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Biomedical subjects

L Petrie

Publications and source records attributed to L Petrie.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The protective effects of sucralfate and ranitidine in foals experimentally intoxicated with phenylbutazone.

The effects of sucralfate and ranitidine on the gastrointestinal manifestations of phenylbutazone (PBZ) toxicity in horse foals were determined by complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, and gross and histological necropsy examinations. Twenty-eight, three to four month old Belgian-cross foals were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Phenylbutazone was administered at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of bodyweight (BW) per day, intravenously (IV), in equally divided doses to three of the groups. In addition to PBZ, ranitidine was administered at 2 mg/kg BW, IV, twice daily, to one group of seven foals (PBZ/ranitidine group), and sucralfate was administered at 4 g, orally, twice daily to another group of seven foals (PBZ/sucralfate group). A fourth group received normal saline IV and corn syrup orally, twice daily, as placebos (control group). Treatments were administered for ten days. Clinical signs included oral ulceration (in all PBZ-treated foals) and diarrhea (5/7 and 2/7 foals from the PBZ and PBZ/ranitidine groups, respectively). A reduction in total protein and albumin was greatest in the PBZ group and least in the PBZ/ranitidine and PBZ/sucralfate groups when compared to the control group. The PBZ group lost weight during the treatment period. At necropsy, the PBZ group had the greatest area of oral ulceration compared to the other treatment groups. All foals treated with PBZ had gastric ulcers; however, the PBZ group had the most severe gastric epithelial necrosis compared to the other three treatment groups. Duodenal villous atrophy, epithelial necrosis and mucosal inflammation, and a reduction in epithelial mitotic figures were seen in all PBZ-treated foals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of sulbactam-ampicillin in the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhoea.

Sulbactam-ampicillin is a combination of sulbactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, and ampicillin, a broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. The efficacy of sulbactam-ampicillin was evaluated in the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhoea under conditions where a major proportion of the calves were excreting enterobacteria which were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. In a series of six studies with a common experimental design, three treatments (sulbactam-ampicillin, ampicillin alone and untreated control) were compared in over 300 Friesian and Ayrshire calves aged between three and 10 days and of known immunological status as determined by their zinc sulphate turbidity values. A mortality rate of 26.4 per cent in the negative control calves was reduced to 14.0 per cent with ampicillin alone and 9.5 per cent with sulbactam-ampicillin. The probability of diarrhoea subsequent to initiation of treatment was reduced from 0.50 in the negative control calves to 0.44 with ampicillin alone and 0.35 with sulbactam-ampicillin. The differences in mortality and diarrhoea observed between the calves treated with sulbactam-ampicillin and the calves in each of the other treatment groups were statistically significant. The superior efficacy of sulbactam-ampicillin is explained by the inhibitory effect of sulbactam on the beta-lactamases produced by resistant bacteria, thus rendering them susceptible to the ampicillin in the combination.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1987

Protection of newborn calves against fatal multisystemic infectious bovine rhinotracheitis by feeding colostrum from vaccinated cows.

To determine whether consumption of colostrum with high levels of serum neutralizing antibody to bovine herpesvirus 1 would protect neonatal calves from the frequently fatal multisystemic form of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Holstein calves were fed for 48 h after birth with either pooled colostrum from seropositive vaccinated cows or colostrum from seronegative unvaccinated cows. The serum neutralizing antibody achieved in the former calves was between 64 and 256 and the titer in the latter calves was below 8. At 48 h of age the calves were challenged by aerosolization with bovine herpesvirus 1. All five seronegative calves died or were euthanized in a moribund state between days 5 and 7 of the trial, whereas all five seropositive animals remained healthy throughout the study. Twice daily clinical examination revealed significantly lower scores in the seronegative group from 60 h postinfection. Relative lung weights were greater in the seronegative group, associated with a severe acute necrotizing bronchiolitis with fibrin exudation. The seronegative group of calves also demonstrated an acute necrotizing rumenitis, pharyngitis, glossitis, esophagitis, laryngitis and tracheitis. The seropositive animals had only small areas of subacute necrotizing fibrinopurulent rhinitis. Bovine herpesvirus 1 virus was isolated from all nasal passages of all calves but isolation of virus in the seronegative calves was made from the trachea (5/5), lung (4/5), bronchial lymph nodes (4/5), spleen (4/5), thymus (3/5), liver (2/5), rumen (2/5) and brain (1/5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1984

Maximising the absorption of colostral immunoglobulins in the newborn dairy calf.

Various systems of early post natal management of the newborn calf were examined to determine which would consistently achieve high serum concentrations of maternally derived immunoglobulins, and to examine the factors which might influence this transfer. Early assisted sucking of colostrum to satiation produced consistently high serum concentrations of absorbed immunoglobulins with a mean of 27.17 +/- 8.92 zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) units for 100 calves. No significant increase in the serum concentrations of absorbed immunoglobulins occurred when calves, which had been assisted to suck immediately after birth, were permitted to remain with their dams and encouraged to suck again at 12 hours (29.20 +/- 9.40 ZST units). Despite early assisted sucking, a small proportion of calves may remain hypogammaglobulinaemic because of the low concentration of immunoglobulins in their dams' colostrum; leakage of colostrum from the udder before calving was the major cause of these low immunoglobulin concentrations. A highly significant correlation was demonstrated between the colostral immunoglobulin concentrations and the passively acquired serum immunoglobulin concentrations of the calves. With this intensive system of early assisted sucking the breed of the calf did not significantly influence the absorption of colostral immunoglobulins.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

Acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus.

An acute pneumonia developed in 28 calves which had been housed together from one to two weeks of age. The clinical signs included pyrexia, tachypnoea, respiratory distress and coughing. Some of the calves died. The pneumonia was characterised by an alveolitis with multinucleated syncytia, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and bronchiolitis. Interstitial emphysema was also present. Fifteen of 19 calves examined serologically had rising neutralising antibody titres to respiratory syncytial virus; in nine calves the rise was fourfold or greater. Respiratory syncytial virus was not isolated from the calves. There was no evidence of parainfluenza type 3 virus involvement. The adult cows being sucked by the calves remained clinically normal throughout the incident. Six calves examined six weeks after the outbreak started had a chronic cuffing pneumonia characterised by lymphocytic bronchiolitis; some of the calves also had bronchiolitis obliterans. Mycoplasma dispar was found in two of them.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

The nephrotic syndrome in a heifer due to glomerulonephritis.

An 18-month-old Friesian heifer, which was admitted in November with a history of weight loss, diarrhoea and submandibular oedema, was found to have an enlarged left kidney and a massive proteinuria. Laboratory investigations revealed that there was a marked hypoalbuminaemia and that the range and the proportions of the individual proteins in the urine were almost identical to those in the serum. Consequently, the nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed. On gross and histopathological examination of the kidneys, there was evidence of pyelonephritis. However, immunofluorescence studies revealed a striking diffuse deposition of immunoglobulin in a predominantly linear pattern along the glomerular basement membranes. Abnormalities of the basement membranes. Abnormalities of the basement membranes were seen on ultrastructural examination and evidence of a flomerular protein leak was detected but changes typical of immune-complex deposition were absent. The immunofluorescence findings suggested a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis mediated by antiglomerular basement membrane antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Bovine leucosis (lymphosarcoma): a clinical study of 60 pathologically confirmed cases.

The clinical features of 60 pathologically confirmed cases of bovine leucosis (lymphosarcoma) are described. The majority of cases could be classified into one of four distinct clinical forms, ie, juvenile multicentric, thymic, skin and adult multicentric. Diagnosis of leucosis in animals with these forms was possible on clinical grounds alone. Five animals, four of which were adult, could not be thus classified and diagnosis required haematological and, or, pathological examinations. The clinical, epidemiological and serological findings would suggest that the cases were examples of sporadic bovine leucosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Salmonellosis in young calves due to Salmonella enteritidis.

The clinical and epidemiological features of an outbreak of salmonellosis due to Salmonella enteritidis in a group of calves are described. The major clinical signs were dullness, pyrexia and diarrhoea. Five of the 15 calves died but deaths were mainly confined to the younger members of the group. The recovery of salmonella organisms from rectal swabs was maximal shortly before four of the five deaths occurred and declined rapidly thereafter. Only two of the surviving 10 calves developed significant flagellar agglutination titres.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1977

Thrombosis of the cranial vena cava in a cow.

Thrombosis of the cranial vena cava in a cow was followed by the formation of aneurysms in the pulmonary arteries. Embolism, pulmonary hypertension and the development of a collateral venous and lymphatic circulation are the suggested causes of these uncommon arterial lesions.

Aneurysm↗