females or other adult males. After haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg), the rats exposed to bedding soiled by other adult males showed more catalepsy than did the control groups. Thus, the results of both experiments indicated that social factors can influence the akinesia induced by dopamine antagonists.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress radionuclide studies after acute myocardial infarction: changes with revascularization.

BACKGROUND: Successful revascularization of ischemic asynergic myocardium should be followed by improvement in contractile function. However, a clear improvement is not always observed. Assessment of contractile reserve may allow a better evaluation of procedural results. METHODS AND RESULTS: To assess the changes in global and regional left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), as well as the contractile reserve after revascularization, equilibrium radionuclide angiography was performed in 16 patients with acute myocardial infarction who had periinfarct redistribution (observed in stress-rest-reinjection thallium single-photon emission computed tomography). Regional EF was defined in the asynergic region at rest, which corresponded to the infarct plus periinfarct areas. Both thallium single-photon emission computed tomography and equilibrium radionuclide angiography were performed at rest and during stress with dobutamine, up to a maximal dose of 40 micrograms/kg/min. The same studies were repeated 8 +/- 6 months after successful revascularization (nine coronary angioplasties and seven bypass procedures). After intervention, the thallium defect score decreased significantly at rest and during stress. Global EF changed from 45% +/- 10% to 47% +/- 11% (difference not significant) at rest and from 49% +/- 12% to 63% +/- 13% (p = 0.0001) at peak stress. Regional EF changed from 27% +/- 8% to 35% +/- 18% (p = 0.03) at rest and from 29% +/- 10% to 56% +/- 21% (p = 0.0001) at peak stress. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with asynergy caused by periinfarct ischemia, there can be an increase in regional but not global EF at rest after revascularization. However, both parameters improve at peak dobutamine dose. This indicates an improvement in contractile reserve.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Finger ridge count in Basque populations: univariate and multivariate comparison with other Spanish populations.

We have analysed finger ridge counts in the indigenous Spanish Basque population (841 males and 911 females). Bimanual and sexual variation have proved to be statistically significant. The results in the Basque population were compared with those of other Spanish populations. In the univariate comparison statistically significant differences appear. The means found in the Basque population are the lowest. Our population is situated on the lower part of the variation range of the European populations for whom data are available. In principal component analysis the first two components explain more than 90% of the total variability. The first component is interpreted as a size component, which is usual. The factor scores of the individual samples have proved to be very useful in showing which populations are nearest to the Basque one.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of digital dermatoglyphic features in Salazar Valley: comparison with other Basque valleys.

Digital dermatoglyphics of a sample from the Basque Valley of Salazar, situated in the West of the Pyrenees, were analysed. The results showed bimanual differences in both sexes, and also sexual differences for both hands. The comparative study with other Basque valleys showed that, in spite of their supposed common origin, the geographic barriers and the isolation have generated a genetic/dermatoglyphic and linguistic differentiation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of naloxone on serum testosterone in adult male rabbits.

Considerable evidence suggests that endogenous opioids may play an important role in the hypothalamic LH-releasing hormone. Administration of high doses of naloxone, an opiate antagonist, produces an increase in plasma concentration of LH. Naltrexone administration to healthy males produces an increase in both immunoactive and bioactive LH. The objective of the present work was to assess the effect of low doses of naloxone during 10 consecutive days on testosterone serum levels in rabbit. Three groups of five rabbits were injected with naloxone or saline. Naloxone was tested at 0.1 and 0.01 mg/kg day-1. Blood samples were taken at 90 min and 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days after starting naloxone administration. Plasma testosterone (T) levels were measured by RIA. T levels increased progressively through the study in the experimental groups. The differences were significant after days 4 and 7 for 0.01-mg/kg and 0.1-mg/kg doses, respectively. T levels in both groups peaked at day 10 and decreased at day 14 (4 days after treatment).

Animals↗