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Biomedical subjects

L Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to L Olsen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Evaluation of glomerular filtration rate in infants.

In the present study we investigated if inulin with single injection technique and capillary blood sampling can be used to determine glomerular filtration rate. Inulin single injection clearances using both venous and capillary samples were compared to standard inulin clearance (constant infusion) and to the clinical routine method, i.e. 51Cr-EDTA clearance. Good agreement was obtained between these different methods and it is concluded that the inulin single injection clearance is a reliable method for GFR estimation. Especially in children this method is recommended as capillary blood samples can be used and thus the high doses of radioactivity necessary for a 51Cr-EDTA capillary method can be avoided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula in children with special reference to surgical management and to repair of recurrent nerve injury.

The majority of tracheo-oesophageal fistulas are best treated by a cervical approach, in which there is an obvious risk of injuring the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Usually there is a temporary dysfunction, but if the nerve is completely divided, an attempt at microsurgical direct end-to-end anastomosis is worth while, which is here proven in a child of three weeks of age.

Esophagoscopy↗
PubMed1982

Aspects on the treatment of omphalocele and gastroschisis. Twenty years' clinical experience.

Sixty-one patients with abdominal wall defects (omphalocele 37; gastroschisis 24) were treated during a twenty-year period according to different therapeutical principles. An analysis showed that good results were obtained by means of primary radical closure, large lesions included. The silo-technique appeared to be less successful. The use of central vessels for infusion probably contributed to a negative outcome, while total parenteral nutrition (in peripheral veins) and postoperative assisted ventilation had positive effects. With the exception of the antenatal type of gastroschisis, our experience indicates that the vast majority of cases with omphalocele or gastroschisis can be successfully treated by means of radical primary repair.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1981

Ipratropium nasal spray: a new treatment for rhinorrhea in the common cold.

A need is often present for symptomatic treatment of the common cold. A blocked nose can be opened by a vasoconstrictor, but no effective therapy is known today for rhinorrhea. The aim of the present trial was to study the effect of the topically active parasympatholytic, ipratropium, on rhinorrhea. In a placebo-controlled group comparative trial, 80 micrograms of ipratropium were taken as a nasal spray 4 times daily for 1 wk by 40 adults with spontaneously occurring common colds. All subjects administered an intranasal vasoconstrictor (xylomethazoline, 0.1%) 5 min before administering placebo or ipratropium. Ipratropium treatment resulted in a significant reduction in nasal discharge compared with that of placebo treatment during the whole treatment period (p less than 0.001), but the drug was especially effective the first 3 days, when the watery secretion was predominant. It was concluded that this new spray can be of value in the first days of a cold, when nasal discharge is a nuisance.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1980

Multiple aneurysms of visceral arteries in a child with polyarteritis nodosa.

A 9-yr-old boy with polyarteritis nodosa presented a ruptured ileocolic arterial aneurysm that was resected and ligated at emergency operation. After angiographic examination showing multiple aneurysms of visceral arteries the inferior mesenteric and the common hepatic arteries were also ligated. One year postoperatively and on steroid medication the child is symptomfree with normal laboratory data.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1979

Vigilance performance of men sleeping under arctic conditions.

This study investigated the effect of cold exposure on vigilance performance in men working and sleeping under Arctic conditions. The results were compared with changes in the amount of REM sleep. EEG sleep recordings were made on six subjects during five baseline nights in laboratory conditions, 16 experimental nights in Arctic conditions, and four recovery nights in the laboratory. Vigilance tests were administered every second day during the experimental period and two times during each of the baseline and recovery periods. During the first night in the Arctic, the amount of REM sleep fell to 50% of baseline and a large decrement occurred in detection performance on the following morning. During the remaining nights in the cold, REM deprivation averaged about 25% with somewhat greater deprivation occurring during colder nights. Reaction time measures generally increased throughout the experimental period and subsequently showed incomplete recovery. However, detection performance gradually improved during the experimental period but showed some regression following colder-than-usual nights, when REM deprivation increased. This suggested that performance on this type of task may be related to temperature variations and changes in REM deprivation.

Arctic Regions↗
PubMed1979

Postoperative mortality in Hirschsprung's disease.

The main factor causing a fatal outcome as well as the serious life threatening complications is anastomotic dehiscence. On the basis of our retrospective study we will sum up the following possible factors (not in order of importance): 1. Faulty suture techniques. 2. Pelvic seroma, haematoma or abscess with breakthrough into the lumen. 3. Tension on the suture line. 4. Deficient blood supply of either the distal colon, stump or the remaining rectum. Finally we would, on the basis of our study, like to make a plea for more and better colostomies or ileostomies; preoperatively as therapy in the sick child whose condition does not improve promptly with a rectal tube and, lastly, as postoperative cover to protect whatever anastomosis has been performed.

Colostomy↗
PubMed1977

Recurrent vaginal candidiasis. Importance of an intestinal reservoir.

To test the hypothesis that all cases of vaginal candidiasis are associated with a "reservoir" of this organism in the bowel, paired specimens of feces and vaginal material were cultured for Candida albicans simultaneously. Ninety-eight young women who complained of recurrent vaginitis were selected in sequence. The results showed that if C albicans was cultured from the vagina, it was always found in the stool. Conversely, if it was not isolated from the stool, it was never found in the vagina. These data are presented as an explanation for the recurrent nature of Candida vaginitis, and thus a cure of vaginitis would not be possible without prior eradication of C albicans from the gut. The gut-reservoir concept may well apply to other forms of candidiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Successful treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa--ventriculitis with intraventricular gentamicin in a child with hydrocephalus.

A hydrocephalic child, who was operated with a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt at the age of 1 month, developed ventriculitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 8 months. After removal of the shunt and successively increasing intramuscular and intraventricular doses of gentamicin the patient was cured and a new shunt could be inserted. As high 24-hour gentamicin level in the cerebrospinal fluid as 76 microgram/ml was reached without any apparent toxic signs.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1976

Renal function in experimental chronic hydronephrosis. V. Net acid excretion capacity in relation to renal pelvic volume after maximal loading with NH4Cl.

In 12 mongrel dogs intravenous loading with ammonium chloride (4 mmol NH4+/kg body weight) was performed before and 2-9 weeks after unilateral hydronephrosis had been produced by ligation of the ureter over an indwelling catheter. In an attempt to satisfy the demand for adequate, constant, alveolar ventilation a special respirator of the high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV) type was used. The acid-base status of the blood was determined before and after the loading and the acidification capacity of each kidney was assessed by measuring the amount of titratable acid and ammonium ions excreted in the urine. In the hydronephrotic kidney the excretion of both titratable acid and ammonium ions was statistically significantly reduced, both compared with the initial values in session I and compared with the healthy kidney in session II. After additional loading with ammonium chloride in session II, however, both kidneys increased their excretions to approximately similar extents. When the excretion was calculated per ml glomerular filtrate, no statistically significant changes were found between sessions I and II, either for the intact or the hydronephrotic kidney. The renal pelvic volume on the hydronephrotic side was measured and related to the reduction of the capacity of the kidney to excrete titratable acid and ammonium ions. No statistically significant correlation was obtained.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1976

A comparison between an acetazolamide test and weight tonography in pathological and apathological circulation of the aqueous humor.

In a total of 92 eyes in 46 individuals the outflow facilities obtained by weight tonography, Cton correlated curvilinearly with those estimated by an acetazolamide test, Cacet. The presumed apathological pairs of eyes were those with Cacet above (or equal to) 0.15 and pressure symmetry (right/left). Twenty-one patients referred for glaucoma suspicion (and three normal test persons) showed these characteristics. The eyes appeared clinically healthy even if the pressure range reached 30 mm. Hg. Here Cacet averaged 0.32 but Cton only 0.16; the discrepancy is possibly caused by the outflow obstruction brought about by the high pressures during weight tonography. The presumed pathological eyes (33 from 20 individuals referred for glaucoma suspicion or manifest glaucoma) were those with Cacet below 0.15. They generally showed pressure asymmetry and in some cases pressure values above 30 mm. Hg, and there were in several cases other glaucomatous signs. In this group Cton and Cacet were similar; both averaged 0.09. The acetazolamide test is considered more informative than weight tonography because the test provides at the same time an estimate of the outflow facilities in the normal- or low-pressure range as well as an accurate comparison between the pressures and outflow facilities of the two eyes. The test is time-consuming, however (1 to 11/2 hours).

Acetazolamide↗