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Biomedical subjects

L Pauling

Publications and source records attributed to L Pauling.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Mortality among health-conscious elderly Californians.

In an attempt to obtain epidemiologic evidence regarding the mortality rate among vitamin supplement users, a prospective study was made of 479 elderly Californian respondents to a 1974 questionnaire carried in Prevention, a health magazine that advocates vitamin supplement usage. Based on self-reported questionnaire data obtained in 1974 and 1977, this cohort does indeed consume large quantities of vitamin and mineral supplements. In addition, the cohort is quite health conscious and appears to have taken up a "Prevention life-style" in recent years. For instance, these individuals are primarily nonsmokers, although about 50% formerly smoked cigarettes. Most of them eat meat, poultry, or fish but do so in moderation; and they consume only modest amounts of alcohol, whole milk, white bread, salt, and sugar. Their socioeconomic status is somewhat higher than the national average. Because this group differs from the general population in many ways it is difficult to separate the various factors that might influence their health. During 6 years of follow-up, a total of 107 deaths occurred. Based on comparison with 1977 United States whites, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) is 78% for the males, 54% for the females, and 68% for both sexes combined. All three SMR values are significantly less than 100% (P less than 0.05). For both sexes combined, the SMR is 86% for cancer, 62% for total cardiovascular diseases, and 73% for all other causes. Only the cardiovascular SMR is significantly lower than 100%. The death rate for the males is approximately the same as that reported among other healthy nonsmoking questionnaire respondents. but the death rate for females is significantly less (P less than 0.01). The only notable relationships between questions asked in 1974 and subsequent mortality are those indicating a higher mortality rate associated with inactivity, heart trouble, and very low and very high levels of vitamin E intake. For this highly selected cohort, the overall "Prevention life-style" appears to be a healthy one, but the cohort experiences no clear reduction in total mortality because of high levels of vitamin intake per se.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Rules governing the composition of revolving clusters in quasiband and prolate-deformation states of atomic nuclei.

A set of rules, involving the magic and semimagic values of neutron and proton numbers and the proton/neutron ratio, is formulated for the composition of the revolving clusters producing the values of the moment of inertia given by the differences in energy of the adjacent levels in quasibands and bands of nuclei. The cluster compositions assigned with use of these rules to isotopes of Kr, Sr, Zr, Mo, and the actinon nuclei and to successive levels of the ground-state band of (158)Er lead to reasonable values of the radius of revolution (the distance from the center of the nonrevolving sphere to the center of the cluster). These values correspond to a spheron diameter of about 3.20 fm.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Effects of intake of L-ascorbic acid on the incidence of dermal neoplasms induced in mice by ultraviolet light.

We have carried out a study of large malignant skin tumors (squamous cell carcinomas) and other lesions in hairless mice (groups of 38-45) intermittently exposed to ultraviolet light over a period of 15 weeks, beginning when the mice were about 10 weeks old. The several groups were given a standard diet with 0%, 0.3%, 5%, and 10% added L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) throughout the study. No lesions developed in unirradiated control groups. The lesions were counted every 14 days for 4 months, beginning 4 weeks before the end of the period of irradiation. The observed incidence of lesions of several sizes during successive time periods was analyzed by the statistical method recommended by a committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A pronounced effect of vitamin C in decreasing the incidence and delaying the onset of the malignant lesions was observed with high statistical significance.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Reliability of the pair-defect-sum approximation for the strength of valence-bond orbitals.

The pair-defect-sum approximation to the bond strength of a hybrid orbital (angular wave functions only) is compared to the rigorous value as a function of bond angle for seven types of bonding situations, with between three and eight bond directions equivalent by geometrical symmetry operations and with only one independent bond angle. The approximation is seen to be an excellent one in all cases, and the results provide a rationale for the application of this approximation to a variety of problems.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Prediction of the shapes of deformed nuclei by the polyspheron theory.

It is pointed out that some features of the shapes of (62) (154)Sm, (68) (166)Er, and (70) (176)Yb as reported by Cooper et al. [Cooper, T., Bertozzi, W., Heisenberg, J., Kowalski, S., Turchinetz, W., Williamson, C., Cardman, L., Fivozinsky, S., Lightbody, J., Jr., & Penner, S. (1976) Phys. Rev. C 13, 1083-1094] from electron-scattering experiments agree reasonably well with the description of these nuclei, derived from the values of the rotational energy levels, as consisting of a large spherical part (essentially (132)Sn) and a cap [Pauling, L. (1969) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 64, 807-809; Pauling, L. & Robinson, A. B. (1975) Can. J. Phys. 53, 1953-1964].

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in hairless mice irradiated with ultraviolet light in relation to intake of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and of D, L-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E).

We have carried out a study of large malignant skin tumours (squamous-cell carcinomas) and other lesions in "hairless" mice (in groups of 45 or 60 mice) intermittently exposed to ultraviolet light over a period of 15 weeks, beginning when the mice were about 8 weeks old. Various groups were given a standard diet (Wayne Lab-Blox) or the same food with added vitamin C or vitamin E throughout the study. Lesions, classified by histopathologic study as atypical squamous-cell proliferations varying from early actinic keratoses to invasive poorly differentiated squamous-cell carcinomas, had begun to develop by the end of the period of irradiation. They were counted twice a month for five months. The observed fraction of mice that developed lesions during successive time periods was analyzed by the statistical method recommended by a committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A pronounced effect of vitamin C in decreasing the incidence of the malignant lesions was observed with very high statistical significance. No significant effect of vitamin E was observed. We conclude that vitamin C should be given special attention with respect to the relation between diet and cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Changes in the structure of nuclei between the magic neutron numbers 50 and 82 as indicated by a rotating-cluster analysis of the energy values of the first 2 excited states of isotopes of cadmium, tin, and tellurium.

Values of R, the radius of rotation of the rotating cluster, are calculated from the observed values of the energy of the lowest 2(+) states of the even isotopes of (48)Cd, (50)Sn, and (52)Te with the assumption that the cluster is alpha, p(2), and alpha, respectively. R shows a maximum at approximately N = 58, a minimum at approximately N = 62, and a second maximum at approximately N = 70. The increase to the first maximum is interpreted as resulting from the overcrowding of spherons (alphas and tritons) in the mantle (outer layer) of the nuclei, causing the cluster to change from rotating in the mantle to skimming over its surface; the decrease to the minimum results from the addition of three dineutrons to the core, expanding the mantle and permitting the rotating cluster to begin to drop back into it; and the increase to the second maximum results from the overcrowding of the larger mantle surrounding the core containing the semi-magic number 14 of neutrons rather than the magic number 8 for N = 50. The decrease after the second maximum results from the further increase in the number of core neutrons to 20, corresponding to the magic number 82. Some additional evidence for the change to an intermediate structure between N = 50 and N = 82 is also discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Ascorbic acid.

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Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1979

Diamagnetic anisotropy of the peptide group.

A simple theory of the diamagnetic anisotropy of noncyclic planar groups of atoms with resonance structures (mobile electrons)leads to the value --5.36 x 10(-6) cm-g-sec electromagnetic units for the molar diamagnetic anisotropy of the peptide group.

Electromagnetic Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

Ascorbic acid and cancer: a review.

Host resistance to neoplastic growth and invasiveness is recognized to be an important factor in determining the occurrence, the progress, and the eventual outcome of every cancer illness. The factors involved in host resistance are briefly reviewed, and the relationship between these factors and ascorbic acid metabolism is presented in detail. It is shown that many factors involved in host resistance to neoplasia are significantly dependent upon the availability of ascorbate.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Bond angles in transition-metal tricarbonyl compounds: A test of the theory of hybrid bond orbitals.

The theory of hybrid bond orbitals is used to calculate equations giving the value of the bond angle OC-M-CO in relation to the bond number of the metal-carbonyl bond for tricarbonyl groups in which the transition-metal atom is enneacovalent or octacovalent and the group has approximate trigonal symmetry. For cobalt and iron and their congeners the average experimental values lie within about 1 degrees of the theoretical values for enneacovalence, which are 101.9 degrees for Co(CO)(3) and 94.5 degrees for Fe(CO)(3). This agreement provides strong support for the theory. For Mn(CO)(3) and Cr(CO)(3) the experimental values indicate the average covalence to be about 8.4 and 7.7, respectively, in agreement with considerations based on the electroneutrality principle.

Journal Article↗