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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
L Sage
Publications and source records attributed to L Sage.
Biodegradation of pyrene by sediment fungi.
Micromycetes were isolated from PAHS-contaminated sediment and identified. They were investigated for pyrene degradation (10 mg l-1) in liquid synthetic medium for two days. Among the 41 strains isolated, 10 highly degraded pyrene (> 2.4 mg g-1 dry weight): two Zygomycetes (Mucor racemosus, M. racemosus var. sphaerosporus), 6 Deuteromycetes (Gliocladium virens, Penicillium simplicissimum, P. janthinellum, Phialophora alba, P. hoffmannii, Trichoderma harzianum), a Dematiaceae (Scopulariopsis brumptii) and a Sphaeropsidale (Coniothyrium fuckelii). Zygomycetes appeared as one of the most efficient taxonomic groups, especially with Mucor racemosus. Penicillium crustosum was the only strain that did not degrade pyrene. Among the 10 fungi which were performant for pyrene degradation, nine were not yet reported in the literature and showed a real value for PAH remediation.
Aspergillus↗
Exserohilum israeli, a new species isolated from soil from Timna Park (Israel), and its physiological properties.
Fungi isolated from soil in Timna Park (Israel) were found to belong to a new species of Exserohilum for which the name Erserohilum israeli sp. nov. is proposed. The main physiological properties of members of this species are discussed and the influence of temperature and copper concentrations on the growth and morphology of the fungus were investigated.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Fungal microflora biodiversity as a function of pollution in Oued Sebou (Morocco).
An inventory of the fungal microflora present in sediments collected at 11 sites along Oued Sebou has been established. The influence of some climatic parameters (temperature, rainfall) and of pollution on the composition of the fungal communities has been questioned. Emericella nidulans, Eurotium amstelodami, Neosartotya fisheri var. glabrum (Ascomycetes), Dreschslera biseptata (Dematiaceae), Penicillium citrinum (Mucedinaceae) and Phoma sp. (Sphaeropsidale) can be considered as strains sensitive to pollution. Penicillium janthelinum, Trichoderma koningii (Mucedinaceae) and Candida albicans (Yeast) were found only at the most polluted sites; Talaromyces flavus (Ascomycete) Rhodotorula rubra, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeasts) and Fusarium oxysporum (Tuberculariales) were more often found at heavily polluted sites than at lightly polluted ones.
Climate↗
Soil mycoflora from the Dead Sea Oases of Ein Gedi and Einot Zuqim (Israel).
Samples were taken from the top 10 cm of soils from 24 points in the Ein Gedi area. Among 329 isolates, 142 species were identified: 11 genera of ascomycetes, one genus of coelomycetes, 28 genera of hyphomycetes, 7 genera of zygomycetes and one yeast, in addition to some unidentified basidiomycetes. The hyphomycetes were represented by 17 dematiaceous, 9 mucedinaceous and two tuberculariaceous. Melanconiaceous and stilbellaceous genera were not found. Two new varieties of Microascus recently described were reisolated. No strict thermophiles or halophiles were obtained. There is apparently no very characteristic or specific fungal flora of the Dead Sea Oases although it was different from that found in the desert soil surrounding this area.
Ecology↗
Exserohilum sodomii, a new species isolated from soil near the Dead Sea (Israel).
Exserohilum sodomii sp. nov., is described. This new species was isolated from a soil sample from the Dead Sea surroundings. Its main physiological properties, as well as the influence of temperature and salts concentration in the culture medium on growth and morphology of the fungus were investigated and discussed.
Bacteria↗
Podospora Lautarea sp. nov. from Southern Alps (France): description and physiological properties.
A taxonomic description of Podospora Lautarea sp. nov. is provided. This species is characterized by a reddish brown peridium, and by its large, asymmetric ascospores, small, hyaline, unique primary appendage, absence of secondary appendage and cylindrical asci. Due to the size of its appendage, this species may be related to Podospora minicaudaFaureal et Locquin-Linard. Asci and ascospores are close to those of P. fimbriata (Bayer) Cain, but the dimensions and ornamentation of perithecia are quite different. To summarize, this species belongs to the small group of Podospora exhibiting only one appendage (such as P. minicauda, P. carpinicola Mouchacca or P. horridula (Sacc.) Francis and Sparrow) but can not be assimilated to one of the described species in this group. The main cultural characteristics and physiological properties of this species are described.
Ascomycota↗
Relationship between the biodegradative capability of soil micromycetes for pentachlorophenol and for pentachloronitrobenzene.
A collection of 1056 strains in our laboratory were incubated with various xenobiotics among which were two potent fungicides: pentachlorophenol (PCP) and pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB). The production of extracellular phenoloxidases were examined, using a series of ten different reagents. On the whole, PCNB is less accessible to fungal degradation than PCP. Although no correlation was found between the biodegradative capability of individual fungal strains for PCP or for PCNB, when taxonomic groups were considered as a whole, the same activity profiles were found. Zygomycetes were the most efficient; yeasts the least efficient towards both substrates. A more detailed study of the metabolism of both substrates on selected strains is in progress.
Biodegradation, Environmental↗
Production of patulin by Micromycetes.
In the context of the screening for antifungal and antibacterial molecules among the Micromycetes, we investigated the ability of 850 strains grown in liquid medium to produce patulin. The compound was produced by 58 fungi, most of which had not been mentioned in the literature, especially Mucorales and Fungi Imperfecti. Biological tests showed that dermatophytes are the most sensitive to this molecule. It also appears that the origin of the producing strains influences their toxin producing activity.
Arthrodermataceae↗
Ultrastructural assessment of cryopreserved hepatocytes after prolonged ectopic transplantation.
Isolated adult rat hepatocytes were cryopreserved by cooling, in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, to low subzero temperatures and they were stored for 14 days at -196 C. The cells were then recovered and transplanted into the splenic pulp of the original donor animal. A similar transplant procedure was performed with hepatocytes which had not been cryopreserved. Ultrastructural assessment was made 1 month after transplantation. In general fewer hepatocytes survived ectopic transplantation after cryopreservation, but the surviving cells were ultrastructurally similar to ectopically transplanted cells not subjected to cryopreservation. Thus, the reduced metabolic activity measured previously in transplants of cryopreserved hepatocytes is likely to result from a smaller number of competent cells rather than from hepatocytes which have survived in an extensively damaged or abnormal state.
Animals↗
Lysophospholipase 1 in Trypanosoma brucei.
Protein fractions from Trypanosoma brucei brucei showed lysophospholipase 1 activity (E.E.3.1.1.5), against the substrate 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and also phospholipase A1 activity (E.C.3.1.1.4) by hydrolysis of the 1-acyl bond of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Both enzyme activities were eluted together and showed a 12-fold purification following Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography. A final 96-fold increase in activity was obtained by electrophoresis on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels to yield a band containing both enzymic activities. Phospholipase A1 showed maximum activity between pH 6.0--8.5 and lysophospholipase 1 had a pH optimum of 8.5. Both activities were found mainly in the soluble fraction of disrupted trypanosomes and were similarly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid. Although Triton X-100 stimulated phospholipase A1 activity, it inhibited lysophospholipase 1 activity. The Km value for the lysophospholipase 1 was found to be 0.15 mM. It was not possible to resolve separate activities for lysophospholipase 1 and phospholipase A1 and the ratio of the two activities was approximately 1 : 10 for a variety of preparations and treatments. It is probable that a single enzyme displays both activities.
Chromatography↗
[Antifungigram of dermatophytes].
The sensitivity of Microsporum gypseum to five antifungal agents was carried out by the disk diffusion method. The influence of the culture medium composition and physiological state of the microorganism was studied. The differed setting of antifungal disks enabled a comparative study of their action on spores and mycelium. Best results were obtained on a complex medium (Casitone) using spores as inoculum. The sensitivity of Microsporum canis, M. gypseum and Trichophyton interdigital to the five antifungal agents indicated the efficacy of imidazole compounds as compared to amphotericin B and nystatin .
Antifungal Agents↗