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Biomedical subjects

L Patton

Publications and source records attributed to L Patton.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Short-term modification of sex hormones is associated with changes in ghrelin circulating levels in healthy normal-weight men.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selective and short-term sex hormone modifications on ghrelin levels in normal-weight eugonadal men undergoing hormonal contraceptive treatments. Seven men received an oral progestin [cyproterone acetate (CPA) or dienogest (DNG)] 10 mg/day for 3 weeks (CPA-DNG group), 7 CPA orally 5 mg/day in association with testosterone enanthate (TE) im 200 mg/week for 8 weeks (CPA-TE group), and 7 placebo (PLAC) for 8 weeks (PLAC group). Anthropometry and blood levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, estradiol, glucose, insulin and total ghrelin were evaluated. At baseline, no parameters differed among the three groups. After treatment, LH and FSH decreased in both CPA-DNG and CPA-TE groups, whereas they did not change in the PLAC group. Testosterone and estradiol decreased in the CPA-DNG group to the hypogonadal range, increased in the CPA-TE group to supraphysiological concentrations and, as expected, remained unchanged in the PLAC group. Total ghrelin levels increased in the CPA-DNG, decreased in the CPA-TE and did not change in the PLAC group. Ns modifications in the other parameters were observed in any group, demonstrating that the short-term changes of circulating sex hormones are able to modify ghrelin levels. These data, therefore, suggest that sex steroids are important regulators of ghrelin in normal-weight healthy men too.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Metabolic alterations and cardiovascular risk factors in the polycystic ovary syndrome.

Available literature indicates that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents a condition with a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a greater and precocious appearance of glucose intolerance states, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a potentially greater risk for cardiovascular diseases. With respect to metabolic disorders, however, there is also emerging evidence that they are more prevalent in PCOS rather than in the general population, and that there are regional differences in the world, depending on lifestyle and other environmental factors. This evidence should be taken into consideration in future strategies focusing on prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in PCOS, not only on treatment of infertility and signs of androgen excess.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2003

Immunoglobulin E antibody reactivity to the major shrimp allergen, tropomyosin, in unexposed Orthodox Jews.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of allergic (IgE antibody-mediated) reactions to foods may become complicated by cross-reactivity that can occur among certain food families and between foods and seemingly unrelated allergens. OBJECTIVE: The allergenic properties of tropomyosin (muscle-derived protein) have been recently demonstrated in invertebrates such as cockroaches, dust mites, and shrimp. In view of a possible cross-reactivity between food allergens and related allergens from animal sources, we designed a study to assess IgE antibody reactivity to the major shrimp allergen, Pen a 1, in an unexposed population of Orthodox Jews, who observe Kosher dietary laws that prohibit eating shellfish. METHODS: Nine subjects, who reacted positively by skin tests to shrimp (Penaeus setiferous), were selected for the study. Subjects (two females, seven males) ranged in age from 14 to 32 years (mean 20.4). All subjects were strictly observant of Jewish tradition and had no prior exposure to seafood (regarded as a non-Kosher food). Serum was obtained from all the subjects and tested for IgE antibody reactivity to shrimp and dust mite. RESULTS: All subjects reported symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis, five had history of asthma, atopic dermatitis, and/or sinusitis. All had positive skin prick tests to shrimp and house dust mite (HDM) (Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, or both); 2/7 subjects were positive to cockroach mix (Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana). Sera of 4/9 subjects demonstrated specific IgE antibodies by RAST to shrimp (7.0-20.0%), 3/9 to Pen a 1 (6.3-24.1%), and 3/9 to shrimp or Pen a 1 by immunoblot. IgE binding to Pen a 1 was inhibited with either mite or cockroach extracts as demonstrated by RAST and/or immunoblot inhibition analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that IgE antibody reactivity to a major food allergen, shrimp, can occur in an unexposed population of individuals; some subjects allergic to HDM and/or cockroach show substantial IgE antibody reactivity to the major shrimp allergen Pen a 1 (tropomyosin). Based on inhibition with cockroach and/or dust mite extracts, this reactivity appears to be due to cross-reacting tropomyosins.

Allergens↗
PubMed2002

Consensus guidelines on quantifying HIV-related oral mucosal disease.

The workshop agreed that the development of consensus quantification protocols was desirable, but that this whole field was underdeveloped, to date. The working goals were therefore redefined (vide infra). Three possible protocols were presented and discussed relating to oral hairy leukoplakia, oral ulceration (NOS) and oral candidiasis. There was agreement that different data-set protocols would have to be developed for specific HIV-related mucosal diseases. Furthermore, the data set should be consistent, standardized and disaggregated. In this way, with everyone working to the same standards of outcome, data from geographically, nationally, socially or culturally different areas could be readily compared. A future meeting to generate the disease-specific protocols would, most likely, be needed.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

Outcome of long-term enteral feeding.

In the past two decades, many technical advances have made tube enteral feeding much more comfortable and acceptable to patients and their families. This has greatly expanded the use of this therapy, both in clinical conditions where it was traditionally prescribed and in many other diagnoses. This expanded use raises important questions about how much enteral nutrition is being used, the medical outcome in different clinical conditions, and the quality of life experienced by long-term therapy users. This article addresses these outcome issues for patients in the nonhospital setting.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 8 prevalence in human immunodeficiency virus-associated oral mucosal lesions.

The prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the recently identified Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (also designated human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]) was determined in oral lesions and oral neoplasms common to persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Oral lesions were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for EBV and HHV-8 DNA and by Southern blot analysis for EBV clonality. EBV was detected by Southern blot in hairy leukoplakia lesions, in a subset of AIDS-related lymphomas, and in saliva from HIV-positive persons but not in pseudohairy leukoplakia lesions, oral aphthous ulcers, or oral KS lesions. EBV was detected, however, by PCR in most of the lesions, while HHV-8 was detected only in oral KSs. The absence of HHV-8 DNA in both the EBV-associated hairy leukoplakia lesions and in the EBV-associated AIDS-related lymphomas strengthens the etiologic relationship of EBV to these pathologies and the etiologic role of HHV-8 in KS.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Single-blind study of the effects of intravenous dolasetron mesylate versus ondansetron on electrocardiographic parameters in normal volunteers.

A single-blind, randomized, five-way cross-over, safety and tolerability trial was conducted to determine whether intravenous (i.v.) dolasetron mesylate at varying single doses induces changes in ECG intervals in healthy volunteers and to compare these changes with a single intravenous dose of ondansetron or placebo. Thirty healthy male volunteers received 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mg/kg i.v. dolasetron mesylate, 32 mg i.v. ondansetron, and placebo on 5 separate days. ECGs were recorded at intervals during the 24 h after study drug administration. The changes in ECG intervals observed after dolasetron mesylate or ondansetron were acute, transient, and asymptomatic. Dolasetron mesylate resulted in slight but statistically significant dose-related increases in heart rate (HR) and PR and QRS intervals (between h 0 and 4). A statistically significant increase in QTc interval was detected with both dolasetron mesylate (2.4 mg/kg) and ondansetron. Ondansetron also produced a slight but statistically significant increase in JT interval and a decrease in HR. These changes in ECG intervals were usually observed between h 0 and 4; all parameters returned to baseline within 8 h of treatment. The results demonstrate that both dolasetron mesylate and ondansetron prolong the QTc interval. However, dolasetron mesylate predominantly altered ECG parameters indicative of ventricular depolarization (QRS duration), whereas ondansetron predominantly affected ventricular repolarization as measured by a prolongation in the JT interval. Both dolasetron and ondansetron were well tolerated. The adverse event (AE) rate was 13.3% (4 of 30); all AE were of mild or moderate severity and were distributed across all dose arms.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Alcoholism: a guideline for early detection and treatment. Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.

Early detection and treatment of alcoholism benefits patients. Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound (GHC) charged a committee with identifying ways to improve this area of care within their organization. The results of the Committee's investigation led to the recommendation for use of the CAGE screening tool. Follow-up activities included the development of a practice guideline on the early detection, referral and treatment of alcoholism.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1991

N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W7) stimulation of K+ transport in a human salivary epithelial cell line.

Treatment of a human salivary epithelial cell line, HSG-PA, with the calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W7; 20-70 microM) increased 86Rb (K+) influx and efflux in a manner similar to that resulting from muscarinic (carbachol; Cch) or calcium ionophore (A23187) stimulation. Unlike the Cch or A23187 responses, the W7 responses were not blocked by 0.1 mM atropine (muscarinic antagonist) or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (0.1 microM). Like Cch- or A23187-stimulated 86Rb fluxes, W7-stimulated 86Rb fluxes were substantially blocked by the K+ channel inhibitors quinine (0.25 mM) and scorpion venom-containing charybdotoxin (33 micrograms/mL), while 5 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (K+ channel blocker), furosemide (0.1 mM; Na+,K+,2Cl- co-transport inhibitor) and ouabain (10 microM; Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitor) were ineffective. Purified charybdotoxin (10 nM) also blocked W7-stimulated 86Rb influx, as well as 86Rb influx stimulated by Cch or A23187. Although Quin 2 fluorescence measurements indicated that W7 increased free intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), the magnitude of the increase appeared to be insufficient to solely account for the W7-stimulated increases in 86Rb fluxes (i.e. K+ channel activity). Ca2+ was involved in the W7 response, however, as lack of Ca2+ in the incubation medium reduced the W7-stimulated increases in 86Rb influx and efflux. Taken together, our results suggest that W7 increased K+ fluxes in HSG-PA cells by interacting, directly or indirectly, with the K+ transport machinery (K+ channels) in a manner different from that observed during muscarinic stimulation, and also in a manner not accounted for solely by the formation of a typical muscarinic- or calcium ionophore-generated calcium signal.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1988

Chorionic villus sampling: experience with an initial 940 cases.

Of over 1000 patients referred to the Genetics & IVF Institute for chorionic villus sampling, 10% had an abnormal gestational sac at the time of initial presentation. Villus sampling could not be performed in 0.6% of cases, usually because of fibroids. Chorioamnionitis, probably related to the procedure, occurred in two patients (0.2%). The total fetal loss was 2.4%, which is not significantly different from the background fetal loss rate reported in normal pregnancies after eight weeks of gestation. The procedure-related loss was estimated as approximately 0.6%. The cytogenetic analysis routinely used was "direct" trophoblast karyotyping. There were no false-negative diagnoses. Trophoblastic mosaicism was observed in 1.3% of samples. Amniocentesis was performed in 3.5% of cases because of chorionic villus sampling failure, chorionic mosaicism, or elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) concentrations. Chorionic villus sampling was not associated with falsely elevated MSAFP levels at 15-18 weeks' gestation. Chorionic villus sampling has proved a safe and accurate prenatal diagnostic method associated with relatively low risk when performed by an experienced team, although additional amniocentesis will be necessary in a small percentage of pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

(Na+,K+)-ATPase kinetics within the intact renal cell. The role of oxidative metabolism.

The kinetics of oxygen consumption and (Na+,K+)-ATPase-mediated K+ transport was examined by reintroducing K+ into a K+-depleted suspension of renal tubules. In the presence of the substrates glucose, lactate, and alanine, a K+/O2 ratio of 10.4 +/- 0.2 was obtained, and the apparent K1/2 for K+ transport with respect to external K+ concentration was 0.9 mM. Supplementation of the substrates with the short chain fatty acid, butyric, had a 3-fold effect on the kinetic parameters examined: 1) the quantity of (Na+,K+)-ATPase-mediated ion transport per oxygen consumed fell by 17 +/- 2%; 2) the maximum rate of K+ transport increased by nearly 50%; and 3) the apparent K1/2 for transport with respect to external K+ concentration rose to 1.5 mM. These results indicate that despite decreasing the quantity of ATP produced per oxygen consumed, short chain fatty acids are able to increase the overall production of ATP during periods of high metabolic demand. The coupling between the two major metabolic processes of the renal cell, (Na+,K+)-ATPase-mediated ion transport and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, is addressed in the context of these findings.

Animals↗