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Biomedical subjects

L Prieto

Publications and source records attributed to L Prieto.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes of the hypothalamus, limbic structures, and the anterior pituitary during the estrous cycle.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzyme (ISO) pattern were measured in the hypothalamus (HYP), amygdala (AMYG), hippocampus (HIP), cerebral cortex and anterior pituitary (PIT) of adult female rats sacrificed at different estrous cycle phases. The HYP, the AMYG and the PIT showed their maximal LDH values at proestrus and the lowest at diestrus. Those of the HIP showed the opposite pattern. The study of the ISO distribution pattern indicated that the cyclic variations of pituitary LDH activity were mainly due to changes of the ISO rich in A subunits, while in the B type they remained constant. By contrast, the cyclic changes of total LDH activity of all the brain structures studied were due to well balanced variations of both A and B subunits.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1978

Increase in pituitary levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone after pinealectomy in both intact and castrated male rats.

Twenty-eight-day-old male Wistar rats were pinealectomized and/or castrated. Animals were killed 26 days later and anterior pituitaries were dissected out, weighed, and their content of LH and FSH measured by RIA. Pinealectomized rats showed higher body weights than sham-operated animals, which suggests an inhibitory influence of the pineal on growth. The weights of pituitaries were increased by both pinealectomy and castration. However, in pinealectomized rats, but not in castrated, the elevated pituitary weights seemed to be due to the high body weights of those animals. The pituitary content and concentration of LH and the content of FSH were increased by pinealectomy in both intact and castrated rats. This finding may suggest that the pineal gland exerts an inhibitory action on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis that seems to be independent of the testicular function.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Antiandrogenic effects of the pineal gland and melatonin in castrated and intact prepubertal male rats.

In castrated prepubertal rats, pinealectomy enhanced the testosterone-induced growth response of the seminal vesicles and melatonin inhibited this effect in a dose-related manner. In entire animals, the serum concentration of LH was increased after pinealectomy with no significant changes in other parameters. Administration of melatonin to intact, pinealectomized rats did not affect the serum concentrations of LH or testosterone but caused a dose-related decrease in the weight of the seminal vesicles. The highest dose of melatonin tested reduced the weight of the ventral prostate gland and the uptake of radioactivity by both the ventral prostate gland and the testes after injection of [5-3H]uridine. It is suggested that the pineal gland and melatonin may exert an antagonistic effect on the biological activity of androgens administered to castrated rats and that melatonin can reduce the growth of the accessory sex organs of intact, pinealectomized rats, in spite of a high concentration of LH in the serum. The well-known inhibitory influence of systemically administered melatonin on the accessory sex organs in male rats may be due to its antagonistic effect at a peripheral level.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Echographic study in early pregnancy. I. Parameter of the uterus].

The echographic pattern of the growing uterus in normal pregnant women and threatened abortion with analysis of longitudinal, antero-posterior and transverse, the area and volume of the uterus has been studied. There is a significant difference between both groups.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1977

[Echographic study in early pregnancy. II. Amnion cavity parameter].

Ultrasonic B-scanning was used to study 201 patients in early pregnancy. We divided the material in two groups with clinical signs of threatened and a third group of normal pregnancy. The growth of three mean diameters of gestational sac is analyzed. An assesment of gestational sac area and volume is included. The data are represented in terms of regression lines.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1970

[Air pollution].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Duodenal gallstone ileus producing Boerhaave's syndrome.

A case of duodenal obstruction by biliary calculus associated with esophageal rupture is described. CT demonstrated air in the gallbladder, an impacted gallstone in the duodenum, pneumomediastinum, and hydropneumothorax. The present report describes the CT findings of these two rare conditions in the same patient.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sentinel lymph node (SN) detection in patients with breast cancer. Influence of tumor size and age of the patient].

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of tumor size and age of the patient in the detection of the SN in breast neoplasms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 190 patients affected of breast cancer with a mean age of 57 years (range from 28 to 87 years) were studied. According to age, the following were distinguished: under 40 years, 23 patients; between 40 and 60 years, 102 patients and over 60 years, 65 patients. The lesions were classified based on size (in mm) into: less than 10 in 27 patients, between 10 and 20 in 61 patients, between 20 and 30 in 64 patients, and greater than 30 in 38 patients. In all the cases, a scintigraphy was performed at 2 hr. post-injection of 3 mCi of 99mTc-nanocoloide, in the peritumoral area. After lymphoscintigraphy detection of the SN, cutaneous labeling was performed and it was detected surgically by a gamma detector probe. A complete lymphadenectomy was performed in all the patients. The histopathology was performed with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry techniques and the state of the SN was compared with the remaining lymph nodes of the lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: The SN was located in 169 of the 190 cases (89%). In 164 cases, it was found in the axilla. The greatest percentage of those not detected was observed in tumors over 30 mm (32%) and patients older than 60 years (30%). No false negative were observed in tumors under 10 mm or in patients under 40 years, but the false negative rate increased with the patient's age and the tumor size. CONCLUSIONS: The patient's age and tumor size seem to influence SN detection rates. The FN rates seem to be superior in patients over 60 years. Patients under 40 years with tumors less than 10 mm are those who benefit most from this technique.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[What is an efficient health technology in Spain?].

INTRODUCTION: Despite the growing recognition of the potential applications of cost-effectiveness assessments, a criterion to establish what is an efficient health technology does not exist in Spain. The objective of this work is to describe the limits and the criteria used in Spain to recommend the adoption of health interventions. METHOD: A review of the economic evaluations of health technologies published in Spain from 1990 to 2001 was conducted. Complete economic assessments in which the cost-effectiveness ratio was expressed as cost per life-year gained (LYG), cost per quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) or cost per saved live were selected. Those interventions in which the authors established recommendations (adoption or rejection) and the criteria used were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty (20%) of the 100 complete economic evaluations fulfilled the selection criteria. In16 studies, the results were expressed as cost per LYG, in 6 studies as cost per QALY and in 1 as cost per saved live. A total of 82 health interventions were assessed and some kind of recommendation was established in 44 of them. All technologies with a cost-effectiveness ratio lower than 30,000 euros (5 million pesetas) per LYG were recommended for adoption by the authors. Up to that limit there was no a clear tendency. CONCLUSIONS: Although the results must be interpreted with much precaution, given the limitations of the study, the limits of cost-effectiveness presented in this work could be a first reference to which would be an efficient health intervention in Spain.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Periconceptional exposure to contraceptive pills and risk for Down syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: There are some studies which analyzed the relationship between prenatal exposure to oral contraceptives (OCs) and Down syndrome, with conflicting results even in women using OCs and conceiving at different intervals after discontinuing the use of contraceptive pills. We analyzed the risk for Down syndrome in infants of women who become pregnant while taking OC. STUDY DESIGN: We used the data from the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC). The ECEMC is a case-control study and surveillance system. For each malformed infant (case), the next non-malformed infant of the same sex born in the same hospital is selected as a control subject, from whom the collaborating physicians collected the same data as for the malformed infant. For the present study, we used two different approaches. First, the pair-matching analysis. Second, a case-control using the rest of the total of 17,183 controls from the ECEMC database with specified data on maternal use of OCs and maternal age. To control for maternal age, we used a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The results show an increased risk of 2.8-fold for infants with Down syndrome in women younger than 35 years of age if the mother became pregnant while she was taking OCs. We did not observe this result for women older than 34 years of age. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the risk for Down syndrome in infants born to mothers with less than 35 years of age (as a group) who became pregnant while taking OCs is near the risk for Down syndrome of mothers with more than 34 years of age, women who are candidates for prenatal diagnosis. Thus, based on our results, one may consider the possibility of offering prenatal diagnosis for Down syndrome to young women who became pregnant while taking OCs.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node biopsy in non-palpable breast cancer].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy in non-palpable breast cancer (NPBC) patients in comparison with palpable breast cancer (PBC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 199 breast cancer patients were studied. Patients were classified into two groups: NPBC and PBC. Following sentinel node biopsy all patients underwent axillary lymphadenectomy. Surgery was performed at 4-24 h after peritumoral injection of 111MBq 99mTc-nanocolloid. Histological sentinel node analysis was performed by cytological imprinting and delayed study. The following parameters were analyzed in both groups: scintigraphic and surgical detection rates, true positives (TP), true negatives (TN), sensitivity (S), predictive negative value (PNV), false negative rate (FNR) and global precision (GP) of the technique. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed (p > 0.05) in either the lymphoscintigraphy or surgical sentinel node detection, or drainage to internal mammary chain (p = 0.211) in both groups. Metastatic axillary prevalence was lower in NPBC group (p = 0.019). Similar S, NPV and GP values (>90 %) and FNR (< or = 6 %) were found in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of the technique is similar in both groups. Drainage is predominantly axilar. Drainage to internal mammary chain was more frequently seen in medial tumours and in NPBC. Metastatic axillary prevalence was lower in the NPBC group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[GEOPTE Scale of social cognition for psychosis].

INTRODUCTION: Despite the large number of scales to assess cognitive function, these are rarely used in clinical practice, both because of the time they require and because they do not give useful information to the clinician. The aim of this article is to present the characteristics and psychometric properties of a scale which aims, with its simplicity of use and design, to be of use in the clinical practice for measuring social cognition in psychosis. METHODS: The new GEOPTE Scale gathers information from two sources: the patient's subjective perception of his/her deficits and that of the informant or caregiver. It consists of 15 items (7 for basic cognitive functions and 8 for social cognition). The scale was applied to 87 patients with a diagnosis of psychosis (according to DSM-IV), and general clinical data, clinical global impression, mood and degree of insight were gathered. RESULTS: The GEOPTE Scale presented excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.84 for patient and 0.87 for informants). Factorial analysis identified two factors which explained a total variance of 39%. The first factor was related to the basic cognitive function items and the second to the social cognition items. Regarding the validity of the construct, the scores on the scale are closely related to clinical global impression, degree of insight and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The GEOPTE Scale for measuring social cognition in psychosis has an excellent psychometric behavior both in the degree of internal consistency and in correlation with clinical global variables, mood and degree of insight.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of prostatectomy in the treatment of obstructive benign prostatic hypertrophy].

Aimed to evaluate the results of surgery in patients with obstructive prostatic hypertrophy, we studied the clinical and flow measure results from 51 patients undergoing prostatectomy (31 TUR, and 20 retropubic prostatectomies). It was shown that prostatectomy significantly improved the irritation (63% of patients), and most importantly, the obstructive (89%) symptoms. Peak flow increased in 100% of patients while maximum flow percentile in 92% of patients. Post-operative results showed no correlation to the patients' age, duration of evolution or severity of urinary symptoms, weight of prostate removed or histology of the prostate. Our results were compared with those obtained with other therapeutical options, and it was demonstrated that prostatectomy (both retropubic and RUT) are, clinically and urodynamically, the most effective procedure in the treatment of obstructive prostate hypertrophy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The European schizophrenia outpatient health outcomes (SOHO) study: baseline findings of the Spanish sample].

INTRODUCTION: To describe the baseline findings and study population of the Spanish sample of the Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) Study. METHOD: The SOHO study is an ongoing, large, prospective, long-term observational study of schizophrenia treatment in 10 European countries. The study population consists of outpatients who initiate therapy or change to a new antipsychotic. RESULTS: A total of 86 investigators enrolled 2,020 in Spain (10,972 patients in Europe). 64 % of patients were men and the mean age was 38.7 years. The Spanish SOHO study sample had considerable functional impairment at baseline. The main reason for change of therapy was lack effectiveness followed by intolerability. Patients included in the study and those receiving their first antipsychotic for schizophrenia are most likely to receive an atypical agent. CONCLUSION: The Spanish SOHO study population appears to represent the Spanish outpatients with schizophrenia in whom a treatment decision is required. Baseline findings reflect Spanish clinical practice with respect to patients treated with individual antipsychotics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Economic analyses of olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder].

Schizophrenia generates important costs for society both direct, as a consequence of hospitalization and outpatient treatment, and indirect; related to loss of productivity. The atypical antipsychotics, such as olanzapine, have supposed an important advance in the treatment of schizophrenia. The greater cost of atypical antipsychotics with respect to conventional drugs has led to the conduction of pharmacoeconomic studies to determine its efficiency. This article reviews the complete pharmacoeconomic studies that compare olanzapine with haloperidol and risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Cost analyses comparing olanzapine and haloperidol show that the former drug does not add increased cost to therapy, and even contributes to lessen expenses fundamentally as a result of a decrease in hospitalizations. In the economic evaluations comparing olanzapine and risperidone, the results are not conclusive, and in general, the total costs associated with both treatments were similar. In the treatment of bipolar disorder, although few studies have estimated the economic impact of olanzapine, it has been observed a reduction of hospitalization costs associated to the treatment with olanzapine.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Uncoordinated urination syndrome].

Fourteen male and female patients aged 8 to 21 (mean 12.57 years) underwent clinical and urodynamic evaluation. These patients had different lower urinary tract symptoms, and flow changes and increased perineal muscle activity during voiding were demonstrated urodynamically. The urodynamic work up consisted of flowmetry, cystomanometry, detrusor pressure-flow test, videocystourethrography and electromyography of the periurethral sphincter. The urinary symptoms were nocturnal enuresis in 6 cases (42.85%), urinary infection in 6 (42.85%), difficulty in voiding in 4 (28.57%), urgency incontinence in 4 (28.57%), voiding urgency in 2 (14.28%) and diurnal urgency and frequency in 1 case (7.18%). The following 3 voiding bladder behaviour patterns were observed; 1) involuntary micturition from bladder instability (7 cases, 50%), 2) micturition from voluntary bladder contraction (2 cases, 14.28%) and 3) absence of bladder contractile activity with voiding achieved using the abdominal muscles (5 cases, 35.71%). Decompensated voiding was observed in 21% of the overall group. Of these, 75% belonged to the group that used the abdominal muscles to void. Dilatation of the proximal or prostatic urethra was frequently accompanied by bladder instability (57%). The urodynamic data may be useful in determining the outcome of treatment.

Abdominal Muscles↗