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Biomedical subjects

L S Williams

Publications and source records attributed to L S Williams.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

Anesthetist receives jail sentence after patient left in vegetative state.

A former Saskatchewan anesthetist is the first Canadian doctor to be jailed as a result of criminal negligence causing bodily harm. He received a 6-month jail sentence after a 17-year-old patient was left in a vegetative state after an operation. The anesthetist had left the operating room during the procedure and the patient became disconnected from his respirator. Dr. Dennis Kendel, registrar of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan, says that the sentence "sends a very clear signal to physicians."

Adolescent↗

New centre treats MDs whose careers are in shambles because of sex abuse.

A new treatment centre in North Dakota specializes in treating professionals whose careers are in tatters because they have sexually abused patients or clients. The program was founded by a doctor whose own licence was revoked because of sexual abuse, and its clinical program director is a Canadian. It is designed to help professionals come to terms with sexual addictions in whatever form they occur. Dr. Larry Ohlhauser, registrar of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta, says the college will consider treatment programs for sexual addiction as a starting point for beginning the reinstatement process for a doctor whose licence has been revoked, but it must be convinced there will be no recurrence before a licence would be reissued.

Female↗

Failure to pursue indications of spousal abuse could lead to tragedy, physicians warned.

Many women who are victims of battered-spouse syndrome are unable to disclose their abuse, yet cannot leave the relationship either. This frustrates health care professionals who want to help them and can lead to tragedy, as it did in the case of an Alberta woman who was recently acquitted of murder after using a battered-woman defence. The psychiatrist who testified at her trial says the challenge for physicians is to be alert for patients who may be victims of battery, and to try to encourage the confidence and self-esteem they need to break free from violently abusive relationships.

Battered Women↗

Society needs MD-assisted death, Canadian-trained medical director of US right-to-die society says.

The growth of an American organization that supports the right to die is proof that the public wants and needs physician-assisted death, says a University of Alberta alumnus who is medical director of the Hemlock Society. Dr. Richard MacDonald says he believes individual patients have the right to decide whether they want to live with a certain quality of life. Both the American Medical Association and the CMA have spoken out against physician-assisted death, but MacDonald says this opposition is out of touch with the opinions of individual physicians and patients.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

AGN 191976: a novel thromboxane A2-mimetic with ocular hypotensive properties.

The possible subdivision of thromboxane A2-sensitive (TP) receptors is currently a controversial subject. We report herein on a novel thromboxane A2 mimetic, AGN 191976, which has almost identical pharmacological activity to the well-characterized prostaglandin H2/thromboxane A2 (PGH2/TxA2) mimetic U-46619, but its effects on intraocular pressure are quite distinct from U-46619. Prostanoid receptor activity was determined in vitro using different smooth muscle assays and platelets. Intraocular pressure was measured tonometrically in ocular normotensive Beagle dogs and Cynomolgus monkeys. Conjunctival microvascular permeability was determined in guinea pigs. Despite closely resembling U-46619 as a potent and selective TP receptor agonist, AGN 191976 was a potent ocular hypotensive in dogs and monkeys whereas U-46619 did not lower IOP in either species. The ocular hypotensive effect of AGN 191976 in dogs was attenuated by pretreatment with the TP receptor antagonist SQ 29548. Thus, the ocular hypotensive effects of AGN 191976 are consistent with TP receptor stimulation. Both TxA2-mimetics caused plasma leakage in the guinea pig conjunctiva. The disparate activities of U-46619 and AGN 191976 in our studies suggest the existence of heterogeneous populations of TP-receptors in the eye.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗

Clinical problem-solving in geriatric medicine: obstacles to rehabilitation.

This case illustrates how multifactorial medical, neurological and psychiatric conditions can synergistically effect the functional status of elderly individuals. This case also illustrates how iatrogenically induced illness, most commonly in the form of drug therapy, can significantly affect patients' conditions and their progress in rehabilitative therapies. This case also illustrates how the atypical presentation of disease in the elderly, as well as the medical ramifications of rehabilitative therapies, need to be strongly considered during trials at functional rehabilitation. More importantly, however, this case demonstrates how even a community-based geriatrician can be instrumental in recognizing the need of more appropriate evaluations in elderly patients with functional disabilities and how even in the setting of a multidisciplinary team there can still be a consulting relationship, with each person seeing the patient individually and communicating with other members of the team as necessary. Although each team member may have a specific area of expertise, there is still a very important role for the geriatrician to play in making sure that all the different components of the rehabilitation and the medical care proceed in a way that will provide the most favorable outcome for the patient.

Aged↗

The transient syndrome of headache with neurologic deficits and CSF lymphocytosis.

We describe seven patients who experienced a transient syndrome consisting of headache with neurologic deficits and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis. Thirty-three similar patients have been reported previously. All had from one to more than 20 episodes of a severe migrainous headache accompanied by a temporary neurologic deficit and lymphocytes in the CSF. Some patients had a preceding viral syndrome, increased intracranial pressure, elevated CSF protein, or focal EEG abnormalities. All stopped having episodes within 3 months. We present diagnostic criteria for this benign syndrome. Its cause remains unknown.

Adolescent↗

Characterization of a behavioral model for peripherally evoked itch suggests platelet-activating factor as a potent pruritogen.

The studies described herein characterize animal behavioral models for conjunctival and cutaneous itch. Histamine was used as the reference stimulus for model development because it is firmly established as a pruritogen in both conjunctiva and skin. Itching evokes the desire to scratch in human subjects, so hind limb scratching at the afflicted area was used to identify pruritogenic stimuli. Under optimized environmental conditions, hind limb scratching behavior yielded substantial and highly reproducible responses. The conjunctival itch-scratch response was delineated from pain and foreign body sensations by using appropriate stimuli. Examination of a large and diverse variety of autocoids revealed that only histamine, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and arachidonic acid and its cyclooxygenase metabolite prostaglandin E2 possessed meaningful pruritogenic activity. PAF-induced ocular pruritus did not involve histamine release, according to studies with appropriate antagonists. Thus PAF-induced ocular pruritus was unaffected by the histamine H1-receptor antagonist pyrilamine but was substantially attenuated by the PAF antagonists WEB 2086 and CV-6209 and was virtually abolished by E-6123. Similar itch-scratch behaviors were quantified in hairless guinea pig skin following the application of cowhage or the iontophoretic administration of histamine and PAF. Findings from these newly developed itching models suggest that PAF could be an important mediator of the pruritic sensation by activating a population of nerve endings responsible for encoding the itch sensation.

Animals↗