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Biomedical subjects

L S Webber

Publications and source records attributed to L S Webber.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cardiovascular risk factors from birth to 7 years of age: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Predictive value of parental measures in determining cardiovascular risk factor variables in early life.

Parent-child associations of height, weight, subscapular skinfold thickness, blood pressure, and serum lipids and lipoproteins were observed in a cohort of 440 infants and their parents in Bogalusa, LA. The infants were examined according to a standardized protocol six times from birth to 7 years of age, and the parents were examined when the child was 2 years old. Regression analyses were performed with the value of the cardiovascular risk factor variable for the child as the dependent variable and race, sex of child, and either mother's value, father's value, or both mother's and father's values as the independent variables. The most significant relationship between parents and their children was for height (P less than .005 at all ages of the child) and weight (P less than .05 from age 1 year for father's regression coefficient and at all ages for mother's regression coefficient). Regression coefficients for parental serum lipids and lipoproteins tended to increase with the child's age. Child-father regression coefficients and child-mother regression coefficients were generally significant (P less than .05) after age 2 years for total cholesterol. Less association was noted for triglycerides and lipoproteins. Parental diastolic BP was a poor predictor of children's values; the regression coefficients for systolic BP were higher and more significant. The longitudinal nature of this cohort study allows for examination of the changing patterns of familial association with aging and may provide insight as to the best age for examining children for cardiovascular risk factors to determine their relative risk for heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The relation of apolipoproteins A-I and B in children to parental myocardial infarction.

Clinical studies suggest that serum levels of apolipoproteins A-I and B may be more strongly related to coronary artery disease than are their respective lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions. Therefore, we assessed the association between levels of apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I, lipids, and lipoprotein cholesterols in children and the reported histories of myocardial infarction in their parents in a survey of 2416 black and white school-age children. As compared with children whose fathers did not report a myocardial infarction, those whose fathers reported having had an infarction (n = 139) had a lower mean level of apolipoprotein A-I (137 vs. 141 mg per deciliter; P = 0.04) and a lower ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein B (1.08 vs. 1.11; P = 0.007), along with a higher ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I (0.64 vs. 0.61; P = 0.04). These associations existed independently of the children's race, sex, age, and history of obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, and use of oral contraceptives. Children whose mothers reported having had a myocardial infarction (n = 56) had no decrease in the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein B, but they tended to have an elevated ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I. In contrast, serum lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions in children were not related to myocardial infarctions in either parent. These results provide further evidence that apolipoproteins are more strongly related to the risk of cardiovascular disease than are lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Relation of serum lipoprotein levels and systolic blood pressure to early atherosclerosis. The Bogalusa Heart Study.

We assessed the relation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease to early atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries in 35 persons (mean age at death, 18 years). Aortic involvement with fatty streaks was greater in blacks than in whites (37 vs. 17 percent, P less than 0.01). However, aortic fatty streaks were strongly related to antemortem levels of both total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.67, P less than 0.0001 for each association), independently of race, sex, and age, and were inversely correlated with the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to low-density plus very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.35, P = 0.06). Coronary-artery fatty streaks were correlated with very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.41, P = 0.04). Mean systolic blood-pressure levels also tended to be higher in the four subjects with coronary-artery fibrous plaques than in those without them: 112 mm Hg as compared with 104 (P = 0.09). These results document the importance of risk-factor levels to early anatomical changes in the aorta and coronary arteries. The progression of fatty streaks to fibrous plaques is uncertain, but these data suggest that a rational approach to the prevention of cardiovascular disease should begin early in life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

An approach to the multivariate analysis of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in a large kindred: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

The genetic determination of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels was evaluated using segregation analysis techniques in a large multigenerational kindred with a high prevalence of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. Univariate segregation analysis of HDL-C levels with the effects of age and sex removed by regression provided evidence of a Mendelian mode of inheritance for a portion of the variability in HDL-C levels. Subsequent analyses included low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and several behavioral and anthropometric variables that affect HDL-C levels. Pedigree discriminant analysis was used to find the linear functions of the variables that maximized the likelihood given the pedigree structure and assuming monogenic segregation. The best linear function was found to be approximately equivalent to the log of the HDL-C to LDL-C ratio, with concomitant and environmental effects removed by regression. Genetic hypotheses were tested by cross-validation; linear functions derived from data on each side of the kindred were used to test hypotheses on the other side of the kindred. On one side of the kindred, all hypotheses were accepted. On the other side of the kindred, only Mendelian inheritance of the linear function was indicated. Segregation of the age- and sex-adjusted HDL-C values, and of the linear function, was evaluated using a regressive model that allows for intrafamilial correlations in addition to a monogenic effect. All analyses provide evidence for levels of HDL-C being controlled by a major locus with neither dominant nor recessive expression.

Cholesterol, HDL↗
PubMed1986

Transitions of cardiovascular risk from adolescence to young adulthood--the Bogalusa Heart Study: I. Effects of alterations in lifestyle.

Adolescence and young adulthood represents a transition period for biologic and lifestyle characteristics. In a preliminary investigation of young adults (ages 18-20 years), the Bogalusa Heart Study documented patterns of alcohol, tobacco, and oral contraceptive use, as well as changes in education, occupational, marital and parenting status. Such behaviors accelerate the cardiovascular disease process and may differentially influence risk factor patterns of race and sex groups. Adverse levels of systolic blood pressure and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol were more frequent in married vs single men; elevated triglyceride levels were more frequent in married vs single whites. However adverse levels of beta- and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol were more frequent in nonparents than in parents. Cigarette smoking and oral contraceptive use were independently related to elevated beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol levels of young white women. Alcohol consumption was highest among white males, with 32% reporting daily consumption of the equivalent of two or more beers or one mixed drink. Alcohol consumption was negatively correlated with blood pressure in white males and positively correlated with alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol in black males. Since such lifestyle factors are related to physiologic risk factors that result in heart disease and adult cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the older ages, early targeting during adolescence and young adulthood is important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Transitions of cardiovascular risk from adolescence to young adulthood--the Bogalusa Heart Study: II. Alterations in anthropometric blood pressure and serum lipoprotein variables.

Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors change over time with the emergence of clinically recognizable abnormalities (obesity, hypertension and hyperlipoproteinemia) in the second and third decades of life. A cohort of 286 subjects, aged 11-15 in 1973-74 were reexamined 6 years later to observe changes in height, weight, blood pressure, lipids and lipoproteins between adolescence and adulthood. During the 6 years of follow-up, 10-11 year-old males increased 30 cm in height and 32 kg in weight. Among 10-11 year-old girls, height increased 12-15 cm and weight increased 15 kg in whites and 20 kg in blacks. Mean systolic BP increased 16-23 mmHg in black males and 11-15 mmHg in white males. Mean serum total cholesterol levels increased with age such that levels in 20 year olds were 160-190 mg/dl, about 10 to 15 mg/dl higher than 18 year olds. In white males beta-lipoprotein cholesterol increased (13 mg/dl) with age; however, there was a simultaneous decrease in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol (11 mg/dl), resulting in a dramatic rise in the beta-LPC/alpha-LPC ratio. These adverse changes in LPC may be related to the early development of atherosclerosis and risk for coronary heart disease of young white men. Early identification of hypertension and hyperlipoproteinemia should help to predict and prevent future CV disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels and their relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in children: Bogalusa Heart Study.

Plasma glucose and insulin levels were determined in a total biracial community of 3313 children, ages 5-17 years. Black children have significantly higher insulin and lower glucose levels than white children of comparable age and sex. Children of diabetic parents have elevated levels of age- and weight-adjusted fasting cholesterol. Moderate tracking (r = 0.31) of glucose levels over a 3-year period was seen. Insulin levels, however, track well (r = 0.36) only in older children (ages 9-14 years at initial examination). Fasting insulin levels are positively related to measures of obesity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In addition, insulin levels are negatively related to alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Fasting glucose levels are positively related to systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, and obesity levels. The relationship of plasma glucose and insulin levels to the traditional cardiovascular risk factors in children emphasizes the importance of subtle abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism in the early natural history of cardiovascular disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Influence of serum lipoproteins and carbohydrate metabolism on erythrocyte membrane composition in children: Bogalusa Heart Study.

The influence of serum lipoprotein profile and measures of carbohydrate metabolism on erythrocyte membrane composition were examined in four groups of children (n = 356, ages 6 to 18 years) from a total biracial population whose earlier very low density (VLDL-C) or low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (or both) were in the extreme quintiles or quartiles. Erythrocyte membranes of white children contained significantly increased levels of protein (+2.0%) and phospholipid (+2.7%) and decreased levels of neutral sugars (-4.6%) when compared to black children. Membrane neutral sugars were markedly higher (+4.7%) in girls than in boys. Membrane protein was lowest in children characterized by high LDL-C and low VLDL-C. The phospholipid/protein ratio was consistently higher (+1.9%) in the low VLDL-C strata. The relationships between membrane constituents and plasma/serum variables were explored after controlling for race, sex, and age effects and after combining the four selection groups. Less membrane cholesterol was present in the lowest (v highest) quintile of serum LDL-C/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (P less than 0.01). Membrane phospholipid levels were lower in the highest (v lowest) quintiles of the apoB/apoA-I ratio (P less than 0.01). With respect to measures of carbohydrate tolerance, membrane hexosamine showed low values in the highest (v lowest) quintile of hemoglobin A1c, while the trend was opposite for plasma insulin response (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cigarette smoking initiation and longitudinal changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins in early adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

To examine the influence of cigarette smoking initiation on serum lipid and lipoprotein changes in early life, 747 nonsmoking 9- to 17-year-olds from the biracial community of Bogalusa, Louisiana were reexamined five to six years following an initial screening. Upon reexamination in 1981-1983, 147 reported smoking cigarettes (mean duration, 3.5 years; median number of weekly cigarettes, 20). Compared with nonsmokers, persons who began smoking had more unfavorable changes in serum triglycerides and lipoprotein cholesterol levels during follow-up, independently of age, sexual maturation, obesity, alcohol consumption, and oral contraceptive use in females. Smoking initiation was not associated with increases in serum total cholesterol levels, but compared with nonsmokers, white males and white females smoking three or more packs weekly showed additional mean increases of 13.2 and 11.6 mg/dl in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, additional 5.9 and 2.4 mg/dl increases in very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and additional decreases of 15.6 and 9.2 mg/dl in high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, respectively. Black smokers showed larger increases in serum triglycerides and VLDL-C levels than did black nonsmokers. These findings indicate that the start of even modest cigarette smoking may have potentially long-term atherogenic effects. Prevention of smoking in early life should therefore be an important aspect of cardiovascular disease intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Factors associated with adolescent participation in a cardiovascular risk factor assessment program.

A Student Attitude Survey was administered to high school seniors to determine attitudinal and behavioral factors associated with participation in a longitudinal cardiovascular risk factor screening program. Health beliefs, attitudes, and practices were assessed as were altruism, social skills, self-concept, conformity, and academic class standing. Male participants showed higher self-concept scores than non participants. Black participants were younger than black nonparticipants and black participants also showed greater perceived control over their health and more optimistic appraisals of the worth of medical research and practice. White male participants tended to be more likely to remain home from school or to see a doctor when ill. These observations suggest that attitudinal and behavioral factors related to participation in a health-related program can be assessed in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Racial (black-white) comparisons of the relationship of levels of endogenous sex hormones to serum lipoproteins during male adolescence: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

The cross-sectional relationship of endogenous androgens (testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA-S]), estrogen (estradiol) and progestin (progesterone) to serum levels of lipoprotein cholesterol (very low-density [VLDL], low-density [LDL], and high-density lipoprotein [HDL]) and apolipoproteins (apo A-I and apo B) were studied in white (n = 251) and black (n = 258) adolescent boys, ages 11 to 17 years, as part of the Bogalusa Heart Study. Black boys had significantly higher levels of estradiol, HDL cholesterol, and apo A-I, and lower levels of androstenedione and VLDL cholesterol than white boys, independent of age and adiposity. Age was correlated strongly with testosterone and androstenedione, and moderately with DHEA-S and estradiol levels in both races. However, only in white boys was age consistently related to VLDL cholesterol (positively), HDL cholesterol (negatively), and apo A-I (negatively). Overall, testosterone was associated inversely with HDL cholesterol and apo A-I in white boys, while progesterone was related positively to apo A-I in both races after adjusting for age and adiposity. However, these relationships were found to differ with age. Partial correlations between levels of sex hormones and lipoproteins adjusted for age and adiposity showed no associations in the 11 to 12 year age group in boys of either race. A significant positive relation of testosterone to VLDL cholesterol, and inverse relations of testosterone to HDL cholesterol and apo A-I and DHEA-S to HDL cholesterol were apparent only in white boys in the 13 to 14 year age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Persistence of high diastolic blood pressure in thin children. The Bogalusa Heart Study.

Relationships between initial anthropometric variables and subsequent diastolic blood pressure (fourth phase) were examined in children identified as being in the upper quintile for diastolic blood pressure at Year 1. Of 156 white children, aged 10 to 14 years, with diastolic blood pressure levels in the upper age-race-sex-specific quintile at Year 1, 38% remained in the upper quintile at Year 4. However, there was a definite trend for leaner children, defined by ponderosity (weight/height3) to remain in the highest diastolic blood pressure quintile (p less than 0.001). Of white children originally identified in the highest quintile for diastolic blood pressure and the lowest quintile for ponderosity (lean group), 67% (18 of 27) remained in the upper quintile at Year 4. In contrast, only 21% (11 of 52) of white children identified as being in the highest quintile for both diastolic blood pressure and ponderosity (obese group) at Year 1 were in the upper diastolic blood pressure quintile at Year 4. Similar results were seen in children examined 5 years later. Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses confirmed the negative relationship between initial ponderosity and subsequent diastolic blood pressure, especially in older children. A similar relationship was noted in black children. Potential differences in the etiological process of obesity-related and non-obesity-related high blood pressure were examined. These observations indicate that characteristics other than obesity can contribute to high blood pressure in late childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Longitudinal patterns of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use in youth: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Tobacco use was studied during 1977-76 (n = 2880) and 1981-82 (n = 2158) in a total biracial community of children, aged 8-17 years, in Bogalusa, Louisiana. White males were the early adopters of tobacco products in both surveys. Cigarette smoking decreased in all race and gender groups while smokeless tobacco use increased in White males. Studies which find a decline in male adolescent smoking should investigate a possible concurrent increase in smokeless tobacco.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Serum apolipoproteins A-I and B in 2,854 children from a biracial community: Bogalusa Heart Study.

Serum apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and apolipoprotein B (apo B) profiles were examined in 2,854 children, 5 to 17 years of age, from a total biracial community. Black boys had higher apo A-I levels than white boys (P less than .001), whereas girls showed no such race-related difference. Black-white difference in apo A-I persisted among boys with similar triglyceride levels provided that triglyceride levels were high. The ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)/apo A-I was higher in black than in white children, irrespective of sex (P less than .001). Only black children showed sex-related differences for apo A-I (boys greater than girls, P less than .05). Sex-related differences were seen in white children for HDL-C/apo A-I ratio (boys greater than girls, P less than .001) and in children of both races for apoB (girls greater than boys, P less than .01). Age-related changes were more apparent for apo A-I and HDL-C/apo A-I ratio than for apo B. A progressive decrease in apo A-I was noted during sexual maturation only in white boys. The magnitude of inverse association of apo B to HDL-C was less strong in black children (P less than .01). Although apo A-I was inversely correlated with very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in white children, no association was noted in black children. These findings are indicative of intrinsic metabolic differences among the race-sex groups, resulting in variability in lipoprotein composition and levels and atherogenic potential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Macronutrient intakes of 10-year-old children, 1973 to 1982.

Diets of four groups of 10-year-old children (no. = 871) from a biracial community were examined to document eating patterns and to note temporal trends in energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes. A 24-hour dietary recall method, incorporating numerous quality controls, was adapted for interviewing children. Protein provided 13%, fat 38%, and carbohydrate 49% of calories. Few racial differences in eating patterns were detected. Boys had higher energy intakes than girls, but after diets were adjusted per 1,000 kcal, no other sex differences in intake were found. Snacks yielded roughly one-third of daily energy intake, one-fifth of the day's protein, one-third of the fat, and two-fifths of the total carbohydrate intake. Density of macronutrients within the children's diets was consistent over time. Diets of children in the Bogalusa study typify the American eating pattern and are comparable with those found in major national surveys.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1985

Relationship of changes in obesity to serum lipid and lipoprotein changes in childhood and adolescence.

To assess relationships between increases in triceps skin-fold thickness (TRSF) and changes in levels of serum lipids and lipoproteins in early life, a biracial sample of 1,598 five to 12 year olds were reexamined five years after an initial examination. Significant positive correlations, controlled for age, were observed between changes in TRSF and changes in levels of serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and low- and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Inverse associations between changes in TRSF and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were weaker, but also statistically significant. Although females showed the largest increases in TRSF, most associations were stronger in males. Increases in estimated percentage body fat and ponderal index (kilograms per cubic meter) were highly associated with changes in TRSF, but showed slightly different associations with the serum lipids and lipoproteins. Results show that increases in obesity in youth are accompanied by an increasingly atherogenic lipoprotein profile.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

High density lipoprotein and coronary artery disease risk factors in children with different lipoprotein profiles: Bogalusa Heart Study.

Serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) profiles were examined in subgroups of children (n = 338), initially aged 2-14 years, whose earlier beta-lipoprotein cholesterol (beta-LPC) and pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol (pre-beta-LPC) measurements were in extreme percentiles of values from a biracial community. Relationships of HDL-C and apo A-1 to serum lipoprotein lipids, apoprotein B (apo B), subscapular skinfold thickness, fasting and 1/2 hr postglucose plasma insulin, and fasting and 1 hr postglucose plasma glucose and free fatty acids were examined. Clustering of several coronary artery disease risk factors in these children was observed. HDL-C levels tended to be low in children having high pre-beta-LPC levels and apo A-1 levels were low in boys having high pre-beta-LPC levels. Within beta- and pre-beta-LPC strata, differences were also observed with respect to race, but not sex, in the mean levels of both HDL-C and apo A-1. HDL-C and apo A.1 were related inversely to subscapular skinfold thickness and plasma insulin levels in all children except those with low levels of both beta-LPC and pre-beta-LPC. Ratios of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol/HDL-C and of apo B/apo A-1 were related positively with other coronary artery disease risk factors except in children having low levels of both beta-LPC and pre-beta-LPC. The magnitude of these associations was greater in whites than in blacks. These observations may help to identify, at an early age, children at high risk of developing coronary artery disease in adulthood.

Adolescent↗