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L N Kolonel

Publications and source records attributed to L N Kolonel.

187 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethnic differences in the lung cancer risk associated with smoking.

Mortality trends and ecological data strongly suggest that the lung cancer risk associated with smoking is greater among Hawaiians than among the other ethnic groups in Hawaii. The authors combined data from two consecutive population-based case-control studies to formally test this hypothesis among 740 cases and 1616 controls. A multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for pack-years of smoking, occupation, education, and age revealed that Hawaiian, Filipino, and Caucasian male smokers were at 121%, 53%, and 46% greater risk for lung cancer than Japanese male smokers. These risk differences were statistically significant, were consistent across sexes and histological types, and were not explained by the type of cigarettes, the level of inhalation, or by cholesterol or beta-carotene intake. Additionally, an increased lung cancer risk unrelated to smoking was observed among Chinese women. The possibility that other dietary antioxidants and/or genetic risk factors are responsible for these ethnic differences needs to be investigated.

Adult↗
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Relationship of serum uric acid to cancer occurrence in a prospective male cohort.

Uric acid is a potent antioxidant and thus might protect against cancer. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship of serum uric acid to subsequent cancer incidence in a cohort of Japanese men in Hawaii. The study population consisted of 7889 men identified in the years 1965-1968 and followed by active hospital surveillance through November 1991. Cancer risk by serum uric acid level was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for age and, where indicated, smoking, alcohol use, and body mass index. No significant associations were seen for total cancer (1544 cases), or for cancers of the stomach (214), colon (272), rectum (105), lung (223), bladder (89), or hematopoietic system (77). For prostate cancer (293 cases), a positive association was found (relative risk for highest versus lowest quartile of serum uric acid = 1.5; 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.1; p for trend = 0.04). When the interval from examination to diagnosis was considered, this association was strongest for cases diagnosed in the first 10 years, was attenuated after 15 years, and disappeared completely after 20 years. The findings from this study do not support the hypothesis that uric acid protects against cancer occurrence.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A pilot study on the use of plasma carotenoids and ascorbic acid as markers of compliance to a high fruit and vegetable dietary intervention.

The authors examined the feasibility of using plasma carotenoids and ascorbic acid as markers of compliance for dietary intervention trials aimed at increasing the quantity and variety of the fruit and vegetable intake of free-living individuals. Nineteen former cancer patients who had been successfully treated for a stage I or II squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, or lung were recruited. Subjects served as their own controls. However, in order to detect any seasonal trends, 4 individuals among the 19 were randomized to a nonintervention group. Subjects in the intervention group were counseled by dietitians with the goal of increasing their intake of fruits and vegetables to eight servings/day (1 serving each of dark green vegetables, yellow-orange vegetables, tomato products, and other vegetables; 3 servings of vitamin C-rich fruits; and 1 serving of other fruits). Subjects in the nonintervention group were advised to follow their usual diet. Three-day measured food records kept at base line and after 3 months of intervention, as well as unannounced 24-h dietary recalls, documented an increase in mean fruit and vegetable intake from 4.2 to 9.5 servings daily in the intervention group. A concomitant increase of 29% was observed in total plasma carotenoids (P = 0.02), with increases of 25% for plasma lycopene (P = 0.06), 31% for plasma lutein (P = 0.002), 39% for plasma beta-carotene (P = 0.01), and 57% for plasma alpha-carotene (P = 0.01). Mean plasma levels of ascorbic acid increased by 27% (P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intake of specific carotenoids and lung cancer risk.

Using newly available food composition data for carotenoids, the authors reanalyzed a population-based case-control study of diet and lung cancer conducted in Hawaii in 1983-1985 (L. Le Marchand et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 81: 1158-1164, 1989). The analysis included interviews with 230 men and 102 women with lung cancer and 597 men and 268 women as controls, frequency-matched to the patients by age and sex. A previously validated quantitative diet history assessed the usual intake of foods rich in carotenoids. After adjusting for smoking and other covariates, no association was found with lung cancer risk for dietary lycopene or beta-cryptoxanthin intake, whereas dose-dependent inverse associations of comparable magnitude were found for dietary beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and lutein. When subjects were cross-classified by their joint intakes of the latter three carotenoids, those who had a high intake (> median) for all three had the lowest risk for lung cancer. In a similar two-way interaction analysis, the previously reported inverse association of lung cancer with vegetable consumption in these data was found to be stronger than that with intake of these three carotenoids. Consistent with our previous findings, this analysis provides further evidence for a protective effect of certain carotenoids against lung cancer and for the greater protection afforded by consuming a variety of vegetables compared to only foods rich in a particular carotenoid.

Carotenoids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum androgens and sex hormone-binding globulins in relation to lifestyle factors in older African-American, white, and Asian men in the United States and Canada.

Differences in endogenous androgen levels have been hypothesized to explain ethnic differences in prostate cancer risk. To examine this hypothesis, we gathered data on serum concentrations of androgens and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in healthy older men from four ethnic groups at different levels of prostate cancer risk. As part of a population-based case-control study of prostate cancer we conducted in California, Hawaii, and Vancouver, Canada, 1127 African-American, white, Chinese-American, and Japanese-American control men, mostly ages 60 years or older (mean age, 69.9 years) provided information on various lifestyle factors and donated an early morning fasting blood sample between March 1990 and March 1992. We used these data to examine the distributions of serum androgens [testosterone (total, free, and bioavailable), dihydrotestosterone (DHT)], the ratio of DHT to total testosterone (DHT:testosterone ratio), and SHBG in these four ethnic groups. We also assessed correlations between concentrations of these measures with age, body size, physical activity, and other personal characteristics, and we evaluated ethnic differences in concentrations of androgens and SHBG after adjusting for these characteristics. In each of the four ethnic groups, concentrations of free and bioavailable testosterone declined with age, whereas SHBG concentrations increased with age. Age-adjusted concentrations of all androgen measures and SHBG decreased with increasing levels of Quetelet's index. After adjustment for age and Quetelet's index, androgens and SHBG showed no clear and consistent relationships to physical activity, alcohol consumption, or tobacco use. DHT:testosterone ratio was higher in men reporting a history of benign prostate disease than in men without such a history, and higher in vasectomized men than in nonvasectomized men. SHBG concentrations were higher in men reporting one or more first-degree relatives with prostate cancer than in men without such a family history. After adjustment for age and Quetelet's index, the levels of total and bioavailable testosterone were highest in Asian-Americans, intermediate in African-Americans, and lowest in whites. However, the DHT:testosterone ratio was highest in African-Americans, intermediate in whites, and lowest in Asian-Americans, corresponding to the respective incidence rates in these groups and providing indirect evidence for ethnic differences in 5alpha-reductase enzyme activity.

Adult↗