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Biomedical subjects

L R Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to L R Goodman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Pulmonary edema localized in the right upper lobe accompanying mitral regurgitation.

Focal patterns of pulmonary edema are confusing and often mistaken for the more common causes of focal lung disease, pneumonia, infarction, or aspiration. The authors report four cases of right upper lobe edema secondary to mitral regurgitation. The pathogenesis believed to be responsible for this condition is the vector of blood flow from the left ventricle to left atrium, which may be targeted at the right superior pulmonary vein, locally accentuating the forces for edema formation in the right upper lobe. Pulmonary edema accompanying mitral regurgitation should be suspected whenever right upper lobe consolidation develops in a patient with known or suspected mitral valve disease. The presence of interstitial edema in the remainder of the lungs can help in the differentiation of this condition from pneumonia and other disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Pneumatosis intestinalis in bone-marrow transplantation patients: diagnosis on routine chest radiographs.

We report seven cases of pneumatosis intestinalis that was initially detected on routine chest radiographs made in adult bone-marrow transplantation patients. The cases were collected over a 13-month period. The chest radiographs generally underestimated the extent of the pneumatosis, as subsequently seen on plain abdominal films. However, the portions of bowel most extensively involved were those seen on the chest radiographs (transverse colon, hepatic and splenic flexures, stomach). One patient had pneumoperitoneum also. Pneumatosis developed within 6-293 days after transplantation. The cause of pneumatosis intestinalis was multifactorial. Three patients were asymptomatic. Clinical management of all seven patients was altered because of the detection of pneumatosis. The dose of steroids was increased in three patients to treat graft-vs-host disease, antibiotic drugs were given to three patients for enteric pathogens, and bowel rest was prescribed for one patient with mucosal injury from intense chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These cases show that the chest radiograph makes early diagnosis of pneumatosis intestinalis possible in posttransplantation patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Unusual "cavity-in-cavity" appearance of pulmonary aspergilloma.

The classic radiographic appearance of pulmonary aspergilloma is a solid, round, often mobile intracavitary mass. We describe an unusual "cavity-in-cavity" appearance seen on conventional roentgenograms and computed tomography studies in two patients with confirmed pulmonary aspergilloma. We are not aware of any previous report describing such appearance based on literature search.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1988

Pneumothorax and other lung diseases: effect of altered resolution and edge enhancement on diagnosis with digitized radiographs.

Prior studies have shown that pneumothorax is one of the more difficult entities to diagnose with digitized radiography. This study was designed to test whether increasing resolution from 1.25 to 2.5 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm) and image processing (edge enhancement from unsharp masking) would increase accuracy and confidence in the diagnosis of pneumothorax, as well as normal cases and other forms of lung disease. Conventional radiographs were digitized with use of a laser reader and then reformatted as film hard copy. Eleven observers read 35 cases reformatted in three different ways (1.25 lp/mm, 2.5 lp/mm, 1.25 lp/mm unsharp mask). The images with finer resolution (2.5 lp/mm) and unsharp mask images were superior to those with coarser resolution (1.25 lp/mm) for the diagnosis of pneumothorax. There was no difference in diagnostic accuracy for normal patients. For abnormalities other than pneumothorax, the unsharp mask images were significantly worse. Confidence in the diagnosis of pneumothorax and other abnormalities was highest with the finest resolution (2.5 lp/mm).

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Delayed infection of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Current recognition and management.

Three cases of delayed infection of automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator devices without systemic manifestations are reported. Computed tomographic scan of the heart revealed fluid deep to the patch in each case. Sonication of explanted automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patches facilitated the recovery of adherent microorganisms in one case. Management of this previously unrecognized problem is outlined.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Detection of pleural effusions on supine chest radiographs.

A prospective analysis of anteroposterior supine radiographs in 34 patients was undertaken to determine the detectability of pleural effusions on supine radiographs. The presence of pleural effusions and quantity of fluid (small, moderate, or large) were evaluated by using the following radiographic signs: increased homogeneous density superimposed over the lung, loss of the hemidiaphragm silhouette, blunted costophrenic angle, apical capping, elevation of the hemidiaphragm, decreased visibility of lower-lobe vasculature, and accentuation of the minor fissure. Decubitus radiographs were performed to identify and to estimate the quantity of pleural fluid. Sixty-two hemithoraces were evaluated by three observers. From a total of 36 pleural effusions shown on decubitus views, 24 were correctly identified on supine radiographs (sensitivity of 67%, specificity of 70%, and accuracy of 67%). The most frequent but least specific criterion for detecting pleural effusions on supine radiographs is blunting of the costophrenic angle. Other helpful signs include loss of the hemidiaphragm and increased density of the hemithorax. A normal supine radiograph does not exclude a pleural effusion. Our results show that supine radiographs are only moderately sensitive and specific for the evaluation of pleural effusions.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Effects of aerial thermal fog applications of fenthion on caged pink shrimp, mysids and sheepshead minnows.

Mosquito control applications of fenthion by aerial thermal fog equipment were studied at 2 sites in Collier County, FL, for sprays that occurred on June 20 and 23, 1984. Acute, lethal effects of fenthion deposited in these estuarine habitats were assessed for caged pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). At Site 1, along a bay with substantial dilution and tidal mixing, fenthion concentrations of 1.5 and 0.29 micrograms/liter were measured in samples taken immediately after both sprays. Concentrations decreased to less than or equal to 0.020 microgram/liter 12 h postspray and no mortality was observed for caged pink shrimp and mysids. Site 2 was along a residential canal system that offered limited dilution and mixing. Maximum concentrations were 2.6 and 0.51 micrograms/liter and measurable concentrations (greater than 0.038 microgram/liter) of fenthion persisted at this site for 4 days. Fenthion concentrations in surface waters were toxic to caged pink shrimp and mysids after both sprays. No mortality occurred among caged sheepshead minnows at either site.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Early life-stage toxicity test methods for gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) and results using chlorpyrifos.

Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) were continuously exposed as embryos, sac fry, and juveniles to technical chlorpyrifos in two 49-day early life-stage toxicity tests. Survival was significantly (alpha = 0.05) reduced only in 150 micrograms/liter. However, toadfish exposed to chlorpyrifos concentrations from 3.7 to 150 micrograms/liter weighted significantly less than control fish: 9% lower in 3.7 micrograms/liter to 62% lower in 150 micrograms/liter. The 96-hr LC50 for juvenile fish was 520 micrograms/liter. Concentrations of chlorpyrifos in toadfish and bioconcentration factors increased with increasing exposure concentration, a condition not generally observed with other marine fishes and other test chemicals. These results demonstrated the procedures for, and the practicality of, early life-stage tests with this marine species. We recommend the use of the gulf toadfish for comparative toxicity testing and for evaluating the toxicity of substances in conjunction with ontogenetical, physiological, and histological investigations of this considerably studied genus. We do not recommend it for routine effects testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Role of CT scanning in the superior vena cava syndrome.

The value of computerized tomographic (CT) studies was compared to other imaging procedures in 18 consecutive patients with the superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) during a 47-month period. Sixteen of these cases had proved malignancy. In addition to tumor masses, CT findings included effacement, compression, and displacement of the great vessels and the presence of thrombi and collateral blood flow. Significantly, tumor was demonstrated in the region of the superior vena cava in five patients in whom a definite mass could not be diagnosed by other means. CT scanning in a sixth case revealed that although mediastinal tumor was present it was not located in the immediate region of the occluded vessels. CT was corroborative and helpful in planning therapy in all but one of the remaining patients. CT scans appear to be of most value in cases of SVCS in whom other modalities cannot demonstrate tumor and, particularly, in excluding recurrent tumor in previously treated patients.

Adult↗