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Biomedical subjects

L Reid

Publications and source records attributed to L Reid.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Hydrogen peroxide induced stress in human keratinocytes and its effect on bithionol toxicity.

Exposure to hydrogen peroxide causes oxidative stress in keratinocytes. Previous work has shown that the antiparasitic drug bithionol has an EC(50) of 0.7 microg/ml (2 microM) with primary human keratinocytes, but that these cells do not respond to photoactivated bithionol. Bithionol is known to be photoactivated by UV-A visible light, therefore this study aims to investigate the effects of inducing oxidative stress in the cells prior to bithionol treatment alone and in the presence of UV-A visible light. Oxidative stress, by hydrogen peroxide treatment, caused the cells to become sensitive to photoactivated bithionol. Bithionol alone reduced the amount of oxidative stress, while following photoactivation, an augmentation in the amount of oxidative stress and cell cytotoxicity was observed. The hydrogen peroxide treatment did not alter the sensitivity of the keratinocytes to 5 J/cm(2) UV-A visible light.

Antiplatyhelmintic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lipids in airway mucus of acute quadriplegic patients.

Quadriplegic patients have difficulty in clearing lung mucus due to paralysis of muscles of respiration. In about 25% of these patients, excessive mucus in the airway necessitates tracheostomy, and in some patients it is fatal. In others there is spontaneous recovery. To determine if the excessive mucus results from secretion of abnormal mucus or from accumulation of normal mucus, we analyzed the lipids in mucus from eight quadriplegic patients. Lipids were separated from other constituents of the mucus by density gradient ultracentrifugation, extracted with chloroform-methanol (2:1), and examined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Cholesterol was the major neutral lipid; phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin were the main phospholipids. Glycolipids were predominant, lactosylceramide (CDH) being the highest in amount. Two-dimensional HPTLC as well as high-performance lipid chromatography also revealed the presence of gangliosides: comparison with standards indicated the presence of GM1, GM2, GM3, and some unidentified gangliosides. In normal mucus, cholesterol is the predominant lipid; phospholipid is present in smaller amounts but glycolipids are not identified. Thus, results of our lipid analysis show that mucus from the quadriplegic patients is abnormal and similar to that in hypersecretory diseases such as chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis. Unlike these latter cases, hypersecretion in the quadriplegic has a rapid onset and, often, spontaneous recovery, suggesting that this is due to abnormal stimulation rather than an increase in the population of secretory cells.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased muscularization of small pulmonary arteries in preterm infants of diabetic mothers: a morphometric study in noninflated, noninjected, routinely fixed lungs.

We attempted to identify a structural correlate of the pulmonary hypertension observed in newborn infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) by performing a morphometric analysis of pulmonary arteries at the transition of terminal to respiratory bronchiolus (TRB) in postmortem lungs of 20 IDM and 14 control infants. Although there was no readily apparent microscopic difference between the lungs of newborn IDM and controls, the degree of muscularization, as measured by mean medial area (MMA) of 10 TRB arteries, was significantly greater in preterm IDM (gestational age < or = 37 weeks) than in age-matched controls (502 versus 341 microns 2; P = .0038). Among infants of gestational age > 37 weeks, there was no significant difference between MMA in IDM (508 microns 2) and MMA in controls (598 microns 2). These findings point at an accelerated muscularization of the TRB arteries in IDM, apparent early in the third trimester. The pathogenesis of this hypermuscularization is not understood, but smooth muscle growth promoters such as insulin may play a role. The abnormal timing of TRB artery muscularization could be a manifestation of the basic disturbance in development that contributes to the pulmonary hypertension observed in newborn IDM and to the respiratory difficulties commonly experienced by these infants.

Bronchi↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of early childbearing on schooling over time.

CONTEXT: In recent studies, the effects of teenage childbearing on the schooling of young women have been smaller than those in earlier research. The discrepancy has been attributed to the use in the later studies of controls for unmeasured differences between young women who start childbearing early and those who do not, but could instead reflect changes in the effect of early childbearing over time. METHODS: Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Labor Market Experience of Youth and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics are used to identify the reasons for this difference. Logistic regression, ordinary least-squares regression and fixed-effects models examine the impact of early childbearing on rates of high school graduation and college attendance, and number of years of schooling completed through age 29. RESULTS: The two data sets show a significant negative impact of a teenage birth on rates and years of completed schooling. For example, teenage mothers complete 1.9-2.2 fewer years of education than do women who delay their first birth until age 30 or older. Moreover, compared with women who give birth at age 30 or older, teenage mothers have odds of high school completion 10-12% as high and odds of postsecondary schooling 14-29% as high. Unobserved differences between young mothers and their childless peers reduce, but do not eliminate, the effects of early births. Effects on high school completion declined in recent periods because more young women completed high school, regardless of the timing of their first birth. However, the gap between early and later childbearers in postsecondary school attendance widened from 27 to 44 percentage points between the early 1960s and the early 1990s. CONCLUSIONS: Given the current importance of a college education, teenage childbearers today are at least as disadvantaged as those of past generations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knickers to that.

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Clothing↗