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Biomedical subjects

L Russell

Publications and source records attributed to L Russell.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A human putative lymphocyte G0/G1 switch gene containing a CpG-rich island encodes a small basic protein with the potential to be phosphorylated.

Genes actively involved in the G0/G1 switch (G0S genes) may be differentially expressed during the lectin-induced switch of lymphocytes from the G0 to the G1 phases of the cell cycle. This paper presents studies of G0S2, a member of a set of putative G0S genes, for which cDNAs were cloned and selected on the basis of differential cDNA hybridization. G0S2 mRNA increases transiently within 1-2 hr of the addition of lectin or cycloheximide to cultured blood mononuclear cells. Comparison of a nearly full-length cDNA sequence with the corresponding genomic sequence reveals one small intron and an open reading frame in the second exon. The derived 103-amino-acid basic protein has two potential alpha-helical domains separated by a hydrophobic region with the potential to generate turns and assume a beta-sheet conformation. Consistent with involvement in the G0/G1 switch, the protein contains potential sites for phosphorylation by protein kinase C and casein kinase II. The gene contains a CpG-rich island suggesting expression in the germ line. An upstream segment contains tandem dinucleotide repeats (CT)19/(CA)16. There is a suitably located TATA box, but potential sites for CCAAT-box binding factors are far upstream, embedded in a 42-nucleotide repeat element. Potential sites for transcription factors AP1, AP2, and AP3 are consistent with rapid transcriptional activation in response to inducing agents.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Incidence of molds and mycotoxins in commercial animal feed mills in seven midwestern states, 1988-1989.

A total of 82 feed manufacturers located within seven midwestern states (Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan) participated in a survey of mold and mycotoxin contamination of corn. Samples were submitted from a composite of the grading samples taken from each incoming load of corn. The survey was initiated in July 1988. During the 12-mo period, moisture content of the corn samples upon receipt at the laboratory ranged from 10.5 to 13.3%. The greatest variation occurred in the springtime. Iowa's corn samples were driest (11.2%), and samples submitted from Ohio were wettest (12.8%). Mold counts averaged 2.63 x 10(4) per gram during the year. The predominant mold found was Fusarium sp. Samples were checked by black light and averaged 25.4% positive during the period. When assayed for mycotoxins, 19.5% of the samples were positive for at least one of the following: aflatoxin, zearalenone, T2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin). Aflatoxin and T2 toxin made up the majority of these samples containing toxin. The highest incidence of mycotoxin-contaminated corn (48%) occurred in samples submitted in July of 1988. Over the 12-mo period, the highest mycotoxin contamination occurred in Iowa, Illinois and Michigan. When samples were subjected to 90% relative humidity and 32 degrees C, an average of 3.9 d was required for mold growth to appear. After incubation, 24.7% of the samples contained one of the four toxins. The data indicate that mold and mycotoxin contamination of mixed samples of corn is widespread, even in the midwestern corn belt of the U.S.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1990

Sex and couples therapy: a method of treatment to enhance physical and emotional intimacy.

It has been well documented that couples presenting for sex therapy frequently have difficulties in resolving conflict and in expressing emotional as well as physical intimacy. Recent studies have shown that intimacy is an important variable in determining the health or pathology in the dyadic system. Furthermore, the level of intimacy is influenced by a capacity for self disclosure and an ability to consider the partner's opinion. This paper describes a method of treatment that combines well-known strategies to treat sexual problems with a new approach to couples therapy, which encourages self-disclosure to facilitate mutual understanding, decrease conflict, and increase intimacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The use of central venous catheters in paediatric oncology--a cautionary tale.

The use of indwelling central venous catheters has become widespread since their introduction by Broviac et al in 1973 and Hickman et al in 1974. They are of particular value in paediatric oncology where young children require intensive chemotherapy over a long period of time and where peripheral venous access may become a problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

An exploration of gender differences among the homeless.

Interviews were conducted with 337 homeless people in Utah. There were 266 men (79%) and 71 women (21%) with varied social networks: 76% alone, 4.7% single parents with children, 11.9% couples, and 7.4% in two-parent families. The majority of men were alone (86.9%), compared to only 35.2% of the women. The women were more likely than the men to have children (31% compared to 7%), to have had recent contact with their absent children, to express the expectation that their absent children would live with them again, and to be psychologically distressed (65.7% compared to 39%). Of the 41 with children, 61% were in two-parent families. Respondents with children tended to have been more recently homeless than those without children. The homeless are a heterogeneous population, and this must be taken into consideration when planning services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Late relapses in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Two children presented with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia 6 years and 8 years after cessation of maintenance treatment. Relapses this length of time off treatment are unusual, with only 7 previously reported cases. It is often unclear whether the relapse is of the original disease or a second leukemia, and our results in both cases suggest relapse of their primary disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Hemophagocytosis and acute monoblastic leukemia.

A 16-month-old girl presented with hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration showed a florid increase in macrophages with marked hemophagocytosis. She subsequently improved spontaneously with no therapeutic intervention, but 2 months later presented with frank acute monoblastic leukemia. This case illustrates the difficulties in classifying malignancies of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and how hemophagocytosis can be the presenting feature of a range of diseases.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Obstacles to research analysis.

1. The homeless population is composed of subgroups with varying mental health status and needs. 2. Different research designs and data collection methods require differing psychosocial abilities and skills on the part of the respondent. 3. As a result of the psychosocial abilities required and method of sampling, studies are likely to either underrepresent or overrepresent the severely mentally ill homeless. 4. Caution must be exercised in drawing conclusions from any one study.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1988

Fecapentaenes and their precursors throughout the bowel--results of an autopsy study.

The fecapentaenes are potent mutagens found in the stool of some humans and pigs. These compounds are produced by Bacteroides species in the gut from an uncharacterized family of precursor compounds, and have been postulated to pose a risk of human colorectal cancer. To better understand fecapentaene production in vivo, and to determine if excreted levels measured in epidemiologic studies are representative of the entire colon, fecapentaenes were assayed from multiple sites in the bowel in an autopsy study of 16 humans and 2 pigs. An indirect measurement of fecapentaene precursors was also made. Colonic concentrations of fecapentaenes and precursors varied widely between individuals, but were consistent for each individual throughout the colon. In addition, the measurements of rectal contents, assumed to approximate values in excreted stool, were equivalent to measurements from the colon.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Apnea testing in the diagnosis of brain death. Clinical and physiological observations.

The absence of spontaneous respiration is a crucial determinant in the diagnosis of brain death, but standardized criteria for apnea testing have not been established. Guidelines are proposed based on the results of 51 apnea tests and associated physiological measurements. In patients who fulfilled all other conventional criteria for brain death, three exhibited non-repetitive back arching and shoulder shrugging when CO2 pressures reached 41 to 51 mm Hg during apnea testing. These respiratory-like movements were ineffective for ventilation and were not reproducible on the following day at the same of higher pCO2. The nature of these movements, evoked potential testing, and autopsy results suggest that they were not triggered by normal medullary centers, and that these patients were, in fact, brain-dead. In four other patients with severe brain damage sparing only the medulla, normal spontaneous ventilation resumed at CO2 pressures of 30 to 39 mm Hg (mean 34 mm Hg). High arterial oxygen tension raised this apnea point slightly, but spontaneous breathing always began at CO2 pressures lower than 40 mm Hg. This level is therefore adequate to stimulate medullary respiration in patients with severe brain damage who are not brain-dead. In brain-dead patients, pCO2 rises slowly during apnea (2.58 +/- 0.85 mm Hg/min), in part because CO2 production is diminished (1.8 +/- 0.23 ml/min/kg). These data allow estimation of a desired length of an apnea test and standardized interpretation of results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Sperm-egg interaction: evidence for boar sperm plasma membrane receptors for porcine zona pellucida.

Freshly ejaculated, noncapacitated boar sperm bind rapidly and in large numbers to pig egg zona pellucida in vitro. In the present study, the number of sperm bound decreased sharply when sperm motility was lowered by energy poisons or by reducing the temperature. Highly motile sperm from humans, guinea pigs, and rats, added at concentrations ten times higher than control sperm, did not bind to the porcine zona. At the same high concentration, a small number of hamster and bull sperm bound to the zona. Binding of boar sperm to the zona pellucida was blocked almost completely by diluted whole antiserum to sperm plasma membranes and by univalent (Fab) antibody to these membranes. When antibody to sperm plasma membrane was first absorbed with plasma membrane vesicles, sperm binding was not inhibited. These results provide direct evidence for the existence of sperm plasma membrane receptors for the zona pellucida of the pig.

Animals↗