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Biomedical subjects

L N Binn

Publications and source records attributed to L N Binn.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Measles virus antibodies in a laboratory colony of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus).

Serologic testing revealed that 17/84 (20.2%) of bought-in Aotus and 1/31 (3.2%) of colony-born Aotus had haemagglutination-inhibition antibody. Clinically-inapparent measles infections were detected in 3 monkeys by increased antibody titres. Following the detection of a recent infection, antibody titre persisted at a high level for at least 240 days. Although 84% of the monkeys were sero-susceptible, no further serological evidence of measles infection occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Viral antibody studies of laboratory dogs with diarrheal disease.

Viral antibody studies were done on laboratory dogs in an epizootic of gastrointestinal disease. Increased hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers to a parvovirus (PV) antigenically related to feline panleukopenia virus were found in convalescent serum specimens of 78% (20/26) of the affected dogs and in 83% (5/6) of apparently healthy dogs. With one exception, all dogs tested had significant levels of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody to this PV. Similar increased antibody titers were found to feline panleukopenia virus. Also, neutralizing antibody responses were detected to the canine coronavirus in 24% (6/25) and canine herpesvirus in 45% (10/22) of the affected dogs. However, antibody titers did not increase to canine distemper virus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, canine parainfluenza virus, or minute virus of canines. Subsequent serotesting of the colony provided evidence that additional PV infections occurred in pups from each of 8 litters born 3 to 8 months after the epizootic. These findings indicated the continued presence of the PV for more than 1 year in the infected colony. Of 19 laboratory personnel who worked with the affected dogs, none, including 4 with a concurrent diarrheal disease, developed or had antibodies to the PV or canine coronavirus.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Establishment of a canine cell line: derivation, characterization, and viral spectrum.

A cell line, designated A-72, for virus studies was established from a tumor surgically removed from a female, 8-year-old Golden Retriever dog. Following explant culture, the cells were serially passaged 135 times. The A-72 cells maintained a fibroblastic appearance and, at the 123rd passage, had a population doubling time of approximately 27 hours. Karyotypic analysis of the high passage cells showed the modal 2n chromosome number was 92 to 93. Using starch gel electrophoresis for enzyme characterization, the electrophoretic mobilities of enzymes extracted from A-72 cells were identical with those of canine peritoneal fibroblasts and primary canine kidney cells. The A-72 cells were susceptible to infection with infectious canine hepatitis virus, canine adenovirus type II, canine herpesvirus, canine parainfluenza virus, and canine coronavirus, but were not susceptible to canine distemper virus or the minute virus of canines. These cells have been particularly useful for studies of the fastidious canine coronaviruses, as the commonly used primary canine kidney cells exhibit varied susceptibility to these viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for evaluation of antibody to canine distemper virus.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for canine immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies to canine distemper virus (CDV) was developed and its test results were compared with those of the serum-neutralization (SN) test. The sera of 273 random-source adult dogs were examined. The two tests had a high degree of correlation. Very few discrepancies occurred and most of these were at the lower limits of each test. When the sera were tested at 1:100 dilution, there was a 98% agreement between the ELISA and SN test. Titrated SN and IgG ELISA tests also were performed on sera from 77 dogs whose lifetime medical histories were known. The results showed excellent agreement between the tests. Only five of the 77 sera showed any discrepancies and these were at detection-threshold levels. To follow antibody development in two dogs experimentally infected with CDV, it was necessary to use an ELISA which detected both canine IgM and IgG. The ELISA detected CDV-specific IgM a week before the SN test results became positive. The IgM titers rose for 3 weeks and descended to lower levels about the 4th and the 5th weeks. The SN titers closely followed the IgM titers. The ELISA detected IgG antibody about the 5th and the 6th weeks of infection. Results of both the SN test and the IgG ELISA remained elevated through the 70th day of testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Studies of respiratory disease in random-source laboratory dogs: viral infections in unconditioned dogs.

A prospective study was conducted to identify the viruses causing respiratory diseases in unconditioned, random-source dogs. During the quarantine period, respiratory disease occurred in 86 of 167 (52%) dogs, and 34 (21%) died. Most affected dogs had a distemper-like illness which required extensive and prolonged care. Histopathologic studies confirmed the diagnosis of canine distemper in 10 of 12 (83%) fatal infections examined. Sixty-seven of 91 (74%) dogs which arrived without canine distemper antibody became ill, and 30 (32%) died. In contrast, only 16 of 67 (24%) dogs with canine distemper antibody had respiratory disease, and only 3 (4%) died. Parainfluenza SV5 and canine adenovirus--type II were recovered from 27 of 54 and 22 of 54 sick dogs, respectively. Canine herpesviruses, canine coronaviruses, and canine parvoviruses were less frequently isolated. Increased antibody titers to SV5 were found consistently, and rises in titer to the other viruses were demonstrated. Many of the sick dogs were infected with two or more viruses. Although several viral agents were detected during these epizootics, prevention of canine distemper appeared to be the key to controlling severe, prolonged, and often fatal respiratory disease.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1979

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of canine antibodies to canine adenoviruses.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect canine immunoglobulin G antibodies specific for infectious canine hepatitis virus and the serologically related canine adenovirus Type 2. The sequential development of homologous and heterologous antibodies was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum neutralization tests in two groups of dogs which were experimentally infected with either infectious canine hepatitis virus or canine adenovirus Type 2. Both tests were comparable in their abilities to detect the development of homologous and heterologous antibodies. Homologous antibodies were detected earlier and to a higher titer in both tests. There was a 98% agreement between the serum neutralization test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay when sera from 224 random-source dogs were examined for infectious canine hepatitis virus antibodies. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found to be a highly efficient and rapid test to determine the immune status of dogs to infectious canine hepatitis virus and canine adenovirus Type 2.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1977

Recovery of reovirus type 2 from an immature dog with respiratory tract disease.

Two similar cytopathic agents were recovered from the throat and rectal swab specimens of an immature dog with upper respiratory tract disease. The reference isolate, 14-72R, was shown to be a member of the reovirus group by its physicochemical properties, cytopathic effects in cell cultures, and appearance when examined in the electron microscope. Both isolates hemagglutinated human type O erythrocytes and antigenically were closely related to reovirus type 2. The affected pup had an increase in antibody titer to reovirus types 2 and 3. The latter findings provide evidence for possible heterotypic antibody responses in dogs to reovirus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Intestinal infection of neonatal dogs with canine coronavirus 1-71: studies by virologic, histologic, histochemical, and immunofluorescent techniques.

Enteritis induced in neonatal dogs by oral inoculation of coronavirus 1-71 was studied by virologic, histologic, histochemical, and immunofluorescent antibody methods. The enteritis, accompanied by diarrhea, developed in 4 to 7 days and was characterized by atrophy and fusion of intestinal villi and deepening of crypts, increase in cellularity of the lamina propria, flattening of epithelial cells, and discharge of goblet cells. Intra-epithelial enzyme activities generally were depressed. Specific immunofluorescent antibody reactions were present in villous epithelium of the duodenum starting on postinoculation day 2 and of the ileum on day 4. Epiehtlium of the colon showed no reaction. Virus was present in the feces for 6 to 9 days and was recovered from the small and large intestines from day 2 through day 10. The infection was not fatal and was self limiting; the diarrhea stopped between 1 and 2 weeks. The intestinal mucosa also started recovering by the end of week 1, proceeding caudally from the duodenum.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Electron microscope study of experimental enteric infection in neonatal dogs with a canine coronavirus.

Neonatal dogs, inoculated orally with coronavirus 1-71, grown in canine kidney cell cultures, developed diarrhea and a severe enteritis characterized by atrophy of the villi, changes in the enterocytes, and accelerated epithelial cell loss. Electron microscopy of the mucosal epithelium, 4 days after challenge, showed that the virus penetrated into the enterocytes between microvilli, possibly by pinocytotic mechanism. In the enterocytes, virions were most often enclosed, singly or in groups, in cytoplasmic vesicles. They were less frequently found in the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum, or in the dilated perinuclear space and only rarely, free in the cytoplasm. Virions replicated by budding only on the smooth.membranes of the cytoplasmic vesicles. The infected cells showed a variety of cytopathic effects, some nonspecific, such as disruption of the microvilli, loss of density of the cytoplasm, presence of lipid inclusions, alteration of mitochondria, and dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi cisternae and of the perinuclear space. Other cytopathic effects, characteristic of the coronavirus infection, consisted of formation of dense filamentous structures and of membrane-bound bodies. Progeny virions appeared to discharge into the gut lumen through the disrupted cell membranes of infected enterocytes still in situ or following their premature shedding.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hepatitis in skunks caused by the virus of infectious canine hepatitis.

Two cases of acute, fatal, hepatitis occurred in young, striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) trapped in southern Ontario. Histologically, lesions in the liver were similar to infectious canine hepatitis. A virus was isolated which produced large intranuclear inclusions in dog kidney cell cultures. These inclusions were Feulgen-positive and fluoresced green with acridine orange stain. The skunk hepatitis isolate was identified as the virus of infectious canine hepatitis by virus neutralization tests.

Adenoviruses, Canine↗
PubMed1972

Zoonotic infections in military scout and tracker dogs in Vietnam.

Significant levels of antibodies indicative of a variety of zoonotic infections were demonstrated in sera collected from 64 U.S. military scout and tracker dogs after service in the Republic of Vietnam (RVN). Scrub typhus antibodies were found in 45% of the specimens, melioidosis in 19%, group B arbovirus in 49%, and leptospirosis in 62%. Only 38% of the seropositive reactions for leptospirosis could be related to overseas infections. Tests were conducted on paired sera obtained from 32 of the dogs before service in RVN. Significant increases in titer were demonstrated with scrub typhus, melioidosis, leptospirosis, plague, group B arbovirus, and Rickettsia canada antigens. After 2 to 6 months of service in RVN, 8 of 19 dogs developed antibody titers to at least one of four zoonotic diseases. Only 3 of 45 dogs with 7 or more months of service failed to develop antibodies to one or more of the agents. The serological findings pose questions on the potential epidemiological importance and veterinary significance of scrub typhus, group B arbovirus, leptospirosis, and melioidosis infections in dogs.

Animals↗