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Biomedical subjects

L Rombo

Publications and source records attributed to L Rombo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Serum concentrations of chloroquine in a patient with a late recrudescence of Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

A Swedish tourist who had visited Kenya fell ill with Plasmodium falciparum malaria 11 days after returning home, in spite of taking pyrimethamine (50 mg weekly) as malaria prophylaxis. Chloroquine treatment (25 mg base/kg body-weight) giving serum concentrations of 0.30 mumol/l cleared the patent parasitaemia and the patient recovered. Recrudescence occurred, however, within 42 days. A second chloroquine course (30 mg base/kg) gave serum levels up to 1.28 mumol/l. The patient improved rapidly and remained healthy during 28 days without renewed parasitaemia. Further follow-up for 10 months was uneventful. We consider it urgent to assess chloroquine concentrations in serum in patients being treated for falciparum malaria in order to obtain data on fully effective levels. Ineffective serum levels should be ruled out in cases not responding to chloroquine, especially when chloroquine-resistance is suspected.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1981

Aseptic meningoencephalitis in adults: liberal or restrictive treatment?

39 adult patients suffering from aseptic meningoencephalitis were admitted to hospital during April-December 1976 and were divided into 2 groups, according to birth date. One group (n = 24) was treated with bed rest in the febrile stage and recommended to avoid for some weeks activities that promote headache. The other group (n = 15) was encouraged to resume daily life as soon as possible. No pertinent difference was found between the groups in admission. The patients were followed for 9 months by questionnaires and registration of sick leave. The average number of days away from work was 32 in the "restrictive" and 15 in the "liberal" group. No untoward effects were found from a shorter sick leave and a rapid resumption of normal physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Habits of malaria chemoprophylaxis and an analysis of breakdowns in a West African mining town.

In a West African community approximately 80% of the non-African personnel were taking malaria prophylactics in the recommended manner. The non-takers stated that they were afraid of side-effects of the drugs and/or under-estimated the risks of the disease. During one year 123 patients with clinically suspected malaria were studied. All patients with positive slides were cured with regular dose of 1.5 g chloroquine base. No chloroquine resistance was therefore demonstrated, although 4-aminoquinoline prophylaxis had been given for almost 20 years to thousands of non-African non-immunes as well as in pregnant women and children in the town. Common reasons for 'breakdowns' were febrile disease other than malaria, false positive diagnosis and improper chemoprophylaxis.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1979

The concentration of chloroquine in serum during short and long term malaria prophylaxis with standard and 'double' dosage in non-immunes: clinical implications.

The concentration of chloroquine in serum was analysed after one week, six weeks and one year on standard dose prophylaxis (300 mg chloroquine base once a week) and after six months on the double dose. After six weeks, the standard dose gave adequate protection against malaria. During the first weeks of prophylaxis insufficient protection might be achieved by the customary standard dose. In a double-dose group many values reached the point above which a higher incidence of side-reactions have been observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Rapid diagnosis of meningitis with use of selected clinical data and gas-liquid chromatographic determination of lactate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid.

The usefulness of determination of lactate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for differentiation between various types of meningitis was evaluated. Lactate concentration in the CSF was assayed by gas-liquid chromatography for 115 patients, 17 of whom had serous meningitis and 38 had bacterial meningitis. The mean lactate concentration in the CSF of patients with bacterial meningitis was significantly higher than in the CSF of patients with serous meningitis and in a control group. The mean concentration in patients with serous meningitis was significantly higher than in controls. The highest lactate level in serous meningitis overlapped with the lowest level in bacterial meningitis. Elevated lactate concentrations in CSF were found also in patients with noninfectious disorders of the central nervous system. Misleading results may therefore be obtained if the lactate concentration in CSF alone is used to distinguish between serous and bacterial meningitis. The study suggests, however, that measurements of lactate levels in CSF, when combined with clinical and conventional laboratory observations, can increase the reliability of rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Serum Q fever antibodies in Swedish UN soldiers in Cyprus--reflecting a domestic or foreign disease?

Swedish soldiers from 2 battalions serving in Cyprus 1975 and 1976 were tested serologically for Coxiella burnetii phase 2 complement-fixing antibodies. 2.7% were positive. Although none of the seropositive soldiers had been seriously ill abroad, the titers are considered to emanate from an infection in Cyprus as there is no evidence of domestic Q fever from a survey of 1390 Swedes.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Standard and reduced doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum in Tanzania, with determination of drug concentrations and susceptibility in vitro.

88 asymptomatic Tanzanian schoolchildren with Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia were given all, half or quarter of the recommended standard therapeutic dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar). All children cleared the parasites by day 3 and all remained negative during 28-42 days of follow-up. All 32 successful in vitro micro-tests showed full sensitivity. High performance liquid chromatographic methods were applied for drug determinations. Using 100 microliter capillary blood dried on filter paper for sulfadoxine determination the inter-individual variation during follow-up of the standard dose group was 2-4 fold and the median half life was 8.9 d. Sulfadoxine concentrations in the half and quarter dose groups were roughly proportional to those in the standard dose group. The median whole blood to plasma concentration ratio for sulfadoxine was 0.72 and the correlation coefficient 0.95. There was only a weak correlation (r=0.46) between plasma concentrations of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine. The uniform efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in vivo, even when reduced doses were used, makes this combination a good alternative for treatment of P. falciparum in Tanzania.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma concentrations of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and of mefloquine during regular long term malaria prophylaxis.

The plasma concentrations of sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine, mefloquine and its major metabolite were determined in 18 healthy male volunteers who had regularly taken either 500 mg of sulfadoxine and 25 mg of pyrimethamine (Fansidar) weekly or 250 mg mefloquine regularly every 14 d during 6 months for malaria prophylaxis. The mean trough concentrations of sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine and mefloquine were 194, 0.28 and 1.48 mumol/litre and the mean half lives were 7.7, 4.2 and 25 d respectively. The variation in area under the curve for the 3 drugs was only 2-3 fold. The findings do not indicate that drug accumulation or induction of metabolism occurred during long-term usage.

Adult↗