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Biomedical subjects

L Rovati

Publications and source records attributed to L Rovati.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Ectopic adrenal cortex tissue in the spermatic cord: clinico-surgical implications].

Ectopic corticoadrenal tissue is not a very uncommon finding during orchiopexy in children. The causes can be found in the period of organ development and gonadal migration (spermatic cord). From 1986 to 1990, we have performed 88 orchiopexy procedures in the Urology Service of "San Antonio Abad de Gallarate" Hospital. Only one case (1.13%) of juxta-funicular corticoadrenal ectopia has been observed. The aim of the present study is to determine the correct surgical approach to this incidental finding during surgery of the inguinal canal in pediatric patients.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1990

Effect of loxiglumide on gallbladder contractile response to cerulein and food in humans.

The present study investigated the effect of loxiglumide, a new selective cholecystokinin-receptor antagonist, on the gallbladder contractile responses to caerulein and to food in humans. In 6 healthy men, the gallbladder emptying driven by intravenous infusion of stepwise increasing doses of cerulein (10-80 ng/kg . h) and that induced by a 550-cal standard meal were monitored by ultrasonography. In both sets of experiments, the effect of loxiglumide was tested at various infusional rates against a control infusion of saline. An infusional rate of 2.5 mg/kg . h of loxiglumide abolished the gallbladder response even to maximal doses of cerulein, whereas a rate of 1.0 mg/kg . h counteracted the cholecystokinetic activity of cerulein up to the dose of 20 ng/kg . h. In postprandial experiments, the cholecystokinin antagonist dose-dependently inhibited the physiologic gallbladder contraction. The maximal gallbladder emptying, which always occurred 85 min after the meal, was 71.1% +/- 3.3% of basal volume in control studies, 39.2% +/- 1.8% during infusion of 2.5 mg/kg . h of loxiglumide, and 17.3% +/- 5.9% when 5.0 mg/kg . h were infused. A dose of 7.5 mg/kg . h of loxiglumide was able to prevent any postprandial emptying of the gallbladder. The present study shows that a selective cholecystokinin receptorial blockade competitively antagonizes cerulein-induced gallbladder contraction and dose-dependently inhibits postprandial gallbladder emptying.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cholecystokinin in the inhibition of gastric secretion and gastric emptying in humans.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is known to inhibit gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying but its physiological role in the inhibition of gastric functions is not settled. In this study performed on 16 young male subjects, gastric acid secretion and emptying rate were determined after intragastric administration of 8% peptone meal alone or in combination with intravenous infusion of graded doses of CCK-8 (5-80 pmol/kg.h) or with addition of vegetable oil to meal without or with pretreatment with loxiglumide, a specific CCK antagonist. CCK-8 infusion at lower dose (5 pmol/kg.h) was ineffective but at higher doses (20-80 pmol/kg.h) it resulted in a significant reduction in acid output by 39 and 43% and a decrease in gastric emptying from 54% to 40 and 22%, respectively. Pretreatment with loxiglumide abolished almost completely the inhibition of both gastric acid and gastric emptying by CCK-8. Fat added to peptone meal reduced gastric acid secretion by 42-65% and decreased gastric emptying to 24-32%. The pretreatment with loxiglumide tended to reduce fat-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying but the difference in the inhibition of gastric functions between the tests without and with loxiglumide was not significant. This study provides evidence that exogenous CCK administered at pharmacological doses is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying and probably acts via specific CCK receptors. In contrast, fat induces inhibition of gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying that cannot be fully attributed to hormonally acting CCK.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of loxiglumide on gallbladder emptying in healthy volunteers.

This study evaluates the effects of the specific cholecystokinin receptor antagonist loxiglumide on gall-bladder emptying after a meal or after intravenous infusion of caerulein in humans. Ten healthy male volunteers were studied five times on separate days. The following five studies were performed in randomized order: (a) caerulein was intravenously infused at doses increasing from 7.5 to 120 ng/kg.h without the antagonist; (b) in addition to increasing doses of caerulein, loxiglumide was given intravenously at doses of 0.2, 1.0, or 5.0 mg/kg.h; (c) a solid-liquid 800-kcal meal was given without loxiglumide; (d) the 800-kcal meal was given with simultaneous infusion of 1 or 5 mg/kg.h loxiglumide; and (e) loxiglumide (5 mg/kg.h) was given. without caerulein or the test meal. Gallbladder volume was measured by ultrasound. Loxiglumide dose-dependently inhibited gallbladder emptying induced by caerulein or the meal. High doses of the antagonist did not only abolish meal-induced gallbladder emptying but increased gallbladder volume after administration of caerulein or the meal when compared with prior fasting values. The antagonist given alone markedly increased gallbladder volumes compared with prior fasting values. In conclusion, given alone markedly increased gallbladder volumes compared with prior fasting values. In conclusion, cholecystokinin is the hormone primarily and mainly responsible for mediation of gallbladder emptying after a regular meal. Cholecystokinin might also play a physiologic role in the regulation of the fasting tone of the gallbladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

CCK receptor antagonism by loxiglumide and gall bladder contractions in response to cholecystokinin, sham feeding and ordinary feeding in man.

The postprandial contractions of the gall bladder result from the interaction of neurohormonal factors but their relative contribution is unknown. This study was designed to determine the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in gall bladder contractions using a highly selective and potent CCK-receptor antagonist, CR-1505 (loxiglumide) in healthy men either infused with exogenous CCK in graded doses (1.56-50 pmol/kg/h) or subjected to modified sham feeding (MSF) and ordinary feeding tests. The gall bladder volume measured by real time ultrasonography showed dose dependent decrease in the gall bladder volume in 10 subjects when CCK8 was infused iv in graded doses reaching about 15% at 1.56 pmol/kg/h and 91% at 50 pmol/kg/h. Close correlation between the decrease in gall bladder volume and the dosage of CCK or the increments in plasma CCK-bioactivity was observed. After pretreatment with loxiglumide, CCK resulted in similar increments in plasma CCK-bioactivity but failed to affect the gall bladder volume at CCK doses up to 6.25 pmol/kg/h and caused only 53% reduction at 50 pmol/kg/h. Modified sham feeding and real feeding reduced the volume of gall bladder by 20% and 70%, respectively and loxiglumide decreased these values to 15% and 30%, respectively. This study provides evidence that loxiglumide is highly potent and selective CCK antagonist and that endogenous CCK plays an important role both in the postprandial contractions of gall bladder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Postoperative external biliary fistulas: personal case series].

Over the period 1974-1986, five patients with external biliary fistulas were admitted to our clinic. The fistulas set in as complications of surgical operations due in 3 cases to a Kehr drainage of the common bile duct, in 1 case to drainage of a subhepatic abscess and in 1 case to pancreatic hydatid cyst. The causes of onset of the fistulas are reported as well as the therapy adopted in each case.

Biliary Fistula↗
PubMed1980

[Etiopathogenetic, diagnostic and clinical considerations on simultaneous bilateral carcinomas of the breast. II].

In the first note the Authors have described five cases of bilateral simultaneous breast carcinoma. Now they shortly describe some opinions about the problems of the genetic independence between the two diseases. They draw attention about the histologic diagnosis and the identification of diseases underestimated and now explained as carcinoma "in situ" potentially fit for transformation in infiltrating cancer. For this reason it's important and justifiable to have the patients with cancer of the breast, a series of clinical research as well as mammography thermography and biopsy of controlateral breast in order to ascertain the presence of carcinoma "in situ" that could justify the prophylactic mastectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Surgical treatment of gastric cancer. New experimental reconstructive technic after total gastrectomy].

The Authors deal the always present problem of a proper reconstruction of the digestive tract after total gastrectomy operations for gastric cancer. The Authors, then, describe a experimental operation, after having dealth with the considerations concerning the symptomatic consequences that usual different kind of operations cause upon patients. That operation has been experimented upon animals, and consists in a neo-stomach. In this reconstruction they interpose a tract of jejunum loop between oesophagus and duodenum. The jejunum loop must be lengthwise dissected, twisted and sutured in such away as to obtain a new structure that will be last anatomically similar to a stomach. The Authors hope that this new technique might be successfully applied upon man sometime in the future.

Animals↗