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Biomedical subjects

L Roth

Publications and source records attributed to L Roth.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Portosystemic shunts in cats: seven cases (1976-1984).

Congenital portosystemic venous shunt causing signs of hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed in 7 cats. The left gastric vein served as the shunt in four of these. Increases in blood ammonia and postprandial serum bile acids were the most consistent serum biochemical abnormalities. Excessive variation in red blood cell shape was a common but nonspecific hematologic finding. The jejunal-mesenteric venous injection of contrast material was the preferred method of portography to diagnose portosystemic shunts. Two cats were treated successfully by partial surgical occlusion of their shunts.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Clostridial peritonitis associated with a mast cell tumor in a dog.

Recurrent peritonitis caused by Clostridium limosum was associated with a mast cell tumor of a cranial mesenteric lymph node in a dog. The diagnosis of mast cell tumor was obscured because of the peritonitis and the appearance and location of the mass, which resembled an abscess. Since clostridial infections frequently are associated with neoplasia in man, veterinarians should be aware of the possibility of a similar relationship in animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Gastric rupture in horses: a review of 54 cases.

The historical, clinical, laboratory, surgical and necropsy findings in 54 cases of gastric rupture in horses are described. Eleven per cent of the deaths of horses undergoing exploratory coeliotomy for colic during the period of the study were a result of gastric rupture. Comparison with all horses which had exploratory coeliotomies for colic over an eight year period did not show that horses with gastric rupture were different from these reference horses regarding age, breed or season. There were fewer stallions than expected in the gastric rupture group. Horses with histories of both acute and chronic (more than 36 h) colic were susceptible to gastric rupture. Primary and idiopathic causes of gastric dilation and rupture accounted for about one-third of the horses. All but one of these cases resulting from secondary causes fell into three aetiologically-related groups: obstructive, peritoneal and enteric, with approximately equal numbers of horses in each group. Most of the ruptures occurred along the greater curvature of the stomach. At least six horses ruptured their stomachs postoperatively in the presence of an indwelling nasogastric tube. The presence or absence of gastric reflux following nasogastric intubation was not a reliable indicator, on its own, of gastric dilation. Horses that later died from gastric rupture had markedly elevated heart rate, hypochloraemia, peritoneal exudative effusion (particularly with evidence of sepsis), pre- and/or postoperative gastric reflux and small or large intestinal disease. However, no distinctive feature of these horses was shown to place them at risk of gastric rupture.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Congestive cardiomyopathy in the woodchuck, Marmota monax.

Congestive cardiomyopathy was diagnosed during post mortem examination in eight of 149 adult woodchucks from New York. The eight woodchucks, four males and four females, died spontaneously without clinical signs of heart failure having been detected. The primary lesion was a grossly enlarged and dilated heart. Histologic lesions consisted of multifocal myocardial degeneration and necrosis. Secondary lesions of congestive heart failure were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Scintigraphic diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in the woodchuck (Marmota monax).

Hepatic imaging with 99mTc-sulfur colloid was used to diagnose primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in woodchucks infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). Based on imaging results, 6 of 12 WHV-infected woodchucks had space-occupying hepatic lesions, and all 6 had PHC. Of the remaining woodchucks, 2 did not have PHC, 2 had discrete tumors (less than 1 cm diameter), 1 had miliary small tumors, and 1 had tumors located near the great vessels. Hepatic imaging was a valuable technique for diagnosis of PHC in WHV-infected woodchucks.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Light microscopic and electron microscopic changes in the livers of cats with extrahepatic bile duct obstruction.

Light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic changes were studied in the livers of 6 cats at 25 to 54 days after their extrahepatic bile ducts were experimentally obstructed. Histologic findings included various degrees of bile duct dilatation, ductular proliferation, and peribiliary fibrosis. Concentric layers of dense, birefringent connective tissue surrounded midsized bile ducts. The degrees of bile duct proliferation, hepatocellular degeneration, and bile retention were similar in each cat, but the amount of periductular connective tissue increased with chronicity of bile duct obstruction. Ultrastructural changes included marked swelling of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial inner compartments, marked dilatation and distention of the canaliculi by bile casts, and numerical reduction of canalicular microvilli. Microvilli were often swollen and blunt. Mitochondria were swollen and long, and the cristae lacked normal distribution and density. Cytoplasmic accumulations of granular, electron-dense material and concentrically laminated arrays of material indicative of bile substances were also observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma associated with persistent woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.

The livers of 16 woodchucks with naturally acquired chronic infection with woodchuck hepatitis virus were examined both grossly and histologically in 14 biopsy specimens and seven necropsy specimens. Fifteen woodchucks had lesions characteristic of chronic hepatitis; ten of these had chronic active hepatitis, four had chronic persistent hepatitis, and one had cirrhosis with nodular regeneration. In one woodchuck there was massive hepatic necrosis attributed to infection with an unclassified protozoan. Thirteen woodchucks had primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Metastasis to the lung was observed in only one woodchuck. These results were compared to liver lesions in 149 woodchuck hepatitis virus-negative woodchucks. Chronic hepatitis comparable to that associated with woodchuck hepatitis virus infection was not observed in woodchuck hepatitis virus-negative woodchucks although in one, a single, small hepatocellular adenoma was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Laboratory assessment of hepatic injury in the woodchuck (Marmota monax).

Normal reference values for total serum protein, albumin, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and total bilirubin were established in 48 clinically healthy woodchucks. To validate the use of these biochemical tests in the woodchuck for assessment of liver injury, carbon tetrachloride was administered to produce hepatocellular necrosis and the common bile duct was surgically occluded to produce cholestasis. Biochemical tests were performed prior to experimental treatment and thereafter in surviving woodchucks for a period of 6 weeks. There were marked increases in the serum activities of AST, ALT, and SDH following carbon tetrachloride administration and all 3 enzymes appeared to be useful markers of acute hepatocellular injury. The predominate biochemical abnormalities in woodchucks with bile duct obstruction were hyperbilirubinemia, hypercholesterolemia and increased serum AP and GGT activities. The increase of GGT occurred earlier following bile duct obstruction and the magnitude of increase was greater than that of AP, suggesting that GGT would be the preferred serum enzyme test in the woodchuck for assessment of cholestatic liver injury.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1985

Cutaneous histiocytoma in a goat.

A cutaneous histiocytoma involving the scrotum was diagnosed in a 14-month-old French Alpine buck. A wedge biopsy was taken for histologic examination. The remaining tumor regressed spontaneously and had completely resolved within six months of initial observation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Laboratory diagnosis in a case of fatal progressive vaccinia due to manifest immunologic deficiencies.

A case of progressive vaccinia is described, in a 21 years old man, diagnosed after 8 months of vaccinial lesion's evolution. The area of vaccination developed progressive necrosis and metastatic lesions evolved on various regions of the body. The vaccinia virus was isolated on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs, from the cutaneous lesions, blood, internal organs and even from the apparently intact skin.--The serological tests indicated hypogammaglobulinemia with absence of neutralizing antibodies.--The death occured after 366 days. The progressive vaccinia described above represents the case with the most prolonged evolution known until now.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Literacy skills of long-term hospitalized mental patients.

The authors tested 48 patients who had lived in a state psychiatric hospital for extended periods to determine their literacy levels. Measures used were the reading test portion of the Adult Basic Learning Examination (ABLE) and selected questions from the Adult Performance Level (APL) test, which attempts to assess competencies necessary to function effectively in society. Nearly half of the patients scored at the fourth-grade level or below on the ABLE, and their scores on the APL were well below norms for other groups. No correlation was found between number of years of hospitalization and test performance. From the findings the authors conclude that both in-hospital and aftercare programs must recognize that literacy level is an important factor in the the rehabilitation or recidivism of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Salicylate excretion in the rat; free flow micropuncture experiments.

As in other animals, the renal clearance of salicylate in the rat is greater when the urine is alkaline than when it is acid. In none of the present experiments was the rate of salicylate excretion greater than the rate of its glomerular filtration. Nevertheless, net secretion of salicylate was observed in the proximal tubules of alkalotic, nonalkalotic diuretic, and normal hydropenic animals when the plasma concentration of salicylate was below 150 microgram/ml. Alkalosis enhanced the salicylate content of proximal tubular fluid (approximately 30%). The enhancement is less than would be expected from published reports of proximal tubular fluid pH, if non-ionized salicylate were the only permeant form of the drug. In the absence of alkalosis and at high plasma concentrations, net reabsorption in the proximal tubule was observed. In some circumstances there is net reabsorption of salicylate between the end of the accessible portion of the proximal tubule and the beginning of the distal. Salicylate is reabsorbed from the distal tubule. There was only a small difference in distal reabsorptive rate between normal and alkalotic animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of mutant host RNA polymerase on the bifunctional activities of P22 gene c1.

The product of phage P22 gene c1 has two functions: (1) it promotes synthesis of repressor and (2) during the first minutes of infection it retards expression of some lytic genes. We call the second, negative function "c1 retardation". We investigated c1 retardation in a mutant host of Salmonella typhimurium that is resistant to rifampicin and carries an altered RNA polymerase. No c1 retardation of DNA synthesis was detectable in this host after infection with wild-type phages. This elimination of the normally detectable c1 function leads to the conclusion that the mutant RNA polymerase interferes with the expression of c1 gene activity. Wild-type genes form clear plaques on the mutant host. Mutants of P22 called cly were isolated by others. These mutants form turbid plaques on the altered RNA polymerase host. Infections with P22 cly in the mutant host resulted in detectable c1 retardation. The cly mutation therefore restores c1 activity in a host which wild-type c1 is not expressed. Two spontaneous mutants were isolated from the mutant host. These two strains allowed partial expression of c1 retardation, although they remained rifampicin resistant. We interpret our data to indicate that expression of the normal functions of the gene c1 product requires an interaction of that product with the host RNA polymerase.

DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases↗