Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Picard.
Four of twenty-four bovine embryos (day 5-7) subjected to chromosome analysis had haploid cells in metaphase. Two were clearly n/2n. The origin of the haploid cells was determined to be male in two embryos, owing to the presence of a Y chromosome or a male marker chromosome suggesting spermatozoa in division.
Three cases of arteriovenous fistulas (A.V.F.) of the cranial dura mater are reported. The authors point out that the first symptom is often in the O.R.L. field: vascular tinnitus with sometimes headaches. Diagnosis can be perform by selective arteriography. In the same time, embolization is possible.
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Authors point out three observations of spontaneous dissection of cervical internal carotid artery (I.C.A.) with various evolution. They emphasize on evolutivity of residual aneurysms and necessity to purpose a preventive treatment of secondary projections.
At the foetal age, there is an arterial ring around the optic nerve inside the orbit. This ring, partially supplied by the ophthalmic artery, is transitory. A persistence at the adult age is absolutely exceptional. The case described in this paper is the second to be published. It has been found during a microdissection of the arteries of the orbit muscles. The authors discuss the variations of the origin and the course of the ophthalmic artery, according to the three embryologic origins of the orbital arterial vascularization: dorsal and ventral ophthalmic arteries, hyoïd artery. This multiple origin explains the formation of the ring and its persistence.
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Diagnostic criteria of intracranial epidermoid cysts were established from the observation of 15 cases, confirmed by pathology, seen during the last 5 years. Tumors could be divided into four groups: posterior fossa, supratentorial spaces, transtentorial and extradural. Regions of hypodensity associated with the irregular nature of the outlines of the lesion are generally sufficient to suggest the diagnosis in a pre-operative scan, but certain tumors may be isodense or, more exceptionally, spontaneously hyperdense. Contrast images are extremely rare, and are seen only at the periphery of the lesions. The "mass-effect" is remarkably discrete when compared with the tumor size, sometimes of very large proportions.
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A definition of spasm of the cranio-encephalic vascular system is followed by a study of problems of angiographic diagnosis. The main differential diagnosis are illustrated. A review of the regulation of the cerebral circulation is followed by a summary of the physiopathology of spasm. The importance of spasm in cerebral vascular pathology is discussed, whether manifestations of ischaemia, hypertensive encephalopathy or subarachnoid haemorrhage. The relations between spasm and trauma are then described, together with the metabolic and pharmacodynamic aetiologies. The study ends with a review of the principal methods for the prevention of spasm during general anaesthesia.
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The authors present a case of cervical aortic arch which was discovered in a child of 5 years. The association with a diffuse and major vascular dysplasia, mainly neuroectodermic, is worth reporting. Only 40 cases of this abnormality have been published up to now. The anatomic classification of the different types of cervical aortic arch is presented.
Thanks to analysis of 46 observations and the review of the literature, the authors enumerate the main physiopathological mechanisms of this uncommon entity with its ambiguous clinical aspects and it too often severe evolution. They bring some new elements of the prognosis and emphasize the necessity of a rational utilization of neuroradiological investigations in order to avoid some diagnostic traps and purpose the better treatment of which indications are analysed and censured. Extra-intracranial by-pass represents a new therapeutic advance which will perhaps improve the prognosis of this condition.