[Do we really want a general one-embryo transfer in IVF?].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Embryo Transfer↗
Biomedical subjects
L Nilsson
Publications and source records attributed to L Nilsson.
[Consumption of psychopharmaceuticals in residential facilities for the elderly. Evaluation of the extent, indications and effects].
Previous studies have shown a high level of consumption of psychopharmacological drugs in nursing homes. A questionnaire study in Kronoberg County in the autumn of 1998 investigated treatment with psychopharmacological drugs at ten nursing homes with a total of 405 care recipients. The questionnaire included questions about the extent of treatment, indications, duration of treatment and evaluation routines. Some 59% of the recipients, with a variation of 48-73% in different homes, were in continuous treatment with psychopharmacological drugs. Disturbances of sleep, depression and anxiety accounted for 79% of all indications. For 84%, treatment duration was not time-limited ("until further notice"). Assessments by the care staff were the most common evaluation procedure. In only 43% of cases were patients' self-evaluations heeded. Neuroleptics were probably overused, often with indications other than psychotic symptoms. Repeated treatment evaluations involving different categories of staff are important if excessive medication is to be avoided.
Aged↗
Thoracic epidural anesthesia does not influence the occurrence of postoperative sustained atrial fibrillation.
BACKGROUND: To evaluate whether thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) can reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: Forty-one patients undergoing CABG were treated with TEA intraoperatively and postoperatively. Another 80 patients served as the control group. The sympathetic and parasympathetic activities were evaluated by analysis of neuropeptides, catecholamines and heart rate variability (HRV), preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: Postoperative AF occurred in 31.7% of the TEA-treated patients and in 36.3% of the untreated patients (p = 0.77). TEA significantly suppressed sympathetic activity, as indicated by a less pronounced increase of norepinephrine and epinephrine (p = 0.03, p = 0.02) and a significant decrease of neuropeptide Y (p = 0.01) postoperatively in TEA-treated patients compared to untreated patients. The HRV variable expressing sympathetic activity was significantly lower and the postoperative increase in heart rate was significantly less in the TEA group than in the control group after surgery (p = 0.01, p < 0.001). Among patients developing AF, the maximal number of supraventricular premature beats per minute increased significantly in untreated patients postoperatively but remained unchanged in TEA-treated patients (p = 0.004 versus p = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: TEA has no effect on the incidence of postoperative sustained AF, despite a significant reduction in sympathetic activity.
Aged↗
A triglyceride-rich fat emulsion and free fatty acids but not very low density lipoproteins impair endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of triglycerides and free fatty acids on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation. METHODS: Femoral arterial rings from rats were studied in organ baths. The vascular segments were constricted with phenylephrine after 20 min of preincubation with the triglyceride-rich fat emulsion Intralipid, free fatty acids (16:0, 18:1, 18:3) bound to bovine serum albumin, or very low density lipoproteins. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxations were determined after administration of acetylcholine and nitric oxide donors, respectively. RESULTS: Preincubation with Intralipid caused a concentration-dependent impairment of endothelium-dependent but not endothelium-independent relaxation. Very low density lipoproteins did not affect vascular function. All free fatty acids impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation, whereas endothelium-independent relaxation was unaffected. Administration of the antioxidant vitamin C partly reversed the impairment of the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by Intralipid and free fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that the triglyceride-rich fat emulsion Intralipid and individual FFAs impair endothelium-dependent relaxation of arterial rings from rat, whereas triglycerides in the form of VLDL do not affect endothelial function. The finding that the antioxidant vitamin C partly reverses this impairment indicates the involvement of oxidative mechanisms.
Acetylcholine↗
Low peripheral blood levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) at the start of gonadotrophin stimulation indicates increased risk for development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
Our hypothesis was that patients developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) might have a disturbed responsiveness or delayed activation of the immunosuppresive cytokine system. In a prospective cohort study, women (n=428) undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment were subjected to repeated blood sampling and collection of clinical data. Fifteen patients, who developed severe OHSS, were compared with matched (age, follicle numbers, pregnancy) control patients. Samples of serum and plasma were collected throughout the stimulation and up to 7 days after embryo transfer as well as during hospitalisation for OHSS. Levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, oestradiol and progesterone were measured. Significantly lower levels of IL-10 were seen at the start of gonadotrophin stimulation in OHSS patients, with an increase seen after the development of OHSS. In these OHSS patients, a negative correlation between IL-10 levels and number of follicles at time of aspiration existed, but there were no correlations between steroid and IL-10 levels. Levels of IL-13 and IL-4 were low in both groups and did not change during stimulation. The lower levels of IL-10 at start of stimulation in OHSS patients, as compared with controls, may be of pathophysiological importance by allowing for an enhanced Th-1 type immune response during gonadotrophin stimulation and thereby increased and generalised inflammation. The increase in IL-10 after development of OHSS indicates that IL-10 at that time is induced in a systemic attempt to suppress the inflammation of OHSS.
Cohort Studies↗
Plasma levels of free vascular endothelial growth factor(165) (VEGF(165)) are not elevated during gonadotropin stimulation in in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): results of a prospective cohort study with matched controls.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether differences in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor(165) (VEGF(165)) concentrations exist during gonadotropin stimulation in IVF patients developing severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) compared to matched controls. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with comparison of 15 OHSS cases with 30 matched (age, follicle numbers, pregnancy) controls. Unpaired students t-test was used to evaluate differences between the OHSS and control group and correlations were calculated with Pearson's test. RESULT(S): Plasma levels of VEGF(165), at four time-points from start of gonadotropin stimulation to embryo transfer (ET), were compared and related to steroid levels and ultrasound data. There were no differences between OHSS and control patients in plasma VEGF(165) levels at any of the four time points, which were compared. The mean levels were between 53--83 pg ml(-1) and 64--83 pg ml(-1) in the OHSS and control group, respectively. Positive correlations existed between total number of follicles, number of large (>15 mm) follicles and VEGF(165) at day of oocyte aspiration and between VEGF(165) and progesterone at ET in the control group, but not in the OHSS group. CONCLUSION(S): Patients developing OHSS do not have raised plasma VEGF(165) levels during gonadotropin stimulation. The lack of positive correlation between VEGF(165) levels and follicle numbers/progesterone in the OHSS group, suggests a disruption in OHSS of the normal controlled follicular VEGF expression.
Adult↗
Effects of staurosporine, U-73122, wortmannin, 4-hydroxynonenal and sodium azide upon the release of secreted beta-amyloid precursor protein from human platelets in response to thrombin stimulation.
In the present study, the release of secreted beta-amyloid precursor protein (AbetaPPs) in response to thrombin stimulation in platelets has been investigated. Incubation of platelets with thrombin produced a concentration-dependent release of AbetaPPs with a concomitant reduction in the AbetaPP remaining in the lysates. The response to thrombin was not affected by pretreatment for 15 min with the phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122, with the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine, or with hydrogen peroxide (which at the concentrations used affects the phosphoinositide signalling system in human platelets). In contrast, pretreatment with wortmannin and sodium azide reduced the responses to thrombin. These data would suggest that thrombin may cause the release of AbetaPPs from human platelets via an activation of a phospholipase C-independent pathway. Thrombin-stimulated AbetaPPs release was also reduced by 4-hydroxynonenal. This finding, if it is a phenomenon also found for CNS cells, could be of relevance to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, given that an accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal is found in this disease.
Aldehydes↗
Do early childhood immunizations influence the development of atopy and do they cause allergic reactions?
Concerns about allergic side-effects of vaccines and about a possible promotion of allergic diseases contribute to incomplete vaccination rates in childhood. This article reviews the current understanding of these issues. There is evidence that pertussis and diphtheria/tetanus antigens elicit immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody formation as part of the immune response. In murine models, pertussis toxin is an effective adjuvant for IgE formation against simultaneously administered antigens. In children, however, sensitization to unrelated antigens or development of allergic diseases do not seem to be augmented. In contrast, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and measles vaccination have been proposed as suppressors of allergy because of their T helper 1 (Th1)-fostering properties. In the murine system, BCG inhibits allergic sensitization and airway hyper-reactivity. Some epidemiological studies in humans suggest an inhibitory effect of tuberculosis on allergy. BCG vaccination in children, however, has no or merely a marginal suppressive effect on atopy. Other vaccine components such as egg proteins, gelatin, and antibiotics are a potential hazard to children with severe clinical reactions to these allergens. These rare children should be vaccinated under special precautions. In conclusion, vaccination programs do not explain the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases, but individual children may uncommonly develop an allergic reaction to a vaccine. The risks of not vaccinating children, however, far outweigh the risk for allergy. Therefore, childhood vaccination remains an essential part of child health programs and should not be withheld, even from children predisposed for allergy.
Adolescent↗
Comparison of key worker and patient assessment of needs in schizophrenic patients living in the community: a Nordic multicentre study.
OBJECTIVE: The present study is part of a Nordic multicentre study investigating the life and care situation of community samples of schizophrenic patients. The specific aim of the present part of the study was to examine the agreement between patients and their key worker concerning the presence of met and unmet needs in a number of life domains, and help or support given in these domains. METHOD: The comparisons were based on 300 matched pairs of assessments of need using the Camberwell Assessment of Need interview. RESULTS: The results showed that key workers identified slightly more needs, 6.17 vs. 5.76, a significant difference. There was a moderate or better agreement on the presence of a need in 17 of 22 life domains investigated, but in only 11 life domains concerning the presence of an unmet need. Disagreement concerning whether the patient was given the right kind of help or support was even more substantial. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that key workers and patients disagree particularly concerning unmet needs and that this is potentially related to a number of factors associated with the key worker and patient. It is also concluded that further research is needed to increase the knowledge concerning the sources of this disagreement if need assessment is to become a valid basis for service planning and individual treatment planning.
Adult↗
Wheezing in relation to atopy and environmental factors in Estonian and Swedish schoolchildren.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases is significantly lower in post socialist Eastern Europe than in Western industrialized countries. The reason for this difference is largely unknown. Different types of childhood wheezing could be related to different risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, asthma and atopic diseases among Estonian and Swedish schoolchildren and to evaluate characteristics for wheezing in the two countries. METHODS: In a prevalence study, population-based random samples of 10-11-year-old schoolchildren in Tallinn (n = 979), Estonia and in Linköping (n = 911) and Ostersund (n = 1197), Sweden were studied by a parental questionnaire and skin prick tests (SPT). All 275 children with wheeze in the past 12 months and 710 randomly selected controls within the original cohorts were invited to a case-control study involving a parental questionnaire, examination for flexural dermatitis and bronchial challenge with hypertonic saline. The study adhered to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II protocol. RESULTS: The prevalence of current wheezing was similar (8-10%) in the three centres, while diagnosed asthma and atopic symptoms were more common in Sweden and cold-related respiratory symptoms were more prevalent in Estonia. Frequent wheezing was more common in Sweden than in Estonia (but significantly so only in Ostersund). Wheezing children in Sweden had a high rate of positive SPT (49% in Linköping and 58% in Ostersund) bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) (48% in Linköping and Ostersund) and anti-asthmatic treatment (63% in Linköping and 81% in Ostersund). In Estonia, the proportion of wheezing children with positive SPT, BHR and anti-asthmatic treatment was only 26%, 13% and 17%, respectively. Domestic crowding was inversely related to wheezing in one of the study areas (Ostersund). The mean baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was higher in Estonia than in Sweden, both in wheezing and non-wheezing children. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that although wheezing symptoms were equally common in Estonia and Sweden, they were less severe in Estonia. More frequent symptoms and a high rate of atopy, BHR and anti-asthmatic medication characterized wheezing children in Sweden. In contrast, BHR, atopy and medication were uncommon among wheezing children in Estonia.
Bronchial Hyperreactivity↗
Characterization of two novel mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor gene in patients with primary cortisol resistance.
OBJECTIVE: Primary glucocorticoid resistance is characterized by decreased sensitivity to cortisol signalling. We have performed genetic analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene in 12 unrelated patients with primary cortisol resistance as defined by a pathological dexamethasone suppression test. METHODS: Exon specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of the GR gene and sequencing of each exon was carried out. The two mutations were characterized in vitro in terms of glucocorticoid driven reporter gene activity in a transient transfection assay and in a ligand binding assay. Molecular modelling of the R477H mutant was performed based on the X-ray structure of the GR-DNA binding domain. RESULTS: Two novel mutations in the GR gene were found: R477H in the DNA-binding domain which is the first reported mutation in that region of the human GR gene and G679S in the ligand binding domain. The R477H mutation showed no transactivating capacity, whereas the G679S mutation had reduced transactivation capacity compared to the wild-type (wt) GR. When tested for ligand binding capacity, the G679S mutation had 50% binding affinity compared to the wt GR. The effect of the point mutation R477H was deduced by a comparison between the wt structure and the model of the mutant. The wt GR has direct and water mediated contact with the phosphate groups of the glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) whereas, in the model, the mutation R477H has no contact with the GRE. The G679S mutation is located on the surface of the ligand binding domain, at a distance from the steroid-binding site. A previously reported polymorphism, AAT to AAC at amino acid position 766, was found in four of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: In two of 12 patients with clinical glucocorticoid resistance, mutant forms of GR could be found. The glucocorticoid resistance in vivo in these two patients corresponds to impaired function of the two mutated GR forms in two in vitro assays. The relevance of the conservative polymorphism for the glucocorticoid insensitivity noted in these patients remains to be clarified.
Adult↗
Factors affecting production of an antilisterial bacteriocin by Carnobacterium piscicola strain A9b in laboratory media and model fish systems.
AIMS: To investigate factors influencing bacteriocin production and bacteriocin stability of the bioprotective culture Carnobacterium piscicola strain A9b. METHODS AND RESULTS: Maximum activity was obtained in MRS7 broth (MRS adjusted to pH 7.2), with or without glucose. No bacteriocin was produced in APT broth when a low inoculum level (0.001%) was used. In contrast, inoculum level did not influence bacteriocin production in BHI and MRS7 without glucose. Bacteriocin production in APT was induced by the presence of an extracellular compound present in the sterile, filtered, cell-free supernatant fluid of a stationary-phase culture. Increasing concentrations of NaCl (2-7%) reduced bacteriocin production and maximum cell density of C. piscicola A9b when grown in cooked fish juice at 4 degrees C. CONCLUSION: Media composition, inoculum level and sodium chloride concentration affected production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The influence of NaCl on bacteriocin production may negate the inhibitory effect of C. piscicola A9b against Listeria monocytogenes in salty foods.
Agar↗
Antiepileptic drug therapy and its management in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a case-control study.
PURPOSE: Because frequent seizures constitute a major risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), the treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may play a role for the occurrence of SUDEP. We used data from routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to study the association between various aspects of AED treatment and the risk of SUDEP. METHODS: A nested case-control study was based on a cohort consisting of 6,880 patients registered in the Stockholm County In Ward Care Register with a diagnosis of epilepsy. Fifty-seven SUDEP cases, and 171 controls, living epilepsy patients, were selected from the cohort. Clinical data including data on TDM were collected through medical record review. RESULTS: The relative risk (RR) of SUDEP was 3.7 (95% CI, 1.0-13.1) for outpatients who had no TDM compared with those who had one to three TDMs during the 2 years of observation. RR was 9.5 (1.4-66.0) if carbamazepine (CBZ) plasma levels at the last TDM were above and not within the common target range (20-40 microM). High CBZ levels were associated with a higher risk in patients receiving polytherapy and in those with frequent dose changes. Although the subgroup of patients with high CBZ levels was small (six cases of 33 with CBZ therapy), and the result should be interpreted with caution, no similar associations were demonstrated for phenytoin plasma levels and risk of SUDEP. No association was found between SUDEP risk and within-patient variation in AED levels over time. CONCLUSIONS: Polytherapy, frequent dose changes, and high CBZ levels as identified risk factors for SUDEP all point to the risks associated with an unstable severe epilepsy. It is unclear whether high CBZ levels per se represent a risk factor or just reflect other unidentified aspects of a severe epilepsy. Our results, however, prompt further detailed analyses of the possible role of AEDs in SUDEP in larger cohorts and suggest that reasonable monitoring of the drug therapy may be useful to reduce risks.
Adolescent↗
Diminished circadian variation in heart rate variability before surgery in patients developing postoperative atrial fibrillation.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of the autonomic nervous system for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass surgery. DESIGN: Eighty patients without a previous history of AF were included. The sympathetic and parasympathetic activity were evaluated by the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in the frequency domain from 24-h Holter recordings and by measuring neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y, chromogranin A, chromogranin B, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)) and catecholamines, obtained pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: Preoperatively, patients (36.3%) developing AF postoperatively showed a statistically significant less circadian variation in the HRV variables, the high-frequency (HF) component (p = 0.013) and the low-frequency (LF)/HF ratio (p = 0.007), than patients remaining in sinus rhythm. The HF component and PP. both reflecting parasympathetic activity, and all other variables in the frequency domain, decreased significantly after surgery in both patient groups (p < 0.0001). Although catecholamines increased significantly postoperatively in both patient groups, neither catecholamines nor neuropeptides expressing sympathetic activity, differed between the two groups. PP was, however, significantly higher in patients with postoperative AF than in those with sinus rhythm postoperatively on day 1. CONCLUSION: The diminished circadian variation in HRV before surgery and the indirect signs of a higher parasympathetic activity in patients developing postoperative AF compared with patients remaining in sinus rhythm, may indicate a propensity for AF.
Aged↗
The geographical and ethnic distribution of the D90A CuZn-SOD mutation in the Russian Federation.
INTRODUCTION: Mutations in the gene encoding the free radical scavenging enzyme CuZn-superoxide dismutase have been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Ninety-eight mutations have been found worldwide in patients with ALS, all but one showing a dominant pattern of inheritance. The exception is the D90A mutation which in Finland, northern Norway and northern Sweden exists with an allele frequency of 1-2.5% and is in these regions associated with ALS inherited as a recessive trait. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study we searched for the D90A CuZn-SOD mutation in different ethnic populations of the Russian Federation and found the D90A mutation not only in locations close to the Scandinavian peninsula but also in remote populations in Asia. CONCLUSION: The finding makes the D90A mutation the most prevalent CuZn-SOD mutation globally and has implications for interpreting the recent reports of D90A-heterozygous ALS patients in North America and Europe.
Adult↗
Serial ultrasonography, hormonal profile and antisperm antibody response after testicular sperm aspiration.
BACKGROUND: In many fertility centres, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with epididymal or testicular spermatozoa is a routine treatment for men with azoospermia. In this prospective study, the physiological consequences after testicular sperm aspiration (TESA), using suction and a 19 gauge needle, were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-five consecutive men with azoospermia underwent TESA. Testicular ultrasonography with Doppler flow imaging was performed and testicular volumes were evaluated pre-operatively and 3 months after aspiration. If focal testicular lesions were found, further examinations were performed 6 and 9 months after TESA. Serum FSH, testosterone and antisperm antibodies (ASA) were analysed. Focal testicular lesions were seen in four out of 61 testes (6.6%) at the 3 month investigation point. Three lesions were resolved after 6 months and all after 9 months. Testicular echogenicity remained unchanged in 50 cases (82%) 3 months after TESA. Four men (11.4%) reported severe subjective discomfort post-operatively, but only one had a medical consultation where an intratesticular haematoma was diagnosed. There were no significant changes in FSH and testosterone after surgery and testicular volumes were similar after 3 months. There were three borderline cases of ASA in serum, but none was classified as ASA-positive. CONCLUSIONS: The puncture method of testicular sperm aspiration seems to be a safe method for sperm retrieval, with minimal physiological consequences.
Adult↗
Plasma concentrations of nitrate during the menstrual cycle, ovarian stimulation and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) is predominantly a locally acting mediator, affecting several functions in the human female reproductive tract. In vivo, it is quickly metabolized to its stable end product nitrate, which is cleared by the kidney. METHODS AND RESULTS: The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible fluctuations of plasma nitrate concentrations during the menstrual cycle, ovarian stimulation as well as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). During the menstrual cycle (n = 19 women) the mean nitrate concentrations were between 26.7 and 29.5 micromol/l at all stages except for the day of ovulation, when the concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) increased (mean 37.2 micromol/l +/- 2.0). Significantly lower concentrations of plasma nitrate (P < 0.01) were measured at the end of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) down-regulation (24.6 micromol/l +/- 1.4) compared with the concentrations found at day 8 of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation (34.9 micromol/l +/- 2.6) and at the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) (35.6 micromol/l +/- 3.3). The concentrations of nitrate (33.4 micromol/l +/- 3.4) in women with OHSS (n = 13) were similar to those seen 5 days after embryo transfer (33.2 micromol/l +/- 2.3). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that NO synthesis is increased at the time of spontaneous ovulation. GnRH treatment inhibits NO synthesis, while NO production is not increased in women with OHSS.
Adult↗
A prospective, randomized comparison of two starting doses of recombinant FSH in combination with cetrorelix in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI.
BACKGROUND: A prospective randomized study was carried out in two centres to compare the number of oocytes retrieved after two different starting doses of recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) (Gonal-F) in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using the multiple dose regimen of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist cetrorelix (Cetrotide) to prevent induction of the premature LH surge. METHODS: Sixty women were randomized to receive rhFSH 150 IU ('low'), and 60 women to receive rhFSH 225 IU ('high') as the starting dose for the first 5 days of stimulation. From stimulation day 6 and onwards, including the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration, the women received 0.25 mg of cetrorelix as a daily dose. The primary endpoint was the number of oocytes retrieved. RESULTS: The mean number (+/- SD) of oocytes was 9.1 +/- 4.4 and 11.0 +/- 4.6 in the 'low' and 'high' groups respectively (P = 0.024). The mean number of 75 IU ampoules of rhFSH was significantly lower in the 'low' group (23.0 +/- 6.3 versus 30.5 +/- 5.6, P < 0.0001). The ongoing pregnancy rate per started cycle and per embryo transfer were 25.9 and 28.8% versus 25.4 and 26.8% respectively in the 'low' and 'high' rhFSH groups (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: When using a starting dose of 225 IU rhFSH combined with the multiple dose of 0.25 mg cetrorelix from stimulation day 6, significantly more oocytes were obtained than with a starting dose of 150 IU rhFSH.
Cell Count↗