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Biomedical subjects

L Rosen

Publications and source records attributed to L Rosen.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The dexamethasone suppression test in suicidal patients with unipolar depression.

Of 49 newly hospitalized patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for primary unipolar depression and were given the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), significantly more patients admitted for suicide attempts than nonsuicidal patients had abnormal DSTs. All five patients who made subsequent suicide attempts (one completed) within 6 months after admission had had abnormal DSTs. These findings suggest that the tendency of endogenously depressed patients to attempt suicide is exacerbated by an underlying neurobiological disorder reflected by limbic-hypothalamic dysregulation and that depressed suicidal patients with abnormal DSTs represent a high-risk group for recurrence of suicidal behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Development of speech-audiometric materials for native Spanish-speaking adults.

The lack of valid and reliable Spanish speech audiometry materials constitutes an important clinical problem. Such tests necessitate the construction of appropriate materials. Analysis of English and Spanish literature on speech audiometry led to the identification of guidelines for new test materials in the Spanish language. Test lists were devised, recorded and used to evaluate 10 normal-hearing native Spanish-speaking subjects. The results obtained led to a final set of recorded lists. Boston College Auditory Test lists may be used successfully with Spanish-speaking patients. The current study should provide the impetus and sufficient guidelines upon which speech stimuli in other languages may be constructed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Transovarial transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti.

Transovarial transmission of all four dengue serotypes was demonstrated in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The rates of such transmission varied with the serotype and strain of virus. In general, the highest rates were observed with strains of dengue type 1 and the lowest with dengue type 3. Surprisingly, despite the use of viral strains of the four dengue serotypes which gave the highest rates with Ae. albopictus, transovarial transmission was observed in Aedes aegypti only with dengue type 1, and then only at a relatively low rate. Five different strains of Ae. aegypti were employed, including one that was known to be relatively susceptible to oral infection with dengue viruses. The findings support the view that Ae. aegypti, while of major importance from the point of view of transmission of dengue to man, may be relatively unimportant in the overall natural history of dengue viruses.

Aedes↗
PubMed1983

Absence of intrauterine infection following Ross River virus infection during pregnancy.

An epidemic of Ross River virus (RRV) infection occurred in the Cook Islands in early 1980, and infected about 70% of the adult population of Rarotonga, the most populous island of the group. In July 1981, 80 mothers were identified as having been in the first trimester of pregnancy during the outbreak. Fifty-two of the at-risk mothers along with 63 of the offspring were ultimately examined. Of these 52 mothers, 39 (75%) were found to have serological evidence of RRV infection. Of the 63 infants located, 52 were examined serologically. None of the infants examined had serological evidence of RRV infection. There was no difference in age, size, or malformation rate in the offspring of the serologically positive or serologically negative mothers. These studies do not support an earlier report that RRV causes intrauterine infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1982

Mortality, morbidity, and patterns of recurrence after abdominoperineal resection for cancer of the rectum.

Records of 230 patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection between 1963 and 1976 were reviewed. The median age of the patients was 62 years. The mortality rate was 1.7 per cent, and the morbidity rate was 61 per cent. One hundred eighty patients were followed for five to 13 years to identify patterns of recurrence. Ten-year survival for Dukes' A, B, and C lesions was 83 per cent, 57 per cent, and 31 per cent, respectively. Seventy-eight patients (43 per cent) had recurrent cancer; 10 per cent had local lesions, and 33 per cent had distant lesions. Dukes' B lesions had a greater latency for local recurrence than Dukes' C lesions. Dukes' A lesions with distant recurrence had a greater latency than Dukes' B or C lesions. Once recurrence was established, the survival rate was not significantly different, regardless of Dukes' stage or local or distant site. Radiation therapy for established local recurrence or chemotherapy for established distant recurrence did not seem to alter survival rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Ross River virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) infection (epidemic polyarthritis) in American Samoa.

An outbreak of Ross River virus infection (epidemic polyarthritis), which occurred in American Samoa between August 1979 and January 1980, is described. On the basis of a serological survey performed near the end of the epidemic, it is estimated that at least 13,500 people were infected. Ross River virus was isolated from the blood of a single polyarthritis patient. Plaque reduction neutralization tests, using this virus strain, were done on 393 human and 143 animal sera collected on Tutuila island. Over-all, 43.8% of the people sampled had evidence of infection. Sera from 100 adult residents of the same island, collected in 1972, had no Ross River antibody, suggesting recent introduction of the virus. In contrast to the human serological data, the prevalence of Ross River antibodies among animals was relatively low. Dogs and pigs had the highest rates with 20% and 15%, respectively. Results of this study suggest that the Ross River virus cycle during the epidemic in American Samoa involved primarily humans and mosquitoes with animals less frequently infected. These observations plus the recent introduction of Ross River virus into new areas of the South Pacific suggest that a major change has occurred in the epidemiology of epidemic polyarthritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Epstein-Barr virus infections in a nursery.

Tests for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antibody were carried out on 115 children, aged 4-32 months, on admission to and discharge from the Junior Village nursery, Washington, D.C. Forty-three children positive on admission remained positive at discharge, 44/72 negative on admission remained negative at discharge, and 28/72 negative on admission converted to positive at discharge. Age, sex and season did not appear to influence the rate of EBV seroconversion among the nursery children. The only identifiable factor that significantly increased the rate of EBV seroconversion was the duration of nursery residency. The rates were 1/9 (11%), 1/29 (3%), and 11/16 (69%) among children residing for 1.5-2.4, 2.5-4.4 and 4.5-7.4 months, respectively. Children residing in the nursery for 1.5-4.4 months and children residing at home had similar EBV-seroconversion rates. For children residing in the nursery for 4.5-7.4 months, however, the observed EBV-seroconversion rate was much higher than the rate estimated for children living at home.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Pretreatment source of income and response to methadone maintenance: a follow-up study.

The authors assessed the relationship between source of pretreatment income and response to treatment at 6-month follow-up in 165 male veterans admitted to a methadone maintenance treatment program. Subjects were grouped according to whether the majority of their pretreatment income was based on job earnings, public assistance, or criminal activity. Significant improvements in drug use, legal status, and psychological functioning were found in the employed group. The group supported by criminal activity showed the most significant and pervasive improvements, especially in the areas of drug use and family, legal, and employment problems. The group receiving public assistance showed no significant improvements on any of the 16 criterion measures, including drug use.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Epidemic polyarthritis (Ross River) virus infection in the Cook Islands.

An epidemic of Ross River virus infection occurred in the Cook Islands early in 1980 and affected the majority of the inhabitants of Rarotonga, the most populated island in the group. This represents the easternmost extension of the virus which, until 1979, was believed limited to Australia, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. The clinical manifestations of Ross River disease, predominantly polyarthritis, did not differ significantly from those observed previously in Australia. However, unlike the experience in Australia, where Ross River virus has never been isolated from a patient with polyarthritis, the agent was recovered from the serum of one-half of approximately 100 such patients with serologically proven infections. It is not known if this latter observation is the result of a change in the virus, the different virus isolation technique employed, or other factors. It was found that the incubation period of the disease could be as short as 3 days--much less than previously suspected. Ross River virus was isolated from six pools of Aedes polynesiensis mosquitoes collected in nature and it appeared that this species was the most probable vector on Rarotonga. In view of the widespread distribution of Ae. polynesiensis on islands, in the eastern Pacific it would not be surprising if Ross River virus occurs in other previously unaffected areas in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The use of Toxorhynchites mosquitoes to detect and propagate dengue and other arboviruses.

Both sexes of Toxorhynchites amboinensis, an unusually large, non-blood sucking mosquito, were found to be as susceptible to infection with each of the four types of dengue virus by intrathoracic inoculation as Aedes albopictus. Tx. amboinensis infected with dengue virus could be identified easily by fluorescent antibody staining of head squashes and had advantages of size, hardiness, and safety (for females) as compared with Ae. albopictus. Tx. amboinensis also were more susceptible to infection with Japanese and St. Louis encephalitis viruses than were Vero cell cultures and appeared useful for detection and propagation of other flaviviruses and arthropod-borne viruses of other taxonomic groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Carbon dioxide sensitivity in mosquitoes infected with sigma, vesicular stomatitis, and other rhabdoviruses.

Carbon dioxide, usually an innocuous narcotic for insects, kills mosquitoes infected with rhabdoviruses. Such toxicity was originally observed in Drosophila harboring a hereditary virus, sigma, and has been considered unique to Drosophila. The new findings support the possibility that insects with piercing and sucking mouthparts harbor similar hereditary viruses and transmit some of them to vertebrates or plants.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Morbidity and mortality following intraperitoneal closure of transverse loop colostomy.

A retrospective analysis of 153 patients having intraperitoneal closure of transverse loop colostomies was performed. The mortality was 1.4 per cent. The morbidity rate was 15 per cent, including 7 per cent wound infection was not significantly improved by the use of systemic or nonabsorbable intestinal antibiotics. Intraperitoneal drainage resulted in the highest rate of wound infection. However, the use of intraperitoneal drains seems justified for the control of fecal fistula if it should occur. The lowest incidence of complication was noted when colostomies were closed in 2--4 months. Particular attention must be given to cases with diverticulitis as these have a greater morbidity. Factors which reduce morbidity appear to be directly related to clean and careful dissection of the bowel with a sound technique of anastomosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Characterization of the viral RNA species of prototype dengue viruses.

Dengue virus isolates have been grown in the Igarashi clone C6/36 Aedes albopictus cells in amounts suitable for biochemical studies. Oligonucleotide fingerprint analyses have been used to characterize the virion 40 S RNA species of the four prototype dengue (DEN) serotype viruses: DEN 1, Hawaiian strain; DEN 2, New Guinea C strain (both insect and mouse brain passaged derivatives); DEN 3, H-87 strain; and DEN 4, H-241 strain. Comparisons of the largest oligonucleotides derived by ribonuclease T1 digestion of these 40 S DEN virion RNA species indicate that ther are few, if any, large oligonucleotides that are homologous between any two fo the four dengue prototype strains. Preliminary analyses of the 40 S RNA 5' terminal sequence of DEN 3 virion RNA indicate that it has the composition of m7GpppAmpXp.

Aedes↗
PubMed1980

Effect of rearing temperature on transovarial transmission of St. Louis encephalitis virus in mosquitoes.

Female Aedes albopictus and Aedes epactius infected by inoculation with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus transmitted virus transovarially to their F1 progeny. With Ae. epactius, minimal infection rates (MIR) in F1 larvae were similar for progeny reared at 18 (+/- 1) degree C or 27 (+/- 1) degree C, whereas, MIR's were significantly higher in F1 adults reared at 18 degrees C, than they were in F1 adults reared at 27 degrees C. Use of different strains of SLE virus appeared to influence transovarial transmission of virus by Ae. albopictus, but not by Ae. epacticus. Transovarial transmission of SLE virus was not demonstrated with colonized strains of Aedes dorsalis, Ades sierrensis, Ades triseriatus, Ades vexans, Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis, and field strains of Ae. vexans.

Aedes↗
PubMed1979

Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A and hepatitis B viruses in selected populations of the South Pacific.

Five island populations representing the three major cultural groups of the South Pacific--Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia--were studied for prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) and of antibody to the core antigen of hepatitis B virus (anti-HBc). Sera were collected in the late 1950s and early 1960s, selected where possible for appropriate age and sex distributions, and were tested by radioimmunoassay. Rather marked differences in prevalence were observed. Anti-HBc patterns confirmed that HBV is endemic in the Pacific populations. Furthermore, the patterns differed somewhat from each other and did not correlate with ethnogeographic area. Prevalence of anti-HAV was high in all populations studied. A Unique pattern was found for the island of Ponape (Micronesia): In a Ponape population bled in 1963, anti-HAV was not detected in any individual under 20 years of age, but almost all individuals over that age were found to be seropositive. On testing a second group of sera collected in 1975, all individuals aged 14--21 years were found to be antibody positive, indicating that HAV had returned to Ponape sometime prior to 1975. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of HAV or HBV infection between males and females in any of the populations studied.

Adolescent↗