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Biomedical subjects

L Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to L Phillips.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Feeding nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease.

The purpose of this exploratory, descriptive study was to identify and categorize the behaviors of caregivers and residents that elicit, sustain, or extinguish feeding. Although preliminary analysis yielded initial categories, mutually exclusive categories were difficult to distinguish. Relationships among identified cues and specific feeding behaviors are being examined in further analysis. The relationship between specific feeding behaviors and the environmental context of feeding is also being examined. The goals of studying feeding behaviors in nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease are to enhance mealtime for both residents and caregivers and to encourage functional feeding behavior as much as possible. Identification of behaviors that elicit, sustain, and extinguish functional feeding can facilitate development of behavioral and environmental nursing interventions to promote functional feeding.

Aged↗
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Rearrangement and transcription of the beta-chain genes of the T-cell antigen receptor in different types of murine lymphocytes.

Rearrangements of T-cell receptor beta-chain genes are usually found on both chromosomal homologues, occurring by both deletional and non-deletional mechanisms. Two constant-region (C beta) genes have been identified previously and at least one is transcribed in every helper or cytotoxic T cell tested, but the choice of C beta gene expression is not correlated with the specialized functions of these T lymphocytes. By contrast, four of five suppressor T-cell hybridomas examined have deleted all known joining (J beta) gene segments and C beta genes and therefore may have antigen receptors encoded by different T-cell receptor gene families.

Animals↗
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Analysis of consumption of home-produced foods.

One of the potential exposure pathways of concern when assessing human exposures to environmental contaminants is the ingestion of contaminated foods. Individuals who live near contaminated sites and who grow their own food may be at a higher risk than the general population. Estimating exposures to this subpopulation requires an analysis of homegrown food intake rates. The Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) 1987-1988 data were used to generate intake rates for home-produced foods. Results of the analysis show that, among the general population, homegrown vegetables (18%) were the most commonly consumed of the major food groups, followed by fruit (8%), meat (5%), fish (2%), and dairy products (0.8%). The intake rates for the major food groups vary according to region, age, urbanization, and race. In general, intake rates of home-produced foods are higher among populations in non-metropolitan and suburban areas and lowest in central city areas.

Adolescent↗
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Identification and resolution of contamination causes found in flexible endoscopes.

Although not a requirement for quality control in acute care hospitals, one method of maintaining objective data to verify that endoscopes are contaminant free and not a causative factor in nosocomial infectious is the collection of cultures. There are methods of obtaining cultures from the air, water, and suction channels of flexible endoscopes that require adapters and specific procedures. When automatic disinfectors are connected to public water supplies, this factor should be considered when determining a source of contamination.

Endoscopes↗
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Visible scars and self-esteem in pediatric patients with burns.

The supposition of often made that visible scarring is more psychologically damaging than are "hidden" burn scars, but little evidence exists to support that idea. We compared the self-evaluations of 28 male and 21 female pediatric patients with burns to the amount and visibility of scars. Males were 6 to 18 years old at the time of burn and sustained 15% to 99% total body surface area burns. They were evaluated 1 to 6 years after their burn injury. Females constituted a similar group. They were 5 to 18 years old at the time of burn, sustained 15% to 94% total body surface area burns, and were evaluated 1 to 7 years after their burn injury. All of the children underwent evaluation with the Piers-Harris Children's Concept Scale, evaluating themselves on intellectual and school status, physical appearance, anxiety, happiness and satisfaction, and behavior and popularity. Scores from these parameters were compared against each child's "visible" scars as seen on the face, head, neck, and hands. Also, comparisons were made with the numbers of reconstructive needs in these areas. Significant inverse correlations were found in the males. As the number of scars increased in these areas, the patient's scores for "physical appearance" and "happiness and satisfaction" decreased (p < 0.001). Other psychologic parameters were not affected. There was no effect by age of patient, and no significant correlations were found for the female group. The results emphasize the importance of the burn team's awareness that pediatric survivors of burns may appear superficially to be adjusting well, while harboring grave self-deprecating feelings. Those with "visible" scars will need special support to enhance self-esteem.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
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Aminotransferase and the production of alanine during hyperosmotic stress in Paramecium calkinsi.

When Paramecium calkinsi encounter hyperosmotic stress, intracellular free alanine increases. In vivo assays indicate that the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase contributes to the build up of alanine in response to hyperosmotic shock. 14C-pyruvate is converted to 14C-alanine in cells grown axenically at 200 mosm. When shifted to 600 mosm, the rate of conversion of pyruvate to alanine increases, and conversion at either 200 or 600 mosm is blocked by 1 mM aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), an inhibitor of aminotransferase. Intracellular free alanine increase is partially inhibited by AOA, and AOA prevents cells living in fresh water from acclimating to higher salinities, an indication that the increase in intracellular alanine is physiologically significant.

Acclimatization↗
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Developing a centre for health information and promotion.

Following the successful application for nursing development unit funding, the children's outpatient department within the Child Health Directorate of the University Hospital, Southampton, has developed a number of ambitious plans to promote nursing initiatives, one of which was the creation of a centre for health information and promotion. This article describes this development.

Caregivers↗
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Providing correct pressure-relieving devices for optimum outcome.

Pressure redistributing (PR) support surfaces are positioned by manufacturers against different levels of patient vulnerability to developing pressure ulcers. However, there is no agreed method through which such linkage between a patient and an appropriate support surface can be made. This lack of clarity leads to new devices being positioned in a manner not representative of their eventual use in clinical practice. Using a data hierarchy approach, three strands of evidence (interface pressure, a pilot national survey and a randomized controlled trial) are presented to illustrate, and support, the repositioning of the Viaclin dynamic mattress overlay (formerly the Pegasus Overture) from use with medium-risk patients to use with higher-risk patients. The need for amendment is seen most strikingly in the two clinical studies featured in this article, during which 87% of all patients nursed on the Viaclin dynamic mattress overlay were at high- to very high-risk of developing ulcers.

Adult↗
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Hepatic microvascular dysplasia in dogs: a retrospective study of 24 cases (1987-1995).

Hepatic microvascular dysplasia (HMD) is a disease involving a microscopic shunting of blood through the liver without the presence of a macroscopic portosystemic shunt (PSS). Data was collected from medical records and telephone conversations with referring veterinarians and owners of 24 dogs diagnosed with HMD. Criteria for diagnosis included histopathological evidence of microvascular dysplasia on hepatic biopsy as well as surgical exploration and a normal mesenteric portogram to rule out a macroscopic PSS. Dogs with HMD frequently have less severe clinical signs and a better long-term prognosis than do those with a PSS that are managed medically.

Animals↗
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Pressure ulcers--prevention and treatment guidelines.

Nurses deal with pressure ulcers on a regular basis, yet much of the research has yet to be put into practice. Lyn Phillips examines the implications of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel's new guidelines, dealing with prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers.

Bandages↗
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Skin deep.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗
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Women executives say their time is near--if not already here.

Despite apparent gains by women in healthcare management, the infamous glass ceiling still exists according to leading search firm executives and female CEOs. Today, however, there are cracks in the glass ceiling that are giving way to new opportunities.

Career Mobility↗