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Biomedical subjects

L S Jones

Publications and source records attributed to L S Jones.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Follow-up of patients with tuberculosis treated in a general hospital program. Treatment largely as outpatients by community physicians.

As of December 1975, there had been 5 to 8 1/2 years of observation on 263 patients with bacteriologically proven tuberculosis who were initially admitted to a general hospital and were treated largely as outpatients by community physicians from July 1967 through December 1970. Ten patients died during hospitalization, and 253 were released to therapy as outpatients. Although smears or cultures of sputum remained positive at discharge in 136 (54 percent) of the 253 patients, no new infections were subsequently detected among their contacts. During initial therapy, 24 patients died of causes other than tuberculosis. Of the remaining 229 patients, the original 18-month treatment was successful in 197 (86 percent). The treatment failed initially in 11 patients, eight of whom represented relapses from previous therapy. During long-term follow-up of the 229 patients, there were only six relapses (3 percent) after the initial success. An overall rate of successful treatment of 92 percent (211/229) was achieved in the program, with 18 failures of treatment (8 percent); ie, 11 patients were lost to supervision, four died of tuberculosis, and in three, treatment was never successful.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

The continuous kinetic determination of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation in hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver.

P-Nitroanisole O-demethylation by perfused rat liver based on the spectral properties of the product, p-nitrophenolate, was determined continuously. Rates of p-nitrophenol production in this system were sensitive to inhibition by CO. p-Nitrophenolate production by livers of normal animals was linear for up to 30 minutes; however, rates were only linear for 1 to 2 minutes followed by a steady decline in induced (6-fold) livers from phenobarbital-treated rats. Only a small portion (24%) of this steady decline could be accounted for by the formation of conjugation products. Additionally, infusion of p-nitrophenol (14 micronM) was not associated with a decline in rate. The decline in rate in induced livers was reversed by glucose, suggesting that an intimate relationship may exist between drug and carbohydrate metabolism in the intact liver. Alteration in rates of p-nitroanisole metabolism with various inducing agents of the mixed-function oxidation system (phenobarbital; ethanol) produced parallel changes in rates of hepatic lactate production, most likely reflecting the aciton of p-nitrophenol to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. The data support the hypothesis that the decline in rate in p-nitroanisole O-demethylation in livers from phenobarbital-treated rats is due to reduced availability of NADPH for mixed-function oxidation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) on CA3 and CA1 responses in rat hippocampus.

Diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP), an insecticide, is a potent anticholinesterase that binds essentially irreversibly to acetylcholinesterase, resulting in severe, acute neurologic pathology, and less severe, but longer-lasting, delayed neuropathy. We report here on the short-term effects of bath-applied DFP on extracellularly recorded responses from CA3 and CA1 of rat hippocampus. Exposure to 10 microM DFP evokes low amplitude, spontaneous bursts in CA3 generally within 10 minutes, and the bursting does not reverse with washing. The CA1 neuronal population usually bursts synchronously with CA3, but the population events are of low amplitude and sometimes not detectable, implying a differential sensitivity to DFP. These effects were partially blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine, while the cholinergic antagonist gallamine had little effect. Also, the reversible anticholinesterase physostigmine could, within temporal limits, protect slices from DFP's effects, implicating the cholinergic system as the probable mediator in the first stages of DFP-induced epileptogenesis.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of baclofen and pertussis toxin on epileptiform activity induced in the hippocampal slice by magnesium depletion.

Bathing hippocampal slices in artificial cerebrospinal fluid without magnesium elicits repetitive, long ictal-like discharges termed ictaform events. The ictaform events are separated by interictal periods that are initially silent with no interictal bursts. Interictal bursts appear in the later part of the interictal periods and intensify just before the next ictaform event. The GABAB agonist, baclofen, entirely suppressed interictal bursts during the interictal periods and produced a dose-dependent prolongation of the interictal period. Conversely, in slices pretreated with pertussis toxin to reduce the GABAB neurotransmission, interictal bursts were greatly increased, often occupying the entire interictal period, although the total duration of the interictal periods was not affected. Pertussis toxin pretreatment also lengthened the ictaform events. These opposing effects of baclofen and pertussis toxin suggest that GABAB neuro-transmission is important in regulating both the occurrence of interictal bursts in the interictal period, as well as the duration of ictaform events in the low magnesium model of epileptiform activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychometric testing of fatigue instruments for use with cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Cancer treatment-related fatigue (CRF) is a common side effect of cancer treatment. A problem identified in most reviews of CRF is lack of sound approaches to measurement that are congruent with the conceptualization of CRF as a self-perceived state. The diversity of instruments available to measure fatigue and the lack of comprehensive testing of several promising instruments with cancer patients undergoing treatment provided the rationale for this study. The purpose of this article is to report the results of psychometric testing of several fatigue instruments in patients undergoing cancer treatment. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of each instrument and to determine the ability of each instrument to capture CRF. METHODS: Existing fatigue instruments with published psychometric information that indicated suitability for further testing were selected and included the Profile of Mood States Short Form fatigue subscale (F_POMS-sf), Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF), Lee Fatigue Scale (LFS), and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Data were collected at a university-based clinical cancer center and a freestanding comprehensive cancer center. Subjects completed all study instruments, which were presented in random order, at a time when CRF was expected to be high and again when it was expected to be low. A subset of subjects completed the instruments within 48 hours of one of the data collection points when CRF was expected to be relatively unchanged to provide stability data. RESULTS: Reliability estimates using Cronbach's alpha indicated that all instruments examined had good internal consistency. Test-retest correlations showed good stability for total scores on all the instruments, but some subscales of the LFS and MFI had marginal stability. Factor analysis of all instruments indicated that only the LFS and the F_POMS-sf fully supported their construct validity. All of the instruments showed responsiveness to changes in CRF related to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study provide researchers and clinicians with detailed comparisons of the performance of established fatigue measures in cancer patients undergoing treatment to use when selecting measures of CRF.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Consequences to chicks hatched from Escherichia coli-inoculated embryos.

An Escherichia coli causing negligible mortality in embryonated chicken eggs was adapted to grow in media containing nalidixic acid. This isolate (EcNAL) was inoculated into 12-day-old embryonated eggs. Additional embryos inoculated with tryptose phosphate broth (TPB) served as controls. Six days later, all surviving eggs were moved to hatching units. One hatcher contained half of the TPB-inoculated eggs; the chicks hatching from these eggs served as negative controls. The EcNAL-inoculated eggs and the remaining TPB-inoculated eggs were moved to a second hatcher and allowed to hatch together; chicks hatching from these TPB-inoculated eggs served as contact controls. On day of hatch and at intervals thereafter, chicks from each of the treatment groups were sampled. Their body and yolk weights were recorded, and various tissues were cultured for the presence of the EcNAL bacterium. Hatchability of the EcNAL-inoculated embryos was markedly lower than that of either control group. Chicks from EcNAL-inoculated embryos also had low but detectable levels of mortality, lowered body weights, and increased yolk-to-body weight ratios. These same chicks had persistently high levels of EcNAL in the yolk and lower but detectable levels of the organism in the lungs and tracheas, which lasted a few days. The contact controls, on the other hand, were similar to the negative controls as far as having negligible mortality, steadily increasing body weights, and declining yolk-to-body weight ratios. However, in contrast to the negative controls, EcNAL was recovered primarily from the respiratory tract of the contact controls for a brief period of 3-4 days after hatch.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing care by telephone: describing practice in an ambulatory oncology center.

Ambulatory oncology nursing care focuses on providing patients and families with the knowledge and resources needed to manage the symptoms of disease and the side effects of treatment. Nurses practicing in ambulatory care settings have limited face-to-face interaction with patients and families. As a result, telephone contact is used to give information, provide encouragement, and assess the patient's condition. To develop and test methods of delivering care to oncology patients by telephone, current practices must be documented. This study describes the use of the telephone in ambulatory oncology nursing in one patient care setting. Over a six-month period, nurses reported on 1,844 patient calls. Data collected on these telephone calls included: duration, initiator, purpose, nurse's assessment of urgency level, impact on the nursing care plan, and changes made in the use of healthcare services. The Outcome Standards for Cancer Nursing Practice of The American Nurses' Association and the Oncology Nursing Society most frequently addressed during the calls were information, comfort, and coping. Nurses in this setting functioned independently, handling 91% of the calls they received and using consultation for 52% of the calls.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of patient-reported side effects among three chemotherapy regimens for breast cancer.

Patient's perceptions of side effects and the influence of treatment on daily activities are important considerations in choosing a chemotherapy regimen. However, there are no studies comparing patients' experiences with three commonly used chemotherapy regimens for breast cancer. The authors compared the patient-reported side effects and disruption in usual activities for cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil combined with methotrexate (CMF), doxorubicin (CAF), or mitoxantrone (CNF) in 86 women receiving treatment for breast cancer. The incidence and severity of side effects and disruption in usual activities were recorded by patients in a self-care diary (SCD) 2 and 5 days after the first and second drug cycles. Patients reported a mean of 3.2 to 4.9 side effects at each point in time. Fatigue, nausea, anorexia, taste changes, and headache were the most frequently reported side effects and did not differ in incidence among the three drug regimens. When repeated measures analysis of covariance was conducted using mean substitution for missing data and controlling for stage of disease, women receiving CAF reported more severe nausea than women receiving CMF or CNF (P < 0.05). Fatigue was significant for time; however, a distinct clinical pattern of fatigue was not apparent. Patients reported moderate levels of disruption in activities of daily living, with those receiving CAF having greater disruption. There was no difference among treatment groups in reports of overall disruption in activities. These data on patient reported experiences with side effects of chemotherapy can be used to prepare patients for specific side effects of treatment and facilitate symptom management.

Activities of Daily Living↗