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Biomedical subjects

L P Rehm

Publications and source records attributed to L P Rehm.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Empirically supported treatments: implications for training.

This article discusses the role of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) in the training of clinical psychologists. Training in ESTs can be integrated in ways that vary depending on the level of training and setting. Predoctoral programs, internships, postdoctoral programs, and continuing education are discussed in regard to special challenges and sequencing of training. A preliminary set of guidelines for training in ESTs is suggested.

Empiricism↗
PubMed1994

On the AHCPR depression in primary care guidelines. Further considerations for practitioners. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.AHCPR.

The majority of cases of clinical depression go unrecognized and untreated, despite the fact that depression is an eminently treatable disorder. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) recently published a set of clinical practice guidelines focused on depression in primary care settings. The review of the literature on which the guidelines are based is thorough and appropriate and should enhance the detection of depression and the quality of pharmacotherapy for depression. However, the guidelines encourage primary care physicians to provide pharmacotherapy to their depressed patients as the first line of treatment. The wisdom of this recommendation is questioned and revisions to the guidelines are suggested. Specifically, patients should be informed of the broad array of treatment options available and provided with a more balanced presentation of the potential benefits of psychotherapy for depression. Patients should decide which treatment alternative they wish to undergo.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1993

A study of autobiographical memories in depressed and nondepressed elderly individuals.

An autobiographical memory task was used to study memory processes and depression in elderly individuals. Twenty-seven nondepressed and twenty-seven depressed elderly participants recalled thirty memories. Each memory was self-rated for happiness versus sadness and the degree of importance of the event at the time the event occurred (i.e., "then") and looking back on the event ("now"). Nondepressed participants perceived greater positive change in affective tone between "then" and "now" ratings. Depressed participants recalled more memories rated as sad "now" than nondepressed, and perceived negative and positive memories to become more neutral than nondepressed participants. These results are consistent with a mood congruence hypothesis, in that participants recalled more memories affectively consistent with current mood, and a self-enhancement view of reminiscing, such that recalling memories evaluated as happier was associated with less depression.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Attributional style and self-control behavior in depressed and nondepressed children and their parents.

Do the reformulated model of learned helplessness and the self-control model apply to clinically depressed children? Are the related cognitive patterns specific to depression? Are the cognitive deficits associated with depression learned from one's parents? To address these questions this investigation examined three groups of children (ages 8-12) and their parents: nonclinic (n = 25), nondepressed clinic (n = 22), and depressed clinic (n = 15). Children were diagnosed depressed on the basis of Kiddie-SADS interview data. Depressed clinic children self-reported more depression, had a more depressive attributional style, and had more self-control problems. There were more depressed mothers in the clinic than in the nonclinic sample. Depressed clinic children had more depressed mothers than did nondepressed clinic children. There were no differences among the three groups of parents in their cognitive patterns. No relationship was found between the attributional style and self-control behavior of children and their parents.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Family interaction patterns and childhood depression.

Rehm's (1977) self-control model for depression and Bandura's (1977) concept that children internalize external controls placed upon them are united to predict family interaction patterns that may contribute to the etiology or maintenance of depression in children. Families of depressed, nondepressed, and nonclinic children were compared on rates of, and criteria for, parental and self-reinforcement. Mother-father-child interactions were sequentially coded to reveal that mothers of depressed and nonclinic children both set very high criteria for rewarding their children, compared to mothers of clinic/nondepressed children. However, mothers of depressed children rewarded their depressed children at much lower rates than mothers of either clinic/nondepressed or nonclinic children. These factors, taken together, are discussed in terms of their possible etiological role in childhood depression.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Item characteristics of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.

The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression has become a popular instrument for quantifying clinical assessments of the severity of depression in psychiatric research, and data on its psychometric properties continue to accumulate. Data are presented on item interrater reliability, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and ability to differentiate depressed from non-depressed groups. Recommendation for a reduced scale and for anchoring point guidelines are made.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1984

The relationship between strategies of coping and perception of pain in three chronic pain groups.

Examined the relationship between perception of pain, personality, coping and the reactions of family members in three chronic pain groups (sickle cell anemia, arthritis, and low back pain). Sixty black Ss equally distributed in the three medically diagnosed pain groups completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Maudsley Personality Inventory, a self-control measure, and the modified spouse response questionnaire. Nonsignificant association was detected between measures of pain and neuroticism; a significant inverse relationship was found between self-controlling behaviors and the affective dimension of pain; the relationship between perceived solicitous behavior and intensity and quality of pain differentiated the sickle cell and arthritic groups from the low back pain group; for the low back pain group, intensity of pain was related significantly to solicitous behaviors of family members, but the reverse was true for the arthritic and sickle cell groups.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Social-cognitive and cognitive correlates of depression in children.

The present investigation examined depression and its social-cognitive and cognitive correlates in a sample of 108 elementary school children: 36 children in each of grades 1, 4, and 8. Children were classified as depressed and nondepressed according to their scores on the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Depression appeared stable over a 3-week time interval. Depressed children reported a higher number of "masking" symptoms, were rated as more depressed by their teachers, and perceived their family environment to be more distressed. As posited, when compared to nondepressed children, depressed children have lower self-esteem, a more depressive attributional style, and more self-control deficits. Further, they have impaired performance on some cognitive tasks (block design, coding digit span) but not all (vocabulary). The prediction that depression would be manifested differently in first-, fourth-, and eighth-graders was not supported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Postpartum depression. A role for social network and life stress variables.

Depressed (N = 11) and nondepressed (N = 19) women who had recently given birth were compared on several life stress measures and indices of structural and qualitative characteristics of their social networks. We predicted that depressed subjects diagnosed on the basis of Research Diagnostic Criteria would have experienced more stressful life events since the beginning of pregnancy and since delivery. We also predicted that depressed subjects would have fewer confidants and receive less instrumental and emotional support from their network members. These predictions were largely confirmed, except that the two groups did not differ on number of confidants. The social support provided by spouses appeared to be especially important. Implications of these findings for life events and social network research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Measurement of depression in clinical trials: an overview.

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the commonly used measures of depression in order to help clinicians better interpret the results of clinical studies of depression. In the first section comprehensive and specific depression measures are contrasted. In the second section five classes of depression measures are defined: self-report, self-monitoring, ratings of significant others, clinical ratings, and ward observations. Several methodological issues are illustrated in discussing the liabilities, assets, and possible misuses of each class. Recommendations for accurate interpretation of depression measures are listed in the conclusion.

Depressive Disorder↗