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Biomedical subjects

L R Martin

Publications and source records attributed to L R Martin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Misoprostol versus antacid titration for preventing stress ulcers in postoperative surgical ICU patients.

Bleeding from gastroduodenal lesions is a potentially life-threatening complication in patients subjected to overwhelming physiologic stress. Titration of gastric contents with antacid was the first prophylactic treatment regimen proved to decrease the incidence of bleeding and remains the standard by which other methods are compared. We designed a prospective double-blind, double-placebo study comparing the effectiveness of antacid titration with fixed doses of a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog (misoprostol) for preventing stress gastritis and bleeding. To assess the success of each treatment regimen, we did endoscopic examinations before operation, 72 hours after operation, and after the patient had completed the study. A total of 281 patients entered the study (140 misoprostol, 141 antacid). The two groups were comparable with respect to preoperative parameters and type of operation. We found no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups concerning upper gastrointestinal tract lesions or serious adverse effects. No clinically evident upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred in either group. Mean gastric pH, measured at two-hour intervals during the initial 72 hours, was maintained at 4.0 or higher in both groups. We conclude that fixed-dose misoprostol is as effective as intensive antacid titration in preventing stress ulcers and bleeding in surgical ICU patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Management of endodontic perforations.

1. Perforations in the floor of the pulp chambers of molars offer an improved prognosis when treated aseptically and quickly. 2. Perforations in the apical third of the root canal, when made with a reamer or file that leaves 2 mm. or less of unfilled root canal space, have a good prognosis. 3. If a perforation, either mechanical or resorptive in etiology, occurs on the lingual surface and requires surgical management, prognosis is poor. 4. Recent advances in the use of calcium hydroxide to treat endodontic perforations show promise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The odontoblast.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dentin↗
PubMed1981

Postpartum uterine motility measurements in dairy cows retaining their fetal membranes.

Postpartum uterine contraction variables were measured in 15 parturient Holstein dairy cows and heifers: 8 assigned to dexamethasone (DEX) treatment and 7 to control (CON) treatment. The DEX animals were induced to calve early with an injection of dexamethasone and estradiol benzoate, administered on days 270 to 274 of gestation. At this time, the CON animals were injected with sterile saline and allowed to calve at term. Six of the eight DEX animals and one of the seven CON animals retained their fetal membranes longer than 12 hours postpartum. The uterine contraction variables determined were: the number of contractions over a 10 minute period (C/10), the average amplitude of contractions (AMP), the average duration of contractions (DUR), Montevideo units (MONT) and Alexandria units (ALEX). Recordings were taken at 1 hour, 6 hours and 48 hours postpartum, for a period of 20 minutes each. The contraction variables were measured using a catheter which was fluid-filled and inserted into the pregnant horn and connected to a pressure transducer, amplifier and recorder. The data were analyzed in terms of DEX vs. CON animals and animals with retained fetal membranes (RET) vs. animals with a normal release (NRET). Treatment with dexamethasone and estradiol benzoate resulted in an increase in C/10 at 48 hours (P<.05). The AMP, MONT and ALEX variables were also higher in the DEX animals, as compared to controls at that time. Significant differences (P<.01) were observed at 48 hours postpartum between the RET and NRET animals in terms of AMP, MONT and ALEX variables, and at that time the RET animals had a higher rate of uterine contractility than the NRET animals. No significant differences in the amount of uterine work between either the DEX and CON animals or the RET and NRET animals were observed, at 1 and 6 hours postpartum. The treatment with dexamethasone and estradiol benzoate prolonged uterine motility up to 48 hours postpartum, and the retention of the fetal membranes was not a result of the lack of uterine contractility during the early stages postpartum.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

The use of audiovisual procedures in evaluating oral diagnostic and treatment planning skills of dental students.

In the belief that an examination testing the diagnostic and treatment planning capabilities of junior dental students should involve more than the traditional paper and pencil test, a new test was developed at the University of Mississippi School of Dentistry. Interesting and varied stimuli, such as a videotape, visual aids, and relevant dental data were included as part of this exam. The test was administered, and the degree of student anxiety before, during, and after the examination was measured. In general, students performed well; the majority indicated a preference for this type of examination over the usual paper and pencil test. As expected, anxiety levels increased until the examination was completed and then decreased. Student evaluations were not affected by the degree of anxiety. The inclusion of a variety of materials in a test measuring diagnostic and treatment planning skills resulted in a more challenging examination; the use of a videotaped segment simulating a case history provided consistency in the test material.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1977

The CR Alpha Diagnostic Coding System for ambulatory care.

A three-digit code system for patient encounters in ambulatory care was constructed to meet the criteria of integrity, retrievability, flexibility, and acceptability. The system is distinguished from other comparable codes by the use of an alphabetical letter as a category designator, the provision of "open" areas within each category for the addition of new rubrics in appropriate sequence, and the availability of "open" categories for use in research or expansion. The system has the capacity to expand from 22 primary categories to 97 subheadings and to a maximum of 3,200 rubrics. The system uses both diagnostic and symptom-oriented rubrics. The diagnostic terms are adopted from the International Classification of Diseases, Adapted, Eighth Revision (ICDA-8) and the symptoms from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Symptom Classification.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1977

A competency-based curriculum in business practice management.

Business management skills are an essential part of an efficient medical practice, but they are largely neglected or ignored in residency training programs. In order to realistically prepare physicians for their future community practices, the Family Practice Residency Training Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, includes a business practice management curriculum based on 12 behavioral objectives. Through observation, seminars, consultation, and practice design, the resident becomes competent in the skills and behaviors necessary for effective management. Over the three-year period, the resident completes a handbook with research findings, and designs elements of his/her own future practice. The instructor's manual is included to illustrate and clarify methods of implementation and evaluation of the curriculum.

California↗
PubMed1977

A university/community hospital family practice residency program.

A residency program associated with a major university has many obvious advantages. On the other hand, a residency program located in an area of health manpower shortage is a major advantage to that community. This paper describes the development of a university affiliated family practice residency in the Mojave Desert of Southern California. It reports that it is possible to form a successful alliance between a medical center and a rural community, bringing increased primary care to the community, upgrading the quality of medicine practiced in the community and augmenting the staff of the local hospital without sacrificing training for the family practice residents. Furthermore, the residency program can become financially self-sufficient.

California↗