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L R Eversole

Publications and source records attributed to L R Eversole.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

On the differential diagnosis of clear cell tumours of the head and neck.

Clear cell tumours, both benign and malignant, derive from a diverse group of epithelial cell types including renal epithelium, keratinising epithelium, cutaneous adnexa, salivary glands, odontogenic epithelium, melanocytes and even mesenchymally derived cells of adipose and tendon sheath. In the head and neck, clear cell tumours represent a singular challenge to the pathologist since the classic morphological features of malignant neoplasia exemplified by cytological atypia are frequently absent in malignant clear cell variants, thereby excluding reliance on this histopathological hallmark for the establishment of a diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of both benign and malignant clear cell tumours must take into account patterns of growth as well as the phenotype of accompanying cell populations when attempting to arrive at a definitive histological diagnosis. In this review article, the histopathology of head and neck tumours that harbour significant clear cell populations will be compared and contrasted.

Carcinoma, Skin Appendage↗
PubMed1993

c-myc oncoprotein expression in oral precancerous and early cancerous lesions.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is often preceded by clinically evident precancerous lesions. These lesions exhibit progressive cytomorphologic changes connoting cellular transformation to malignant neoplasia. Molecular events underlie the microscopically identifiable cytological changes that herald transformation. Various proto-oncogenes are activated, overexpressed or mutated in the process of transformation. This investigation was designed to determine whether the nuclear binding c-myc oncoprotein, an activator of cell division, parallels or precedes cytomorphological changes at various histologically defined stages in oral precancerous lesions. Employing immunohistological methods, it was determined that c-myc nuclear labelling paralleled the progressive histological changes among various stages of transformation. It was also noted that some, yet not all, instances of benign keratoses which lacked any cytologic evidence of atypia harboured c-myc oncoprotein positive nuclei. It is concluded that c-myc expression is correlated with progressive cell transformation in oral cancerous lesions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Keratinocyte expression of calprotectin in oral inflammatory mucosal diseases.

Oral mucosal inflammation evolves in response to microbial pathogens and non-infectious antigens which activate humoral and cell-mediated immunologic processes. Most of these disease processes invoke a leukocyte response culminating in cellular infiltration of the submucosa and, to some degree, transmigration into the epithelium itself. Calprotectin, a leukocyte-derived dimeric protein complex that has potent antibacterial and antifungal effects, has recently been identified in skin and mucosal keratinocytes implying that epithelium may biochemically contribute to the overall mechanism of host defense. In this study, the upregulation of calprotectin as assessed immunohistochemically is pursued for oral diseases of immunopathologic, fungal and viral origin. In lichen planus, candidiasis, herpes virus stomatitis, and oral hairy leukoplakia, calprotectin was found to be expressed to a significantly higher level than in normal control mucosal samples.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1993

Deep mycoses and palatal perforation with granulomatous pansinusitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: case reports.

Palatal perforation with granulomatous pansinusitis caused by deep mycotic infection is a rare complication of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Two cases of palatal ulceration with osseous destruction, one caused by Histoplasma capsulatum the other by Cryptococcus neoformans, are discussed. Treatment with a palatal obturator restored function and speech in both patients during the remainder of their lives.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

The distribution of the antimicrobial protein, calprotectin, in normal oral keratinocytes.

Calprotectin is a heterodimeric peptide isolated from neutrophil cytosol that exhibits profound antimicrobial effects. Using monoclonal antibody MAC 387, calprotectin was found to be expressed in oral keratinocytes from normal, non-inflamed oral mucosa. Orthokeratinized sites including the attached gingiva and hard palate expressed low levels of calprotectin with a restricted pattern; immunoreactants were identified only within subcorneal keratinocytes. Parakeratinized mucosa from the lips, soft palate, tongue and buccal mucosa expressed calprotectin in a more widespread, yet variable pattern, immunoreactants being detectable in only a portion of the spinous layer in some cases whereas in others the pattern of expression was more topographically diffuse. Antigen was not detected in basilar and lower strata cells. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear decoration could be identified. The results indicate that oral mucosa harbours an antimicrobial deterrent to micro-organisms that may enhance the physical epithelial barrier of host defence.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1992

Viral infections of the head and neck among HIV-seropositive patients.

Many viruses cause opportunistic infections in HIV-positive patients. Those that cause oral lesions include herpes simplex, varicella zoster, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and papillomavirus. Importantly, many of the herpes-group viruses are able to augment immunosuppression and some actually transactivate HIV replication-inducing genetic sequences. This article reviews the role of viral agents in the activation of HIV replication and details the features of the reported oral lesions that represent viral opportunistic infections.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Polymerase chain reaction: relevance for oral pathology.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a recent innovation in biotechnology for amplifying specific nucleic acid sequences by use of repeated cycles of DNA synthesis. Application of PCR has been extended to a wide variety of biological and medical disciplines; fields of application include molecular genetics, pathology, microbiology, forensic medicine, and infectious diseases. Because of its speed and powerful sensitivity, PCR has become a highly valuable method for detecting small amounts of target nucleic acid sequence with the caveat that it has certain limitations. Importantly, false-positive reactions can result from the amplification of contaminating DNA whereas false-negative reactions can result from introduction of inadequate numbers of primer sequences. The application of PCR in the context of oral pathology is presented along with a discussion of the utility of this technique to aid in the elucidation of the etiology of oral disease.

DNA↗
PubMed1990

Detection of human papillomavirus-genomic DNA in oral epithelial dysplasias, oral smokeless tobacco-associated leukoplakias, and epithelial malignancies.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an infectious agent that is increasingly associated with mucosal cancers, in particular cancer of the cervix. The present investigation was undertaken in an attempt to determine whether HPV could be easily detected in biopsies of oral tissues, specifically oral squamous cell carcinomas, oral epithelial dysplasias, smokeless tobacco keratoses, verrucous hyperplasia, and verrucous carcinoma. In situ DNA hybridization methods were used to isolate specific HPV genomes. Among 100 instances of benign leukoplakia, only 4% of non-tobacco-related and 10% of smokeless tobacco-related lesions harbored viral sequences. We were able to detect viral sequences in dysplastic lesions 3% of the time. Alternatively, 17% and 20% of the verrucous hyperplasias and verrucous carcinomas were positive for viral nucleic acids. Six percent of the squamous cell carcinomas harbored HPV. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that HPV of known genotype can be identified in oral premalignant and malignant neoplasms.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of clinical characteristics in myogenic, TMJ internal derangement and atypical facial pain patients.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders have been collectively grouped as myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) or temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMJDS). In the past, these terms have been used synonomously to describe a set of clinical signs and symptoms that include pain in the TMJ and muscles of mastication, limited or deviant opening of the mandible, and/or joint sounds. The present study segregated two major subgroups subsumed within this diagnostic classification and assigned them to a myogenic facial pain (MFP) group and a TMJ internal derangement (TMJID) group. Previous studies may have included both of these disorders as MPDS/TMJDS. While some signs and symptoms are similar, the primary differentiation is based on meniscus displacement present with TMJID patients and pain distribution patterns between the two groups. While MFP/TMJID patients comprise the majority of the facial pain population, a third major group of patients is encountered, being classified under the diagnostic appellation of atypical facial pain (AFP). Patients with AFP usually complain of vague and wandering pain in the maxilla or mandible; however, no identifiable source of infection or organic disease can be uncovered. One hundred fifty patients seeking consultation and care for facial pain met the criteria for inclusion into one of three clinical groups. The groups were compared for age, sex, duration of symptoms, bruxism and/or clenching habits, and disturbed sleep patterns. Differences in surface electromyographic levels from the facial and cervical muscles were also examined. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores from 95 subjects were compared with self-report measures of depression and anxiety. It was concluded that subcategorization of myofascial pain dysfunction patients into a MFP and TMJID group is justified on the basis of psychometric differences, clenching habits, masseter EMG levels, and male:female ratio. Furthermore, psychopathological factors are more significant among MFP and AFP subjects than TMJID patients.

Facial Pain↗
PubMed1989

Hairy leukoplakia: Epstein-Barr virus receptors on oral keratinocyte plasma membranes.

Hairy leukoplakia (HL) is an oral white lesion associated with, and probably caused by, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) among persons who are seropositive for infection with human immunodeficiency virus. A unique feature of HL is its localization to the lateral portion of the tongue. To determine site differences for EBV receptors according to epithelial phenotype, these receptors were mapped in oral mucosa with the use of monoclonal antibodies HB5 and B2(specific for the Complement Fraction 3d/EBV receptor on B lymphocytes). Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques were employed with the use of both cytologic suspensions and frozen tissue sections of oral epithelium. Pericellular plasma membrane immunoreactants were localized to upper spinous layer cells of the parakeratin phenotype; basal and parabasilar layers as well as all strata of orthokeratinized epithelia were negative. Those cells harboring EBV DNA as detected by in situ hybridization corresponded to cells with C3d/EBV receptors.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Oral lymphomas in HIV-infected patients: association with Epstein-Barr virus DNA.

Nine instances of oral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurring in homosexual male patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus were evaluated for clinical features, histopathologic features, lymphocyte phenotypic markers, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. Histologically, the tumors represented immunoblastic sarcoma and small noncleaved cell lymphomas, some manifesting Burkitt-like features. Five cases exhibited positive staining with monoclonal antibody L26, a B-cell marker; none of the tumors showed evidence of a T-cell lineage with the use of monoclonal antibody UCHL 1. DNA in situ hybridization studies disclosed the presence of EBV DNA sequences in seven instances. These findings indicate that most oral lymphomas among patients with AIDS, similar to extraoral lymphomas in this population, are of B-cell lineage and harbor EBV DNA.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Mucosal pain disorders of the head and neck.

Painful disease processes that affect the mucous membranes of the upper aerodigestive tract include viral and bacterial infections, hypersensitivity reactions, and immunopathologic disorders. The diagnosis and treatment of the most common diseases that cause pain are described.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

Detection of EBV and HPV DNA sequences in oral "hairy" leukoplakia by in situ hybridization.

Oral "hairy" leukoplakia (OHL) is a white lesion of the oral mucosa, usually located on the lateral tongue among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-risk patients. The lesion has been reported to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Twenty surgical biopsy specimens were evaluated for the presence of HPV genus-specific antigen, HPV 2/4, 6/11, and 16/18 DNA and EBV DNA by in situ hybridization employing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Three cases exhibited immunoreactivity for HPV genus-specific antigen, with localization in cytopathically altered upper spinous layer keratinocytes. HPV 16, 18, or related DNA sequences were identifiable in a single case. Alternatively, employing an EBV long internal repeat subgenomic probe, 19 cases were found to harbor EBV DNA. In all positive cases, the hybrids were localized to upper spinous layer keratinocytes exhibiting nuclear/cytoplasmic vesiculation. It is concluded that OHL is consistently associated with EBV; furthermore, viral replication, as evidenced by DNA localization, corresponds to ultrastructural evidence of capsid and envelope assembly in the more differentiated layers of oral epithelium.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗