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Biomedical subjects

L Perlemuter

Publications and source records attributed to L Perlemuter.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of non-carbohydrate foods on glucose and insulin responses to carbohydrates of different glycaemic index in type 2 diabetic patients.

In order to study the influence of non-carbohydrate foods on responses to carbohydrates during mixed meals, 30 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients followed a standardized diet for 5 consecutive days. On days 2, 3, 4, and 5, four different lunches were eaten in a randomized order. Lunches consisted of rice or glucose (50 g carbohydrate) eaten either alone, or as part of a mixed meal (32 g protein, 20 g fat). Glucose and insulin levels prior to the lunches did not differ significantly. Glucose and insulin responses differed (p less than 0.001), responses to rice being lower than responses to glucose, and responses to the meal plus rice lower than responses to the meal plus glucose. The ratios of glucose responses to rice and glucose (glycaemic index) were similar (alone, 47 +/- 4%; meal, 47 +/- 4%; NS). The ratios of the insulin responses did not differ (78 +/- 8 vs 96 +/- 7%; NS). The blood glucose responses to mixed meals were lower than responses to the carbohydrates eaten alone, the ratios being similar (rice, 52 +/- 3%; glucose, 58 +/- 5%; NS). Serum insulin responses were however higher, and the ratios differed (172 +/- 13 vs 138 +/- 14%; p = 0.05). These results suggest that the glycaemic index of isolated carbohydrate foods can predict the relative response to mixed meals in the same individuals with Type 2 diabetes. They also support the insulin secretagogue effect of non-carbohydrate foods, which may vary according to the source of carbohydrate in the meal.

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early detection of diabetic patients at risk of developing degenerative complications using electric gustometry: a five-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES: Taste impairment has been reported during the course of diabetes. Although a degenerative mechanism has been suspected, the natural history of taste disorders in diabetes remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the five-year evolution of electric gustometry in diabetic patients compared to healthy control subjects and with reference to degenerative complications of the disease. METHODS: Electrogustometry was studied initially and after 5 years in 73 diabetic out patients and 25 control subjects. None of them had any known cause of taste impairment other than diabetes. Diabetic patients and control subjects did not differ for demographic data and confounding factors. RESULTS: After five years, the electrogustometric threshold (EGT) significantly increased (51 +/- 6 vs 95 +/- 11 microA; p < 0.001), whereas slight changes occurred in control subjects (23 +/- 4 vs 25 +/- 5 microA; NS). Frequency of electric hypogeusia (EGT > or = 100 microA) increased from 11 to 46% in diabetic patients (p < 0.001), but did not vary in control subjects (4%). EGT was not strongly associated with individual factors such as blood pressure, tobacco and alcohol consumption, but correlated with age (p < 0.001). In the diabetic group, higher EGT were observed in patients treated with insulin (p < 0.001). EGT and its changes were associated with degenerative complication (p < 0.001), but neither with metabolic control, nor with duration of diabetes. Using multivariate analyses, the strongest associations were found with peripheral neuropathy and microalbuminuria (28 to 45% of variance explained; p < 0.001). The predictive value of initial hypogeusia on neuropathy at follow-up was 88% for a positive test and 63% for a negative one. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the taste nerves transduction function is impaired during the course of diabetes. This impairment is associated with an increased occurrence of degenerative complications, leading to suspect a similar pathophysiological mechanism. Electric gustometry could be an interesting test for early screening for diabetes complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of blood glucose regulation in 103 cases of adult acquired hypothyroïdism (author's transl)].

Systematic studies of blood glucose regulation have been performed in 103 cases of adult acquired hypothyroïdism. The results were the following: 11 cases of overt diabetes were discovered. The diagnostic was made when fasting blood glucose was superior to 120 mg/100 ml and glucosuria was present. 22 cases of asymptomatic (chemical) diabetes. The diagnosis was based on the abnormalities of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The criteria were those of Fajans and Conn. In 70 cases the results were normal. The comparison of these results with these obtained in a matched population of normal subjects did not show significative differences. Particularly the proportion of "flat curves" during the OGTT were not higher in cases of hypothyroïdism. Plasma insulin levels were determined in 20 cases of hypothyroïdism during OGTT. The results were the same as in non-hypothyroïd subjects. The abnormalities of glucose regulation observed in hypothyroïdism were not related to sex, age, overweight or cause of the disease. The number of diabetic patients is not significatively more important in cases of hypothyroïdism of immunological origin (especially Hashimoto's disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood pressure and microvascular complications in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients without hypertension.

To specify the influence of blood pressure on diabetic microangiopathy, the factors related to retinopathy and nephropathy were studied among 56 consecutive type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic out-patients without hypertension. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed for at least one year (mean duration of diabetes +/- SEM = 11.4 +/- 0.9 years). Diabetic patients did not take any treatment liable to influence blood pressure. Clinical parameters, including blood pressure, tobacco and alcohol consumption, were recorded by the same investigator. Retinopathy was defined as more than 5 microaneurysms on a fluorescein angiogram, clinical and incipient nephropathy as an albumin excretion rate over than 300 mg/d and between 30 and 300 mg/d, respectively. On average, retinopathy (n = 25) was associated with longer duration of diabetes (16.5 +/- 1.2 vs 7.4 +/- 0.9 years; p less than 0.001) and higher systolic blood pressure (136.2 +/- 4.1 vs 126.3 +/- 2.8 mm Hg; p less than 0.05). Clinical (n = 9) and incipient (n = 23) nephropathies were associated with duration of diabetes (17.9 +/- 2.0 and 11.8 +/- 1.7 vs 8.7 +/- 1.6 years, respectively; p less than 0.01), and with systolic (145.0 +/- 7.9, 132.7 +/- 4.7 vs 123.5 +/- 4.2 mm Hg; p less than 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (83.3 +/- 6.2, 77.3 +/- 3.2 vs 72.2 +/- 3.4 mm Hg; p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗