Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L N Valenkevich.
The literary data on the poorly investigated syndrome of cavernoma of the portal vein resulting to portal hypertension is represented. Inherent and acquired forms have described. The mechanisms of cavernoma development, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods have represented. The problems of the differential diagnostics and treatment have considered in detail.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
In old age, a significant increase of the starch hydrolysis and a decrease in the maltose hydrolysis occur, as well as lactose, glucose absorption, fructose and galactose. The starch hydrolysis decreases with further ageing, too, whereas saccharose hydrolysis and pure galactose absorption maintain their levels in old age. In ageing, the enzyme systems maintaining the membrane digestion undergo alterations earlier than the transport systems.
The paper presents the results of clinical and laboratory studies of lactrase, a drug containing lactase. This agent is recommended for splitting lactic sugar in subjects with appreciably decreased production of endogenous lactase (hypolactasia). Twenty-eight patients with this condition were examined. Manifest clinical symptoms of the condition were observed after loading with 50 g of lactose in all examinees. Addition of 250 mg of lactrase to lactose led to complete clinical compensation of the deficit of endogenous lactase in 75% examinees, and if 500 mg of lactrase was administered, hypolactasia was compensated in virtually all patients. A single intake of 50 g of lactose with lactrase causes a statistically reliable increase of glycemia in such patients. Moreover, a reliable effect of lactrase was observed when measuring galactose in the urine following the lactose test with 250 and 500 mg of lactrase. Our results indicate a high efficacy of lactrase in the treatment of patients with hypolactasia.
Literature lists more than 300 case reports of bettolepsy developing mainly in chronic diseases of the respiratory organs (chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema, cor pulmonale) as well as in patients with epilepsy and organic brain diseases. The authors describe a case of bettolepsy in a patient with acute (croupous) pneumonia without respiratory diseases in the anamnesis and without a burdened neurological status. The role of nicotin and alcohol in the development of bettolepsy is shown. The problems of pathogenesis, clinical picture, differential diagnosis and treatment of bettolepsy are discussed.
A study of the cavitary and membrane digestion of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and data of the histological structure of the bioptate of the duodenal mucosa in 34 patients with chronic pancreatitis revealed the morphological picture of chronic duodenitis. This resulted in a reduction of the sorption properties of the intestinal epithelium that was manifested in a reduction of the rate of membranous digestion, mainly of lipids and lactose. Lesser degrees of protein, starch and saccharose hydrolysis were observed. Biopsy specimens of the duodenal mucosa showed a reduced activity of enterokinase and alkaline phosphatase. Antacids (almagel, phosphalugel), mineral waters ("Borzhomi", "Poliana Kvasova"), regeneration stimulators (Metacyl, retalil), agents stimulating the motor function (cerukal, reglan and oth.) are recommended for the complex treatment of concomitant duodenitis.
Forty-six patients suffering from chronic enteritis (CE) and 34 healthy subjects were examined for the effect of standard polysubstrate food (protein plus fat plus carbohydrate). It has been shown that in the healthy subjects, addition of protein food exerted a stimulating effect on enzymic and absorption functions of the small intestine whereas fat intake produces a reverse, inhibitory effect. As a rule, in small intestinal lesions that effect is retained. However, there was a significant reduction of the hydrolysis and absorption of both monosubstrate and bi- and polysubstrate food. It should be stressed that in CE patients, the use of polysubstrate food results in its better assimilation as compared to monosubstrate food substances.
The response of serum gastrin, insulin and glucagon to administration of sodium bicarbonate (SB) followed by cimetidine was studied in 35 duodenal ulcer patients. Relevant measurements were made using radioimmunoassay kits "Diagnostic" (USA) and "Oris" (France). It was established that SB administration induced a significant rise in gastrin levels while those of insulin, glucagon and gastrin lowered significantly following cimetidine treatment (gastrin levels progressed to baselines). This marked effect of cimetidine on the gut hormone production is not always due to its adverse action being rather of compensatory nature and directed at enhancement of cytoprotection and normalization of gastric secretion.
The authors describe 32 patients with hemochromatosis observed from 1965 through 1990 (28 men and 4 women). The diagnostic role of serum iron determination and liver biopsy is emphasized. The therapeutic results of bloodletting (500 ml weekly for several years) dyspheral (1-1.2 g intramuscularly daily for 1-2 years and longer). This treatment did not essentially influence the course of diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis as well as the articular and endocrine syndromes. The clinical effect of this treatment lasted for 6-8 years.
A study of adenylatecyclase (AC), guanylatecyclase (GC), cAMP, cGMP in the small intestine mucosa and PGE2 and PGP2 in the blood serum of 34 patients with chronic enteritis showed that development of the malabsorption syndrome, diarrhea, structural changes of the small intestine mucosa is influenced by changes in the PGE-AC-cAMP and PGP-AC-cGMP systems. Thus, average-severe and severe course of the disease was accompanied by an increase in the biopsy material of the small intestine mucosa of AC, GC, cAMP, cGMP and PGP2 in the blood.
Blood serum insulin, glucagon, pepsinogen, trypsin was studied by radioimmunological methods in 95 patients with ulcer disease. Fasting values and values 1 and 2 hours after a standard breakfast (1212 kcal) were evaluated. It was established that all patients showed a statistically valid increase of the basal level of glucagon while patients with gastric ulcer showed an increase of the basal insulin level. Use of a test breakfast showed reserve and compensatory capacities of the hormonal pancreatic function. Patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer revealed an increase of the pepsinogen level under conditions of basal secretion and after a test breakfast.
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