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Biomedical subjects

L R Horton

Publications and source records attributed to L R Horton.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Risk analysis and the law: international law, the World Trade Organization, Codex Alimentarius and national legislation.

This paper discusses the place of risk analysis in international trade from a US perspective, through looking at the activities of the World Trade Organization and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. After examining what the trade agreements say about risk analysis and how international bodies are advancing and using risk analysis, the paper goes on to assess how risk analysis is used at a national level. Finally, recommendations are made for strengthening international food safety initiatives.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1998

Food from developing countries: steps to improve compliance.

Developing countries seeking to expand their exports often turn to food exports and seek to market these products in developed countries such as the United States. To be successful, developing countries must overcome an array of obstacles, including the need to comply with the food safety and other requirements of the importing country. This article discusses how compliance with international food norms and national food laws benefits exporting and importing countries, what trends in food trade influence measures to deal with food problems, and what categories of controls are available to deal with good products offered for importation. The article concludes by outlining several suggested steps that can be taken to improve the likelihood of acceptability of food offered for importation. These steps include assessing the needs of the importing country and improving the physical, legal, and technical infrastructure in various ways. Technical assistance from developed countries and international organizations can assist developing countries, but such assistance needs to be carefully designed and coordinated.

Commerce↗
PubMedDate not supplied

International update.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

International Cooperation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Harmonization, regulation, and trade: where do we go from here?

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is increasing its emphasis and participation in international harmonization activities. Forces that have led the agency in this direction include increased trade, the multinational nature of the pharmaceutical industry, trade agreements such as NAFTA and the new GATT World Trade Organization agreement, European activism, and pressures on the industry to control costs. These pressures include intense competition and health care reimbursement controls. The centerpiece of FDA's harmonization initiatives in the pharmaceuticals area is ICH. ICH is the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. FDA also works with the World Health Organization and other international organizations to set standards for health care products.

Drug Industry↗