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Biomedical subjects

L Morris

Publications and source records attributed to L Morris.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Reproductive health survey in young adults: sexual experience and use of contraceptives in Santiago, Chile].

A self weighted, 2 stage probability sample of households in greater Santiago was obtained to select women and men between 15 and 24 years of age in order to obtain information about knowledge of sexual aspects, sexual activity and use of contraception. 35% of females and 65% of males declared to have had premarital sexual intercourse. Mean age at first premarital coitus was 18 and 16 years for women and men, respectively. Partners were 3.5 years older for females and 2.5 years older for males. A steady boy friend was the most common first sexual partner for females. Only 20% of women and 19% of males used contraception at first coitus. Rhythm, pills and withdrawal were the most commonly used methods. Less than 4 coituses in the 2 months preceding the survey were declared by 75% of subjects. All women declared themselves monogamous; 8% of males acknowledged more than one sexual partner in the last month.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Peripheral dysplasia. Report of a new genetic syndrome.

A new, dominantly inherited form of peripheral dysplasia in three members of an Algerian family is reported. Two further individuals, not investigated, are also probably affected. The disease is characterised by distinctive clinico-radiological findings. A case of acromesomelic dysplasia of Maroteaux is also reported and the differential diagnosis of peripheral dysplasias is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. Presentation of 16 cases.

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung is one of the rarest causes of neonatal distress. The principal radiological sign of CCAM is an intrapulmonary mass of soft tissue density, containing cystic areas of different sizes and shapes. The mass usually compresses the rest of the affected lung and displaces the mediastinum and heart to the opposite side, compressing the lung which is often therefore hypoplastic. If CCAM is diagnosed in utero by ultrasound, the treatment of choice is surgery as soon as possible after birth, with good survival rates. Sixteen cases of CCAM are presented, one with bilateral disease, diagnosed at different times, and one with an associated prune belly syndrome, to be added to the 405 already reported in the literature, and their clinical, radiological and pathological features are described.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

Primary rib tumours in children (report of 27 cases with short literature review).

27 cases of primary malignant and benign rib tumours are reported. The most common malignant rib tumour in childhood is Ewing sarcoma (20 cases). Some other rare bone tumours and tumorous conditions (reticulosarcoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, monostotic rib eosinophilic granuloma, osteoid osteoma and lymphangioma) are also described. In the authors' opinion Ewing sarcoma presents with characteristic clinico-radiographic findings in most of the cases. Other monostotic, primary rib tumours and tumorous conditions in childhood--with the exception of exchondroma and enchondroma--rarely show diagnostic radiographic features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Primary bone tumours of the pelvis in childhood--Ewing's sarcoma of the ilium, pubis and ischium (report of 30 cases). (Part I).

30 children with Ewing's sarcoma, the most common malignant pelvic tumour in childhood, were analysed. The diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma is relatively easy and can be established in most of the cases on plain radiography. The diagnostic radiographic features of the tumour are discussed. The two most important conditions in differential diagnosis are eosinophilic granuloma and the rare primary bone lymphoma. Osteomyelitis should rarely cause confusion unless the clinico-radiographic findings are not properly evaluated.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Rare, primary iliac, pubic and ischial tumours in children (report of 14 cases)--Part II.

14 cases of rare, primary iliac, pubic and ischial bone tumours or tumorous conditions are reported. These include aneurysmal bone cyst, eosinophilic granuloma, cavernous haemangioma, osteoid osteoma, fibrous dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia with sarcomatous degeneration, chondrosarcoma, lymphoma and atypical malignant histiocytosis. The possibilities to be considered in the accurate radiographic recognition of primary tumours of iliac, pelvic and ischial bones are discussed.

Bone Cysts↗
PubMed1988

Primary bone tumours of the hand. Report of 21 cases.

Twenty-one primary bone tumours of the hand in children from 8 paediatric hospitals are reported. Osteochondromas and enchondromas were not included. Our material consisted of 16 patients with common tumours (3 Ewing's sarcoma, 5 aneurysmal bone cyst, 6 osteoid osteoma and 2 epidermoid cyst) and 5 patients with uncommon tumours (osteoma, simple bone cyst, haemangiopericytoma, capillary angiomatous tumour and benign ossifying fibroma or osteoblastoma). The X-ray diagnosis of the common tumours should have high concordance with histology, whereas that of uncommon tumours is much more difficult and uncertain. The characteristic features of Ewing's sarcoma are stressed as all our children with this tumour had a delayed diagnosis and a fatal outcome. Differential diagnosis with other short tubular bone lesions of the hand - specifically osteomyelitis - is discussed and the possibilities of microscopic diagnosis are stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Murine fetal liver macrophages bind developing erythroblasts by a divalent cation-dependent hemagglutinin.

During mammalian development the fetal liver plays an important role in hematopoiesis. Studies with the macrophage (M phi)-specific mAb F4/80 have revealed an extensive network of M phi plasma membranes interspersed between developing erythroid cells in fetal liver. To investigate the interactions between erythroid cells and stromal M phi, we isolated hematopoietic cell clusters from embryonic day-14 murine fetal liver by collagenase digestion and adherence. Clusters of erythroid cells adhered to glass mainly via M phi, 94% of which bound 19 +/- 11 erythroblasts (Eb) per cell. Bound Eb proliferated vigorously on the surface of fetal liver M phi, with little evidence of ingestion. The M phi could be stripped of their associated Eb and the clusters then reconstituted by incubation with Eb in the presence of divalent cations. The interaction required less Ca++ than Mg++, 100 vs. 250 microM for half-maximal binding, and was mediated by a trypsin-sensitive hemagglutinin on the M phi surface. After trypsin treatment fetal liver M phi recovered the ability to bind Eb and this process could be selectively inhibited by cycloheximide. Inhibition tests showed that the Eb receptor differs from known M phi plasma membrane receptors and fetal liver M phi did not bind sheep erythrocytes, a ligand for a distinct M phi hemagglutinin. We propose that fetal liver M phi interact with developing erythroid cells by a novel nonphagocytic surface hemagglutinin which is specific for a ligand found on Eb and not on mature red cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Spontaneous perforation of the common bile-duct in the neonate: imaging and treatment.

The presence of bile in the peritoneal cavity and obstructive jaundice without liver derangement in the neonatal period is pathognomonic of spontaneous perforation of the bile-ducts. These features can be demonstrated preoperatively with ultrasound, nuclide imaging and liver function tests, without recourse to paracentesis, and the risk of contaminating the bile ascites. Furthermore, the presence of isotope in the general peritoneal cavity will exclude the diagnosis of a choledochal cyst so that jejunum should not be anastamosed to the 'false capsule' of a spontaneous perforation.

Common Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Associations between phenomenal and objective aspects of concentration problems in depressed patients.

The paper explores a distinction between different kinds of lapse of concentration in depressed patients. The strategy is to begin with the phenomenological distinction between the mind (a) 'wandering' on to something else or (b) going 'blank'. Blanking, but not mind-wandering, is associated with longer planning times on the 'Tower of London' task. In contrast, mind-wandering but not blanking, is associated with poor memory for prose, at least under ordinary processing conditions. Different phenomenal forms of concentration problem thus have different task performance correlates. A tentative formulation is offered in terms of Shallice's model of the regulation of attention. Mind-wandering is seen as a problem of 'contention scheduling', and blanking as the result of generalized inhibition by the Supervisory Attentional System. It is evident that not all performance deficits in depression can be attributed to the cognitive capacity taken up by competing thoughts.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Novel cell surface adhesion receptors involved in interactions between stromal macrophages and haematopoietic cells.

Immunocytochemical staining of tissues with the mouse macrophage-specific monoclonal antibody, F4/80, has shown that large numbers of stromal macrophages are present in adult and foetal haematopoietic tissues. Macrophage plasma membrane processes are seen to establish extensive associations with myeloid and erythroid cells in adult bone marrow and with developing erythroblasts in foetal liver, suggestive of local trophic interactions. To explore the nature of these interactions, methods were developed for isolation of resident bone marrow macrophages (RBMM) and foetal liver macrophages (FLM). Following collagenase digestion of bone marrow or foetal liver, clusters were obtained which were composed of one or more central macrophages surrounded by proliferating haematopoietic cells. After attachment of clusters to glass coverslips, adherent macrophages could be stripped free of haematopoietic cells by pipetting in the absence of divalent cations. The purified RBMM, but not FLM, expressed a novel haemagglutinin, which mediated binding, without ingestion, of large numbers of unopsonized sheep erythrocytes by a divalent cation-independent mechanism. In view of the possibility that this sheep erythrocyte receptor (SER) could interact with a homologous ligand on mouse bone marrow cells, its properties were examined. SER was found to be a lectin-like protein which recognized protease-resistant sialylated glycoconjugates on sheep erythrocytes. The expression of SER was restricted to certain stromal tissue macrophages and was low or absent on monocytes and macrophages obtained from serous cavities. High levels of SER could be induced on elicited peritoneal macrophages by cultivation in mouse serum and the induced receptor was found to mediate low-avidity binding of murine bone marrow cells with characteristics indistinguishable from those seen for binding of sheep erythrocytes. However, maximal binding of bone marrow cells to RBMM depended on a distinct, divalent cation-dependent adhesion system. Using erythroblasts as a ligand, FLM were selected to explore the properties and expression of this adhesion receptor, the erythroblast receptor (EbR). Similar to SER, EbR did not mediate ingestion, and was restricted in its expression to foetal and adult stromal tissue macrophages. Unlike SER, EbR activity was not affected by neuraminidase treatment of the ligand and the receptor was not induced on peritoneal macrophages cultured in mouse serum. EbR appears to be a novel cell adhesion receptor because it was unaffected by inhibitors of several previously described cell adhesion molecules, including the fibronectin receptor. Future studies will attempt to explore the f

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Serum immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin G subclasses in cystic fibrosis related to the clinical state of the patient.

Levels of serum immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin G subclasses were measured in 32 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, 30 asthmatics and 27 controls. When compared with the asthmatic patients and controls, the CF patients had raised levels of all IgG subclasses as well as total IgG, IgM and IgA, but there was not a statistically significant increase in IgE. The levels of immunoglobulins in the CF patients were examined in relation to the clinical features of the disease. Raised levels of IgG4 were related to levels of IgE, but these raised levels of IgG4 appeared to be part of a general increase in total IgG and not an isolated feature. There was a significant correlation between the total IgG level and its subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and IgA. IgG1 was significantly correlated with IgG2 and IgG4; IgG2 with IgG4; and IgG4 with IgE. Total IgG was the immunoglobulin most closely correlated with poor lung function. Serum IgA was higher in patients with positive immediate skin prick reactions to pollens (p less than 0.005) and death within two years of the study was related to high levels of total IgG (p less than 0.01), IgG3 (p less than 0.001), IgA (p less than 0.001), and IgE (p less than 0.005).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Demographic and practice characteristics of chiropractors.

The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic and practice characteristics of chiropractors. A four-part survey questionnaire was developed and mailed to a national stratified (by state) random sample of chiropractors. The analysis of data revealed that most chiropractors hold an undergraduate degree, practice in an urban area, are licensed to practice in only one state, belong to their state's chiropractic association, and are active in continuing education. Other data analyzed related to income, sources of new patients and average fees charged.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1987

Pregnancy and birth rates among sexually experienced US teenagers--1974, 1980, and 1983.

We examined pregnancy rates and birth rates among United States teenagers aged 15 to 19 years in 1974, 1980, and 1983. Pregnancy rate refers to live births plus induced abortions per 1000 women; birth rate refers to live births per 1000 women. We present these rates for all teens aged 15 to 19 years and for teens aged 15 to 19 years who were sexually experienced. Data sources included National Center for Health Statistics birth records, Centers for Disease Control abortion surveillance reports, and Bureau of the Census population estimates. Sexual experience estimates came from national surveys of adolescent sexual behavior. Between 1974 and 1980, the pregnancy rate among all teens increased; the pregnancy rate among sexually experienced teens declined. From 1980 to 1983, the pregnancy rate declined among all teens and among sexually experienced teens. Birth rates among US teenagers (all teens and sexually experienced teens) declined between 1974 and 1983. Whereas the decline in the birth rate from 1974 to 1980 was primarily due to increased use of abortion, the decline from 1980 to 1983 related to the decrease in teenage pregnancies.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of acetaminophen and rimantadine in the treatment of influenza A infection in children.

Rimantadine was compared with acetaminophen in a double-blind randomly assigned therapeutic trial in 63 children presenting with influenzal symptoms. Forty-nine of the children were proven to have influenza A by culture on presentation. Forty-three of the cultures, 88%, were influenza A/H1N1 strains. Both drugs were well tolerated. Rimantadine lowered the amount of virus shed in the first 2 days after initiation of therapy. Clinical resolution of illness was not different between the two therapeutic modalities. In individuals who shed virus for 4 days, strains recovered on the last day were relatively resistant to rimantadine.

Acetaminophen↗