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L R Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to L R Phillips.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Peptide studies using a fast atom bombardment high field mass spectrometer and data system. 3--Negative ionization: mass calibration, data acquisition and structural characterization.

Under negative ionization conditions, nominal mass calibration of the fast bombardment high field mass spectrometer and data system was accomplished using cesium iodide/glycerol as a reference. Mass calibration at --8 kV accelerating potential extends from m/z 387 to m/z 2170 using xenon fast atoms. Negative xenon FAB mass spectra for human angiotensin I and human gastrin I complement their positive fast atom bombardment spectra. Negative xenon fast atom bombardment spectra of underivatized peptides exhibit molecular proton-abstracted ion envelopes and structurally significant fragment ions. Peptide mixture analysis under negative xenon fast atom bombardment reveals peptide molecular ion envelopes of higher relative intensities than under positive xenon fast atom bombardment.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1983

Abuse and neglect of the frail elderly at home: an exploration of theoretical relationships.

Using an ex post facto, correlational descriptive design, a purposive sample of 74 elderly individuals who were identified as either having a 'good relationship' or an 'abusive/neglectful relationship' with their related caregivers were interviewed in their own homes. The purpose of the study was to test two hypotheses which predicted the nature of differences between the two groups and four which predicted the magnitude and direction of theoretically deduced causal relationships. The data showed that demographic characteristics and certain theoretical variable such as anger, hostility and stress were remarkably similar between groups. The significant differences (P less than 0.05) between the two groups included lower expectations among the abused subjects for their caregivers, lower perceptions among the abused subjects of their caregiver's actual behaviour, differences between the social networks of the two groups and more depression in the 'abuse' group. Using multiple regression analysis, a total of four causal models' were tested using anger, depression, anxiety, and abuse as terminal dependent variables. The amount of explained variance ranged from 22% for anxiety to 58% for abuse. An empirical model was generated from data available in which 2 variables, perceptions of the caregiver and family members in the house available to help, explained 54% of the variance in abuse.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

O-Methylhydroxylamine as a new trapping reagent for quantitative studies of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and aldophosphamide.

31P- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy were used to demonstrate that the primary metabolites of the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide (4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and its acyclic tautomer, aldophosphamide) are quantitatively converted by O-methylhydroxylamine, at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees, into the E and Z isomers of aldophosphamide O-methyl oxime. These trapping products are readily extracted from aqueous media with either chloroform or ethyl acetate, are stable at pH 6-8 toward oxime hydrolysis and elimination of phosphoramide mustard (a secondary metabolite of cyclophosphamide), and showed no evidence for transoximination with either ketone or aldehyde acceptors. All of these features support the use of aldophosphamide O-methyl oxime in quantitative studies related to cyclophosphamide metabolism.

Cyclophosphamide↗
PubMed1982

Synthesis, hydrolytic reactivity, and anticancer evaluation of N- and O-triorganosilylated compounds as new types of potential prodrugs.

N- and O-Triorganosilylated compounds related to various anticancer agents were synthesized for evaluation as potential anticancer prodrugs. 1H-NMR and UV kinetic measurements of hydrolytic desilylation were used to correlate relative rates of structural unmasking with steric bulk about the silicon reaction center. The tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester of chlorambucil and a number of O- triorganosilylated carbamate derivatives of nor-nitrogen mustard showed significant activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Issues in conducting intervention research in long-term care settings.

Originally we proposed a straightforward experimental design using quantitative data to test a series of hypotheses about how changes in the mealtime context and mealtime interactions would influence self-feeding behaviors and imposed disability. The design was clean and the interventions carefully delineated. We used a number of strategies for reducing threats to internal validity, some of which worked and some of which did not. Many of the problems we encountered in operationalizing this clinical experiment arose, not from the particular environment in which we worked, but from the nature of long-term care settings and the staffing patterns within those settings. To some degree, the problems we encountered are inherent to field experimentation in nursing in general. Often field experiments are reported as if no problems arose in implementation, yet no study is problem free. We believe acknowledging and understanding some of the sources of field noise in field experiments are almost as important as understanding the results of the study itself. The field noise is an indispensable part of the results.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Forgetfulness in elders: strategies for protective caregiving.

Nurses working with elders know from experience that an elder being viewed as forgetful negatively affects both the quality and the quantity of elders' social relationships. Avoiding stigmatization, in the presence of increased forgetting, presents a challenge for elders and their caregivers. Gerontologic nurses can assist forgetful elders with their personal impression management. They can protect these elders from being labeled by their social group. However, in order to assist elders in maintaining acceptable social impressions, nurses need to understand the impression management process and effective strategies for assisting forgetful elders in social situations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Domestic violence and aging women.

Domestic violence against women is a significant health problem in this country and worldwide. A group that has been neglected, however, in discussions of this problem are older women. Although one might assume that domestic violence against older women is included in discussions of elder abuse, that body of literature actually may obscure the problem for several reasons. This article discusses the background of domestic violence against older women in two contexts: long-standing wife abuse and abuse of aging caregivers. Suggestions for assessment and intervention are included.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An adaptation of Brislin's translation model for cross-cultural research.

BACKGROUND: The number of nurse scientists pursuing cross-cultural research using quantitative designs is increasing. Preparation of instruments that are conceptually and functionally appropriate in the language of the participants is a complex process that needs examination. OBJECTIVES: Brislin's classic model for translation and validation of instruments for cross-cultural research is critiqued. Adaptations and extensions of that model are recommended. METHODS: Brislin's model guided tool preparation in a cross-cultural investigation. The process is described and lessons learned are outlined and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Steps toward a more efficient and valid approach to the preparation of instruments are suggested.

Asian↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Elder Image Scale: a method for indexing history and emotion in family caregiving.

Although caregiving has been studied extensively, most studies have focused on the activities performed by caregivers, problems encountered and caregivers' reactions. Less attention has been paid to measuring historical and interpersonal factors that may shape the situation and affect outcomes, but are not necessarily embedded in the role itself. The objective of this article is to report on the development and testing of the Elder Image Scale (EIS) which indexes the personal identity of the elder, the mental image the caregiver has of the elder derived from past associations, present observations, and the reconciliation of the past with present impressions. This scale was based on the Family Caregiving Dynamics Model and the personal image of the elder is predicted to be shaped by certain structural factors and to impact both the perceptions of caregivers and the outcomes of caregiving. This article reports on four separate investigations; six-hundred-and-fifty-six caregivers participated. The EIS is in the semantic differential format. Internal consistency ranged from .92 to .98 over four studies. Stability after two weeks was .93 for both subscales. All correlations with criteria were in the direction predicted and most were significant. Known group comparisons showed all group differences were statistically significant as predicted. The EIS is internally consistent, stable and evidences construct validity. In addition, measuring this concept appears to have great relevance for explaining both perceptions of caregivers and outcomes of caregiving.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A decision-making model for diagnosing and intervening in elder abuse and neglect.

There is an absence of empirical data about how health care providers operationally define and conceptualize abuse and neglect of the aged and the decision processes involved in assessing and identifying neglectful and abusive relationships. The grounded theory technique was used to formulate a 4-stage decision-making model. Tape-recorded interviews of a sample of 29 health care providers were coded and analyzed. The model identifies three types of decisions (diagnostic, value, and intervention) and the categories health care providers consider in making these decisions. The complexity of the decision processes is revealed in five pathways through the model. The hypotheses from the data can serve as a guide for future research aimed at assisting health care providers to make better decisions about intervening in situations where elders are being cared for by relatives in the home setting.

Adult↗